Chapter 5 The Periodic Table Dimitri Mendeleev.
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Transcript of Chapter 5 The Periodic Table Dimitri Mendeleev.
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Chapter 5Chapter 5
The Periodic Table
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Dimitri MendeleevDimitri Mendeleev
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Mendeleev’s ProposalMendeleev’s Proposal
Arranged the elements into rows in order of increasing mass.
Elements with similar properties were in the same column.
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Mendeleev ‘s PredictionsMendeleev ‘s Predictions
Mendeleev predicted where new elements would appear in the table.
Properties of new elements showed how useful his periodic table could be.
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Homework Homework
5-1 WorksheetDue: 11/5/08
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Periodic TablePeriodic Table
Arrangement of the elements:
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number Number of Protons
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GroupGroup
Repeating Chemical Properties
Vertical Column
Increase Mass
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Group 11-1BGroup 11-1B
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GroupsGroups
Same number of
Valence Electrons
(Number of Electrons in the Outer Energy Level!!)
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Group 2Group 2
Be MgCa
SrBa
Ra
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PeriodsPeriods
Horizontal Rows
Same Number of
Energy Levels
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Period - 2Period - 2
Li Be B C
N O F Ne
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H - HydrogenH - HydrogenC - CarbonC - CarbonO - OxygenO - OxygenFe - Iron (ferrum)Fe - Iron (ferrum)He - HeliumHe - HeliumCu - Copper (cuprum)Cu - Copper (cuprum)Hg - Mercury (hydragyrum)Hg - Mercury (hydragyrum)Co - Cobalt Co - Cobalt Unp - UnnilpentiumUnp - Unnilpentium
Names and Chemical Symbols
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Same group - Same number of electrons in their outer shells.
Group 1 (H) – 1e-Group 2 (Be) – 2e-Group 13 (B) – 3e-Group 14 (C) – 4e-Group 15 (N) – 5e-Group 16 (O) – 6e-Group 17 (F) – 7e-Group 18 (He) – 8e-
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15
30.96376Phosphorus
PAtomic Number(# of Protons)
Symbol
AverageAtomic Mass
(31)
Name
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Atomic Mass UnitAtomic Mass Unit
Atomic mass unit is equal to one-twelfth of the mass
of the nucleus of a carbon-12 atom.
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Atomic Mass UnitAtomic Mass Unit
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Atomic Mass UnitAtomic Mass Unit
p+
n0
Proton: Atomic Mass – 1amu
Neutron: Atomic Mass – 1amu
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Atomic Mass of 7 amuAtomic Mass of 7 amu
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IsotopesIsotopes
Atoms of the same element can have different
numbers of neutrons.
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Isotopes of ChlorineIsotopes of Chlorine
Cl17
35
17 Proton18 Neutrons
17 Proton20 Neutrons
76%
Cl17
3724%
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Average Weighted MassAverage Weighted Mass of of
Chlorine Chlorine
35.453amu
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Metals
Non-Metals
Metalloids
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MetalsMetals
75% of the
Elements!!!
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MetalsMetals
Physical Properties of Metals:
1. Metallic shine or luster.
2. Usually solids at room temperature.
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MetalsMetals
3. Malleable
(Hammered, pounded, or pressed into different shapes
without breaking.)
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MetalsMetals
4. Ductile:
(Drawn into thin sheets or
wires without breaking.)
5. Good conductors of heat and electricity.
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MetalsMetals
Metals tend to give up e-.
Na
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Most Reactive MetalsMost Reactive Metals
FranciumMost Active Metal
FrLi
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Non-MetalsNon-Metals
There are 17 nonmetals.They have four major
physical properties.
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Non-MetalsNon-Metals
Physical Properties
1. Rarely have metallic luster.
2. Usually gases at room temperature.
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Non-MetalsNon-Metals
3. Nonmetallic solids are neither malleable nor ductile.
4. Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
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Non-Metals tend to gain e-.
Non-MetalsNon-Metals
Cl
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Most Reactive Non-MetalMost Reactive Non-Metal
FI
Fluorine
Most Active
Non-Metal
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Met
allo
ids
Met
allo
ids
The seven metalloids are: BSiGeAsSbTePo
B
Si
Ge As
Sb Te
Po
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Metalloid PropertiesMetalloid Properties
Characteristics in between that of the metals and the nonmetals.
Sometimes they are good conductors of heat and electricity.
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Variations across a PeriodVariations across a Period
Across a PeriodLess Metallic more Non-Metallic
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Homework Homework
5-2 WorksheetDue: 11/13/08
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Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
The electrons in the highest occupied energy
level of an atom.
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Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
Elements in a group have similar properties because
they have the same number of valence
electrons..
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Alk
ali M
etal
sA
lkal
ine
Ear
th M
etal
s
Nob
le G
ases
Hal
ogen
sO
xyge
n
Nit
roge
n
Car
bon
Bor
on
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Alkali MetalAlkali Metal Group 1A Very reactive metals. Do not occur freely in nature. Only one electron in their
outer shell. (1 valence Electron)
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr Most reactive metal!!!!Most reactive metal!!!!
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Alkaline Earth MetalAlkaline Earth Metal Group 2A Very reactive Not found free in nature. Two electron in their outer shell.
(2 Valence Electron)Magnesium and Calcium
important elements in life.
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
Ra
Be
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Boron Family Boron Family Group 3A Three electrons in their outer
shell.
(3 Valence Electrons)Aluminum is the most abundant
metal in the Earth’s crust.
Al
Ga
In
Tl
B
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Carbon Family Carbon Family Group 4A.Four electrons in their outer shell.
(4 Valence Electrons) Consists of:
One nonmetal (carbon) Two metals (tin and lead) Two metalloids (silicon and germanium).
Except for water, most compounds in your body contain carbon.
Si
Ge
Sn
Pb
C
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Nitrogen Family Nitrogen Family
Group 5A.Five electrons in the outermost
energy level.
(5 Valence Electrons)They physical and chemical
properties that are strikingly different.
N and P make up fertilizer.
P
As
Sb
Bi
N
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Oxygen Family Oxygen Family Group 6A.Six electrons in their outermost
energy level.
(6 Valence Electrons)Oxygen is the most abundant
element in the earth’s crust.
S
Se
Te
Po
O
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Halogens Halogens
The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 7A of the periodic table.
All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells.
The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter.
Cl
Br
I
At
F
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Noble Gases Noble Gases The six noble gases are found in
group 8A of the periodic table. These elements were considered to
be inert gases. All noble gases have the maximum
number of electrons possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all others), making them stable.
Colorless/Odorless Gases
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
He
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Electron Dot DiagramElectron Dot DiagramLewis DiagramLewis Diagram
Dot Diagram:• Symbol of the element • Dots for Valence Electrons. (Outer most energy level Electrons)
C Cl Ne Na
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HomeworkHomework
5-3: WorksheetDue: 11/14/08
Word-Wise & Math Due: 11/17/08
Test: 11/19/08
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Test 11/20/07