Chapter 45

JaredIsaiahFabian

45.1

• James Meredith-went on a march from Memphis, Tenn. to Jackson Miss. to gain followers for the Black Power Movement. Along the way he gave speeches to influence people to join the Black Power Movement.

• Black Power-the call from activists to have African Americans hold economic and political power, and using violence if necessary to achieve their goal.

45.2• Blacks got mad because they waited too long for equality, so they

protested by causing riots.

• Watts Riot-Was one of the biggest riots of the time, left 34 people dead, 900 injured, about 4000 people were imprisoned, left $45 million in property damage, ended after 6 days when 14,000 National Guard members restoring order.

• Kerner Commission-a commission that was known as the National Advisory Commissions on Civil Disorders. Released a report that said, “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black and one white—separate and unequal.” When blacks started to use violence, the commission said the country needs to “make good the promises of American democracy to all citizens—urban and rural, white and black, Spanish surname, American Indian, and every minority group.”

45.3

• Nation of Islam-a religious group, also known as the Black Muslims, the promoted complete separation from white society by establishing black businesses, schools, and communities. Malcolm X was a major speaker for the Nation of Islam.

• Black Nationalism-a doctrine, promoted by the Nation of Islam, calling for complete separation from white society.

• Malcolm X was assassinated by 3 members of the Nation Islam after he traveled to the holy city of Mecca and stated that he met with people of all races, including “blonde-haired, blue-eyed men I could call my brothers.”

• After Malcolm’s death, Black Power became the main goal; getting Blacks into positions of power in politics and economics.

• Black Panther Party-a group formed in 1966 that demanded economic and political rights and was prepared to take violent action if necessary.

• Plebiscite-a vote on a question of importance. This was a major platform set by the Black Panthers that called for the United Nations to supervise a plebiscite among African Americans to determine “the will of the black people as to their national destiny.”

• African Americans began to run for office in political and economic offices, and became successful in state and local elections. Thurgood Marshall became the first black Supreme Court justice in 1967.

• Afrocentrism-a focus on African history, culture, and achievements of African people and their descendants in the U.S.A.

45.4• Before King died, he shifted his attention from integration to economic

equality.

• Civil Rights Act of 1968-a law that banned discrimination of race, religion, national origin, or sex.

• By 1968, Blacks attending white schools had risen by 32 percent.

• Swann vs. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Ed.-this case raised questions of de facto-segregation. It said that schools must use busing to schools outside their neighborhood to create more racially balanced schools.

• Affirmative Action-a policy that calls for employers to actively seek to increase the number of minorities in their workforce.

• Preferential Treatment-giving preference to a minority or female job applicant because of the person’s ethnicity or gender.

• Both of these systems were used to bring equality for minorities and women to the workplace.

• Reverse Discrimination-a discrimination against whites or males.

• Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke-the first case on affirmative action was upheld after the Supreme Court ruled that race may be used as one, but not the only, factor in school administration.

Current Progress• The U.S. has made huge progress with the 2 term election of President

Barak Obama. • Schools and housing developments have become integrated.• Blacks in the workplace have become a common thing where before

blacks or any minority group weren’t allowed to be in the workplace.

Works Cited• History 9 Textbook• Youtube/long distance revolutionary : mumia and the black panther