Looking to the West (1860-1900) ◊Miners, Ranchers, Farmers, Cowboys.
Chapter 5 Part 2 The Miners and The Ranchers. The Miners Mining was the first economic boom of the...
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Transcript of Chapter 5 Part 2 The Miners and The Ranchers. The Miners Mining was the first economic boom of the...
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Chapter 5 Part 2
The Miners
and
The Ranchers
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The Miners
• Mining was the first economic boom of the West
• Impact on Native Americans and treaties
• Began in California at Sutter’s Mill when James Marshall found gold in 1848
• Led to the 49ers and statehood for Ca.
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1859 The Comstock Lode
• Nevada
• The largest concentration of silver ever found in the U.S.
• The Ophen Mine
• Source of the Hearst money
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Other Boom Towns
• Virginia City
• Leadville
• Deadwood
• Abilene
• Dirty, overcrowding, inflation, entrepreneurial women, lawlessness
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Shady Characters and crime
• Wild Bill Hickok
• Deadwood Dick
• Calamity Jane
• Vigilante committees
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Techniques
• Panning
• Sluicing
• Digging
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Dangers
• Other miners
• Native Americans
• The heat underground
• Cave-ins
• More Americans died in mining accidents than were killed in Indian wars.
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The Ranchers
• Ranching was the second economic boom of the West
• As the numbers of Buffalo decreased, the numbers of cattle and horses increased on the Plains
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The Spanish
• Had brought their cattle, horses and techniques from Spain and introduced the Longhorn steer to the dry grasslands of Texas
• The Vaqueros (Spaniards and then Mexicans) introduced American ranchers to caring for large herds.
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The Vaqueros
• Introduced roping, driving, special clothing and vocabulary
• At first, spurs were worn on bare feet!• Chaparreras: leather overalls (chaps)• Charque: jerky• Bronco: wild horse• Mestinos: mustangs (wild strays)
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Also from the Spanish
• Rancho, Corral, Rodeo
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The Cowboy
• Has been romanticized
• A tough life• 15-40 years old• Slept outside• Terrible food• Drives were 3 Months long!...called the
long drive
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The Cowboy
• 12% Mexican• 25% African American
• Most did not own the horses they rode…just the saddle
• Worked for a boss• Danger of drowning when crossing rivers• Lightening was also an issue (piled spurs and
other metal items just outside of camp)
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In the 1840’s
• Some drove cattle to California through Indian territory or the Great Desert
• Received anywhere from $25 to $125 a head
• Then sent on RR to New York and there was a stampede!
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The Chicago Stockyards
• As cities grew so did the demand for beef
• After 1865 Cattle were driven along the Chisholm trail to RR hubs which took the cattle to Chicago stockyards to be slaughtered
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Joe McCoy
• Drew up plans for shippng yards in several towns where trails and rails would come together
• Farmers had become upset over ruined crops during cattle drives
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The Chisholm Trail
• Was the major cattle route…tho- there were others
• Chisholm Trail went from San Antonio (Tx) to Oklahoma, Kansas where the RRs took the steer to Chicago
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Cowboys
• Worked 10 to 14 hours daily on the ranch and 14 and more hours daily on the range
• One cowboy for 250 head of cattle
• Trail Boss paid $100 per month
• He supervised the drive and dealt with settlers and Native Americans
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By 1887
• The era of the Cowboy was over
• Mostly due to the invention of barbed wire in 1874 (by Glidden)
• Within two decades the open range was increasingly fenced-in ranches
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wild West Shows• Part of the Romance of the West
• Buffalo Bill Cody
• Wild Bill Hickok
• Annie Oakley
• Calamity Jane
• Even Sitting Bull
• Roping, Riding, Shooting exhibitions