Chapter 5Chapter 5Toward IndependenceToward Independence

TermsTerms1.1. PatriotsPatriots2.2. LoyalistsLoyalists3.3. First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress4.4. Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord5.5. French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War6.6. Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

The French and Indian War wasThe French and Indian War wasfought between the British/Colonistsfought between the British/Colonistsand the French/Indians.and the French/Indians. Britain won the war and gainedBritain won the war and gainedCanada and the land west of theCanada and the land west of theAppalachian mountains.Appalachian mountains. Britain taxed the colonists to repayBritain taxed the colonists to repaytheir war debt.their war debt.

The Proclamation of 1763The Proclamation of 1763 The Proclamation of 1763 created an invisible The Proclamation of 1763 created an invisible

line down the Appalachian Mountains to divide line down the Appalachian Mountains to divide colonists(east) and Native Americans(west) to colonists(east) and Native Americans(west) to prevent conflict. prevent conflict.

Colonists argued the land east of the Colonists argued the land east of the Appalachians was already settled and farmers Appalachians was already settled and farmers could find new land west of the mountains.could find new land west of the mountains.

To protest the Proclamation of 1763 colonists To protest the Proclamation of 1763 colonists continued to settle the land west of the continued to settle the land west of the Appalachian Mountains.Appalachian Mountains.

The Sugar ActThe Sugar Act -- 17651765 The Sugar Act placed a three cent tax on The Sugar Act placed a three cent tax on

foreign sugar and increased taxes on foreign sugar and increased taxes on coffee, indigo and wine.coffee, indigo and wine.

This act was opposed because it caused This act was opposed because it caused economic hardships throughout the economic hardships throughout the colonies by restricting trade with foreign colonies by restricting trade with foreign countries.countries.

They smuggled foreign sugar, bribed They smuggled foreign sugar, bribed customs officials, and arranged a boycott customs officials, and arranged a boycott of British goods.of British goods.

The Quartering ActThe Quartering Act-- 17651765 The Quartering Act required colonists to The Quartering Act required colonists to

provide British troops with housing and provide British troops with housing and supplies.supplies.

The Colonists opposed the Quartering Act The Colonists opposed the Quartering Act because it cost money to house and because it cost money to house and supply the troops.supply the troops.

Colonial assemblies decided to not fund Colonial assemblies decided to not fund the troops. Colonists protested the costs the troops. Colonists protested the costs by refusing to house the soldiers. by refusing to house the soldiers.

The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act -- 17651765 The Stamp Act required colonists to buy a The Stamp Act required colonists to buy a

stamp for every piece of paper they used.stamp for every piece of paper they used. The Stamp Act was opposed because The Stamp Act was opposed because

colonists had no representation in colonists had no representation in Parliament to vote on such taxes, it was Parliament to vote on such taxes, it was seen as a violation of their rights as British seen as a violation of their rights as British subjects.subjects.

Colonists refused to buy stamps, attacked Colonists refused to buy stamps, attacked tax collector’s homes and used violence to tax collector’s homes and used violence to protest.protest.

Townshend ActsTownshend Acts -- 17671767 The Townshend Acts placed a tax on The Townshend Acts placed a tax on

items such as glass, paint, paper, and tea.items such as glass, paint, paper, and tea. Colonists opposed the Townshend Acts Colonists opposed the Townshend Acts

because they had not voted to pass the because they had not voted to pass the new taxes.new taxes.

The colonists wrote letters of protest, and The colonists wrote letters of protest, and boycotted British imports, and bought only boycotted British imports, and bought only American made goods. Britain repealed American made goods. Britain repealed the act because of the boycott.the act because of the boycott.

The Tea ActThe Tea Act -- 17731773 The Tea Act lowered the cost of tea in the The Tea Act lowered the cost of tea in the

colonies and gave the British East India colonies and gave the British East India Co. a monopoly on tea trade.Co. a monopoly on tea trade.

Colonists saw the Tea Act as another Colonists saw the Tea Act as another attempt by Britain to tax the colonies attempt by Britain to tax the colonies without their consent.without their consent.

Patriots protested the Tea Act by dumping Patriots protested the Tea Act by dumping 90,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor. 90,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor. This event is known as the Boston Tea This event is known as the Boston Tea Party.Party.

The Intolerable ActsThe Intolerable Acts -- 17741774 The Intolerable Acts closed Boston Harbor, The Intolerable Acts closed Boston Harbor,

placed Massachusetts under British placed Massachusetts under British control, forced colonists to pay for the control, forced colonists to pay for the ruined tea, limited town meetings, sent ruined tea, limited town meetings, sent more troops and tried soldiers in England.more troops and tried soldiers in England.

Colonists opposed the Intolerable Acts Colonists opposed the Intolerable Acts because they viewed the acts as an attack because they viewed the acts as an attack on all of the colonies not just on all of the colonies not just Massachusetts.Massachusetts.

Colonists refused to pay for the tea, met Colonists refused to pay for the tea, met at the First Continental Congress, and at the First Continental Congress, and formed militias (armies).formed militias (armies).

Leaders from the colonies metLeaders from the colonies metin Philadelphia. They wrote ain Philadelphia. They wrote aletter to the King (George III)letter to the King (George III)and voiced their complaints.and voiced their complaints.They threatened to boycottedThey threatened to boycottedBritish goods, and decided toBritish goods, and decided toform local militias (armies).form local militias (armies).

The First Continental CongressThe First Continental Congress --17741774

The British were warned that colonists The British were warned that colonists hiding gunpowder and weapons in Concord. hiding gunpowder and weapons in Concord. The British (Gen. Gage) went to seize the The British (Gen. Gage) went to seize the weapons. Paul Revere and William Dawes weapons. Paul Revere and William Dawes warned the colonists that the British were warned the colonists that the British were coming. At Lexington, on the road to coming. At Lexington, on the road to Concord, shots were fired starting the Concord, shots were fired starting the Revolutionary War. Once in Concord, the Revolutionary War. Once in Concord, the British were met with heavy colonial British were met with heavy colonial resistance and retreated to Boston.resistance and retreated to Boston.