Chapter 5 presentation
Transcript of Chapter 5 presentation
ACTIVE CONSTRUCTION
Jean Piaget's influential theory on infant
development
Constructs understanding of the world on the basis
of their own actions
Compared to other developmental scientists who
believe that infants learned by being 'passive'
ACTIVE CONSTRUCTION
Shapes how parents and YDL's can influence youth
learning
Exposing youth to activities in which they are the
'driver'
Ex: Games in which children control the outcomes
Ex: Focusing less on standardized tests
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Adaptation: “The process whereby knowledge is
altered by experience.”
Assimilation: when new information is processed
according to what the child already knows
Accommodation: when the child 'changes' their
knowledge to better understand reality
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Adults and YDL's can facilitate child learning in multiple
ways
Ex: Taking the child to a petting zoo to further develop
their understanding of 'animals'
Ex: Expose the child to people of different races in an
effort to show expand their knowledge of 'people'
Ex: Exposing the child to many different objects so they
can gain a greater understanding of their surroundings
Sensorimotor Period Birth-1 month
Minimal mental development
1-4 months Coordinate
various aspects of understanding
4-7 months Relation of
their actions and the environment
18-24 months Mental
representation
10-18 months Discover
unexpected relations of outside world
7-10 months Construct
relations among environmental stimuli
SENSORIMOTOR PERIOD
While these stages are not set in stone, they provide a
framework for cognitive development
Parents and YDL's should be aware of these stages
Ex: When interacting with a child in a particular stage,
attempt to 'play' within each stage
Do not try to force a child into the next stage they are not
ready for
Play within their cognitive abilities
CHALLENGES TO PIAGET
Too much focus on active exploration
Not enough focus on sensory and organizational
capacities
Object permanence and mental representation
appear much earlier than Piaget stated
Infants have been seen to be able to imitate an
action after a delay
As long as a week
CHALLENGES TO PIAGET
It has been shown that not all of Piaget's conclusions are
true for all developing children
Ex: Expose children to more 'advanced' behavior than
Piaget recommends
Parents and YDL's should use what they can from Piaget's
writing, but focus on developing each child in a unique way
Ex: If you notice a child showing a sign of cognitive
development, continue to foster that particular action
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS
Distal forces influence development through
proximal forces
Socioeconomic status, parent's education, parent's
age, single mother, air quality, schools, etc..
Scaffolding
Joint attention, responsiveness, material
environment
Ethnotheories
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS
High quality education programs
Can improve IQ
Constant interplay between child's abilities and environment
Ex: Begin by assisting the infant in putting puzzle together,
than let them take the lead
Ex: Read to the infant
Ex: Respond appropriately when the infant initiates interaction
CATEGORIZATION SIMPLIF IED IN 3 WAYS:
Infant experience the world in biological states that are
frequently changing. • For example, when a teddy bear is in the light and when it’s in
the dark(it’s the same).
Facilitates storage of information• Doesn’t have to remember everything a person does to
remember who they are. • Example, facial expressions
Knowledge of an attribute of one member of a category
provides information about other members of the same category.
CATEGORIZATION
Youth Development Leaders can become
very impactful when incorporating
categorization into activities or games. • For example, we can group our youth in
different categories based off of age, gender, race, sports they like to play, etc.
• This method can help leaders organize their youth better, especially when dealing with larger crowds.
PHONOLOGY, SEMANTICS, SYNTAX
Phonology• Sounds must be produced and perceived
Semantics• Meaning of words and sentences, or the content of
speech
Syntax• Ways in which words and phrases are arranged to
ensure correct and meaningful communication.
PHONOLOGY, SEMANTICS, SYNTAX CONT. .
Grammar, understanding sentences, and
pronouncing words are all important throughout the
process of communication and understanding
language. • YDL’s can use these tools to help develop our youth
vocabulary. • Engage in activities that allow our youth to explain the
meaning of words and understanding of sentences.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS
To study the language development in infants one
must simply observe, record, and analyze what
children seem to understand or say as they grow up.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS
Being a YDL recording, observing and analyzing
will inevitably help us impact our youth and keep
their parents informed about their child
development. • Keeping notes about the youth can be beneficial that
way as staff members we know if our youth are progressing or digressing.
INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH, TURN-TAKING, AND GESTURES
Infant- Directed Speech• Rhythm and tone, simplification, redundancy
Turn-Taking• Teaches that it’s impolite to interrupt. Wait our turn to speak
Gestures• Form of non-verbal communication
These strategies elicit the baby’s attention, change the
baby’s state of arousal, communicate emotion, and facilitate
language comprehension.
INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH, TURN-TAKING, AND GESTURES
As YDL’s we must understand that our youth won’t always
comprehend everything that we say. There will be times
where we have to simplify things so they will understand so
they can be better and more productive in life. • For example, teaching our youth to raise their hand and
wait to be called on. • Saying excuse me before interrupting conversations.
• While these are things that parents should teach their children we must understand that a lot of youth lack parenting at home.
SOUND PRODUCTION
Prelinguistic• Crying and babbling
One-Word• Holophrase
• One word stands in for a phrase and has different meaning depending on context.
Multiword Stage• Vocabulary increases and the child begins to learn
multiple words.
SOUND PRODUCTION
Helping our youth increase their vocabulary is
very important and beneficial to mentors.
While society is changing it’s still important
that our youth understands the importance in
proper grammar and speaking grammatically
correct. • YDL’s can play board games such as scrabble,
hang-man, etc. these are all ways that our youth can engage in learning new words and using them.