Roads to Revolution

Series of 4 Wars King William’s

(1689-97) Queen Anne’s

(1702-13) King George’s

(1744-48)

Consequences: Battle for power

between Britain/France remains No real winners in wars

Battle of Louisburg angers Colonists During KG’s War

Relationship changes Reliance on British Animosity

French fortification 1753 Ohio River Valley

George Washington 1754 Fort Necessity =

embarrassment Albany Congress

Albany Plan on Union 24 delegates Franklin/Hutchinson

proposal General Braddock/ Fort

Duquesne Disaster

1,000 British ambushed Britain’s shortcomings

Lacked adequate troops and supplies

Tide turns for Britain 1757 Iroquois Treaty (1758) William Pitt

New Prime Minister Rallies Colonists for the

cause Surrender of Montreal

1760 War in Europe continues

Treaty of Paris 1763 Reorganized map of

Colonial America Consequences

Britain supreme naval power

Britain in MASSIVE debt Dual identity

Friction among Allies 1760-1763 Reimbursement of

Colonies a problem Increased Native

conflict Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763 Proclamation of 1763

10,000 British troops remain

Writs of Assistance 1760-1761 Anger over smuggling

Prior and during war

1760- writ of assistance Search and seizure James Otis

Lawyer for Colonists Rights of an Englishman “beyond which if

Parliament go, their Acts bind not”

Sugar Act 1764 Stamp Act 1765 Declaratory Act 1766 Quartering Act 1766-

1767 Townshend Duties

1767 Tea Act 1773 Coercive Acts 1774

Responses VA Resolves (Stamp Act)

1765 Loyal Nine 1765 Sons/Daughters of Liberty

1765 Stamp Act Congress 1765 Letters from a PA Farmer

1767 John Wilkes (England) 1768 Christian Sparta Boston Massacre 1770 Committees of

Correspondence 1772 Boston Tea Party 1773 First Continental Congress

1774 2nd Continental Congress

1775

Virginia Resolves Patrick Henry Urged House of Burgesses

to deny tax Only four passed:

Virginians were same as British should have same rights

VA taxes through House of Burgesses

VA alone had right to tax Denied legitimacy of tax law

outside US Anyone that disagreed = the

enemy

Loyal Nine Middle class Tried to get stamp

distributors to resign Sons of Liberty

Sam Adams, John Hancock, Ebenezer Mackintosh

Daughters of Liberty too Stamp Act Congress

Oct 17, 1765 Reps from 9 colonies

27 delegates total Agree Parliament lacked

authority to tax outside Britain

Resembled VA resolves

"The Repeal or the Funeral Procession of Miss America-Stamp": A satiric cartoon commemorating the repeal of the Stamp Act, c. 1766. Illustration courtesy of the Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. (larger version)

New PM in England Charles Townschend

Colonial resistance NY, refused to enforce

Led to Anti-colonists sentiment in House of Commons

Consequence: NY suspending act NY backed down

John Dickinson “Letters from a PA Farmer”

No right to tax for single purpose of raising revenue

Circular Letter 1768 written by Sam Adams

Condemned taxation w/out rep Advocated no illegal activities Mass legislation adopted letters

British response Over-reacts Royal governors dissolve letter Townschend creates American

Board of Customs Commissioners 1767 Raised number of port officials $ for secret informers “Liberty” incident June 1768

Sons of Liberty Reorganize “Save your $, Save your

country” campaign Nonimportation agreement =

boycott John Wilkes

In England Denounces KGIII Ran for Parliament

Woman resistance Sarah Osborn

Religious activist Starts Daughters of Liberty

Key role in nonconsumption movvement

Feb 22, 1770 Townschend

Acts eliminated Except Tea

New British PM Committees of

Correspondence Sam Adams in

charge 1st attempt at

wide political cooperation

Gaspee Affair

“The die is cast” - KGIII

Response to Coercive Acts Sept 5, 1774 – Philadelphia Convention:

56 delegates Suffolk resolves Voted to boycott all British

goods and cease exports Sent petition to KGIII

1775 KGIII declares colonies in rebellion

Important People: Patrick Henry, Sam and John

Adams, George Washington, John Dickinson, John Jay

April 1775 General Gage ordered

to quell “rabble” and arrest patriot leaders

700 troops send to seize arms and ammunition at Concord

First shots fired

2nd Continental Congress “Olive Branch Petition”

Written by George Dickerson Cease-fire at Boston Repeal coercive acts Establish/negotiate colonists’

rights

Continental Army established GW leader

British troops attack Boston

Bunker Hill, Breed’s Hill

Jan. 1776 Thomas Paine publishes “Common Sense”

Argues: Not “common sense” for a

large continent to be ruled by a distant island

States needed to break away and become independent

No economic need for Britain

Monarchy dangerous to liberty

Incredibly influential

2nd Continental Congress June 7th

Richard Henry Lee proposes independence

July 2nd United States of America

created July 4th

Adopted by Congress

What it included Followed England’s Bill of

Rights 27 grievances with KGIII

Authors Thomas Jefferson * John Adams Ben Franklin