Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction.
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Transcript of Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction.
Chapter 5 – Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-Reconstruction (1865-
1877)1877)
Section 4 – Section 4 –
The End of ReconstructionThe End of Reconstruction
Beginning of the End
Northern Republican control of South weakened 1869
by 1877, there were no more Reconstruction governments
Southern Democrats began to regain control of governments in South
Southern Democratic Domination of GovernmentsChange in Public Opinion
- many grew tired of Reconstruction issue- wanted to forget war, withdraw troops, and move
on
Amnesty Act (1872)- gave voting rights back to about 160,000 former
Confederates- passed end of President Ulysses S. Grant’s 1st term
Spreading Terror
- secret societies grew in strength and power- KKK → Ku Klux Klan (Greek – “Kuklos” - circle)
- Created by former Confederate soldiers- General Nathan Bedford Forrest - targeted blacks and white Republicans
- Government tried to stop violence- Enforcement Act of 1870
- banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent someone from voting
- tried to ban the KKK- increased military protection during elections - most of the KKK dissolved, but reappeared during
1900s
Reconstruction Ends Corruption occurred frequentlyPrograms cost a lot of money & taxes
increased – some areas fell into more debtViolence increased as federal troops left
Southern areas Democrats returned to Southern politics
“Solid South” Supreme Court limited government’s ability to
protect civil rights of African Americans – most left to the States
Presidential Election 1876Republican Rutherford B. Hayes vs.
Democrat Samuel Tilden Tilden won the popular vote, but the
electoral vote was disputed federal troops only occupied 3
states by 1876: South Carolina, Florida, Louisiana → all voted for Hayes (Rep)
states without troops voted for Tilden (Dem)
controversy over votes
Rutherford B. Hayes
Samuel J. Tilden
Presidential Election 1876 (continued) created special commission to investigate:
declared Hayes (Rep) winner by 1 electoral vote made Compromise of 1877
Compromise of 1877settled Election 1876 controversyRepublican Hayes won presidency, but had to
remove federal troops from South (for Dem)end of military occupation in the South allowed
whites to regain control of Southern governments (1870s-1880s)
post Civil War very different from antebellum (pre-war) South
The Solid SouthSouthern whites blamed RepublicansSouth made sure Democratic Party stayed
strongbecame one-party region –
“Solid South” 1880-1924created laws to make it difficult or impossible
for blacks to vote
Disenfranchisement of African Americans
Disenfranchise → take away voting rights from person or group
South wanted to disenfranchise blacks to keep Democratic Party strong
used 3 methods to put blacks at a disadvantage to vote:
Literacy Test- had to pass test on reading and writing to vote- Problem: slaves were not taught to read or write
Poll Tax- had to pay tax before voting- Problem: most blacks could not afford it
“Grandfather Clause”- could only vote if grandfather had voted before
1867- Problem: only whites had grandfathers who
voted before 1867; 15th Amendment passed 1870