Chapter 5 The Constitutional Convention Section 1.
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Transcript of Chapter 5 The Constitutional Convention Section 1.
![Page 1: Chapter 5 The Constitutional Convention Section 1.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/5697c00f1a28abf838cca5e1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 5
The Constitutional Convention
Section 1
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New Political Ideas• Established a republic – form of
government where the power resides with the people(voting rights)
• Many states attached a bill of rights to their constitutions (ex: Virginia had Declaration of Rights)
• Voting rights expanded in several areas – still no women
• Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom declares no official church for that state
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Revolution Changes Society• Greater liberty applied only to white
males• Slavery was in tact -Virginia was the
only Southern state that took steps to end slavery (Manumission – voluntary freeing of enslaved persons)
• Loyalists throughout the war faced difficult times – were shunned & property taken
• Feelings of nationalism spread
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Articles of Confederation• Would create a weak central gov’t, strong state
gov’t• 1 house legislature (Confederation Congress),
each state 1 vote• Given powers that the states could not fulfill
(declaring war, creating a postal service, etc) • Could only change with an unanimous vote by
states• Avoided big government, but allowed states to
work together• Took 4 years for ratification - approval
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Problems with Debt• Borrowed $60 million during war – country in
recession (economic slowdown)• Lack of money led to massive printing!• Paper money had to be backed up by gold/silver
– But it is not• Inflation set in decline in the value of money• Continental currency was not being accepted• Congress wanted to start taxing imports to raise
money
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Shay’s Rebellion• Daniel Shays (farmer in Mass.)• If borrowed money could not be
paid back (farm seized and sold, sent to debtors prison)
• Aug/Sept 1786 Shays & other farmers marched to courthouses; refused to let them imprison any more
• Marched on to state arsenal where they were met by a militia and soon scattered.
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Sections 2 & 3: A New Constitution
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Constitutional Convention• Problems with the Articles needed to be
addressed• Washington, Madison, Hamilton & Franklin all
attended convention• All delegates were 40s, white, male, wealthy,
educated, had drafted constitutions before• Sworn to secrecy• Decided to dump the Articles• May to Sept. of 1787
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Virginia and New Jersey Plans• Virginia Plan – Devised by James Madison• Proposed to get rid of the Articles and establish a
three-branch national gov’t• Also proposed to divide the legislature into two
houses – each state would elect members of the first house. The 2nd house would be elected by the 1st house.
• Plan favored large states (# reps = Pop.)• New Jersey Plan - create an one house legislature
with equal representation
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Connecticut Compromise
• Senate (each state has 2 reps.), House of Representatives (1 seat per 40,000 of population)
• Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person - Congress could not abolish slavery
• 9 of 13 states needed to pass • Signed by all but 3 on Sept. 17,
1787
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Framework of the Constitution• Based on popular
sovereignty – rule by people
• Also created federalism – division of power between federal/state governments
• Separation of powers (Exec/Jud/Leg)
• Checks/Balances• Amendments – changes to
the Constitution
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Federalists and Anti-Federalists• Anti-federalists – opponents
of the Constitution• Believed it should include a
Bill of Rights• Thought constitution
endangered the independence of the states
• Federalists – favored the proposed constitution
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Ratification• State ratifying took place in
1787 & 1788 – Five states quickly ratified it
• Mass., Virginia, N.Y. held out until a Bill of Rights was promised
• By July 1788 all states but Rhode Island and North Carolina had ratified the Constitution
• 1790 all states ratified Constitution