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Transcript of Chapter 41 Geriatric Medical Emergencies. © 2005 by Thomson Delmar Learning,a part of The Thomson...
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Chapter 41Geriatric Medical Emergencies
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Overview
The Aging of Society Physiological Changes Associated with Aging Assessment of the Elderly Patient Transport General Medical Considerations Common Illnesses in the Elderly
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The Aging of Society
Fastest growing population in the US Health problems increase as one ages The elderly rely on EMS services more
than any other age group
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Physiological ChangesAssociated with Aging
Each organ system of the body shows signs of aging
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Neurologic
Decrease in the senses– Vision– Hearing– Taste– Smell
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Cardiovascular
Decrease in elasticity of vessels Higher blood pressures Narrowing of the vessels Heart pumps less efficiently
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Respiratory
Lung and muscle tissue decrease in elasticity The alveoli work with less efficiency
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Gastrointestinal
Loss of teeth Decrease in mobility of
the gastrointestinal tract
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Genitourinary
Loss of bladder tone Decline in kidney function
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Musculoskeletal
Loss of calcium content in bones Decrease in flexibility of joints Inflammation of joints
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Integumentary
Loss of subcutaneous fat and water content Loss of hair color and hair loss
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Assessment of the Elderly Patient
The steps are the same but some special considerations exist
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Scene Size-Up
Note the general living conditions of the elderly patient’s home
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Focused History and Physical Examination
Communication difficulties
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Transport
Changes in musculoskeletal and integumentary systems may make the elderly patient vulnerable to injury during transport
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Stop and Review
What physiologic changes are common as a person ages?
How does this affect a person’s health? How might this impact the EMT’s care?
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General Medical Considerations
Polypharmacy is the use of multiple medications by a single person
Medical conditions may become more prevalent as one ages
Altered presentation of disease Mistreatment of the elderly
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Stop and Review
Describe the problems that can occur with polypharmacy.
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Common Illnesses in the Elderly
Any illness can occur at any age; however, there are some illnesses that are more common in the elderly than in other populations
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Altered Mental Status
Dementia – Alzheimer’s disease
Delirium
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Stop and Review
What is the difference between delirium and dementia?
What are some causes of dementia? How should the EMT treat the patient
with dementia?
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Trauma
Injuries that may be survived by a younger patient may be fatal for the elderly
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Acute Myocardial Infarction
Cardiovascular risk increases as one ages Presentation is often not typical
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Additional Common Medical Complaints
Abdominal pain Infection Stroke Depression Alcohol abuse Undernutrition