Chapter 4.1 Exploration and Expansion.docx -...
Transcript of Chapter 4.1 Exploration and Expansion.docx -...
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Chapter 4: Age of Exploration
Medieval Europe-Europeans stayed in own sphere-Economy was based on Feudalism
Black Death, Renaissance, and Reformation completely changed Medieval Society
GROWTH OF WORLD TRADE-Europeans became fascinated with trade with Asia
-Exotic Products Such as Spices-Exotic People
-Marco Polo: The Travels-wonderful magical place with magical people
ALL OF WHICH INSPIRED AN INTEREST WITH THE FAR EAST
Problems with the overland connection to Asia:
Europe Italian States Muslim Middle East Asia -European products were not popular in the East-Muslims controlled overland trade routes
-Only Traded with Italian States, giving them a Monopoly-Monopoly- only one producer or controller in a market
-Therefore Asian Products are extremely Expensive and Hard to Get-Asia: Silk, Spices, Jewels, Porcelain
What does this have to do with exploration?-European nations began to search for an oversea trade route to India and China
NEW NAVAL TECHNOLOGY
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-Makes this Exploration PossibleCaravel- lighter and faster ship, broader, cannons, cargo
Lateen Sail- triangular sail, better capture the wind, sail against the wind.
Astrolabe- allowed sailors to plot their latitude location by the position of the sun and stars.
Magnetic Compass- Chinese invention shows direction
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Better knowledge of the Trade Winds -Winds operated in a clockwise Motion
-Can be used to go wherever
The First Country To Explore: Portugal
Prince Henry The Navigator
-Created School For Navigation
-Taught how to use new technologies
-Sponsored many Portuguese Expeditions
-Never Went on an Expedition himself
Result:-Portugal was 1st country to explore-Sailed along tip of Africa, finding lots of gold-Vasco de Gama, sailed around tip of Africa to India
-Brought Spices back and making large amounts of money-Portugal would dominate this route and become a world power as a result
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RACE FOR RICHESSPANISH EXPLORERS
-Want their cut in the trade with Asia-Can’t follow Portugal’s route-Most Spanish explorers believed the world was round-Columbus led expedition to sail west to Asia (Believed only 4,000 miles away)
Journey of Columbus 1492-Many Hardships
-Food and resources exhausted-Near Mutiny by men-Smelly and unsanitary conditions
-Arrival: Bahama Islands-Columbus believed he reached Asia-Even referred to the people as Indians, believing he reached the Indies-Collected Plants, Animals, and People to bring back to Spain. NO GOLD
-Never knew he found new worldAmerigo Vespucci
- 1st to realize this was a new world- Printing Press spread his word so fast, many believed he discovered the Americas
Hence the name “Americas”Ferdinand Magellan
- Sponsored by Spain, go around Americas to Asia- He sailed around the tip of South America.- Named the Pacific Ocean (90+ days to cross)- Killed in battle with natives in Indonesia- Ship was first to circumnavigate the world
-World is way bigger than originally thought-Causes Spain to focus on their new American Claims
NEW LANDS TO EXPLORE-Settle claims with Portugal
- Treaty of Tordesillas- divided the new and unexplored worlds into two
East of the Line- Brazil and Africa goes to Portugal
West of the Line- Most of Latin America is claimed by Spain
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The Spanish Empire: COLONIZATIONWhat is Colonization?
-a foreign power controls an area of land and creates a settlement
Conquest of the Aztec Empire- Beautiful civilization of millions- Advanced- Capital: Tenochtitlan, built on a lake
Conquered by Hernan Cortes and conquistadors-500 man expedition into Tenochtitlan (home to thousands)
How does a 500 man team conquer thousands?
1. Cortes allies with rival tribes subjugated by Aztecs
2. More advanced weaponry and metal armor
3. Natives possibly thought Cortes was a god
a. Literally welcomed him into city (debatable)
4. ***DISEASE***
Aztecs fought off first invasion but were so weak by disease Cortes sacked Technotitlan in 4 months.
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The Destruction of the Aztec Civilization-Cortes destroyed the pyramids and temples and used those stones to build Spanish
buildings.-Pillaged the city for gold-Completely destroyed Tenochtitlan and in 30 years conquered all of present day Mexico.
Conquest of the Incas- Another Thriving and prosperous civilization- Disease also ravaged through the Incan empire- Civil War resulted between two sons- Francisco Pizarro arrives, Incans are extremely weak
o Aided by better technology, Pizarro conquers the Incans and sets up o Colony?- settlement of people living in a new territory linked by a mother
country by trade and control.Motives behind European Colonization
1. Gold2. Glory3. God
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Now the race is on between European countries.England, France, and Dutch move fast to stake the claims
Netherlands-created new Netherlands as a trading outpost for furs.
France- colonized Canada and Louisiana-Samuel De Champlain founded Quebec which still speaks French today
England- founded settlements along the Eastern Seaboard of the USA today
*MOST OF THESE NATIONS WERE SEARCHING FOR A NORTHWEST PASSAGE*-A sea route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through North America
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NORTHWEST PASSAGE