Lecture 5 Chapter 4. Relationships: Regression Student version.
Chapter 4 - Student
Transcript of Chapter 4 - Student
Chapter 4-1
Intermediate Accounting
14th Edition
4Income Statement and
Related Information
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
Prepared by Coby Harmon, University of California, Santa Barbara; Adapted by Ashley Stark, Dickinson State University
Chapter 4-2
Evaluate past performance.
Income StatementIncome StatementIncome StatementIncome Statement
LO 1 Understand the uses and limitations of an income statement.
Help assess the risk or uncertainty of achieving future cash flows.
Predicting future performance.
Usefulness
Chapter 4-3
Income StatementIncome StatementIncome StatementIncome Statement
Limitations
LO 1 Understand the uses and limitations of an income statement.
Companies omit items that cannot be measured reliably.
Income is affected by the accounting methods employed.
Income measurement involves judgment.
Chapter 4-4
Companies have incentives to manage income to meet or
beat Wall Street expectations, so that
market price of stock increases and
value of stock options increase.
Income StatementIncome StatementIncome StatementIncome Statement
LO 1 Understand the uses and limitations of an income statement.
Quality of earnings is reduced if earnings management
results in information that is less useful for predicting future
earnings and cash flows.
Quality of Earnings
Chapter 4-5
Format of the Income StatementFormat of the Income StatementFormat of the Income StatementFormat of the Income Statement
LO 1 Understand the uses and limitations of an income statement.
Revenues – Inflows or other enhancements of assets or settlements of its liabilities that constitute the entity’s ongoing major or central operations.
Sales
Fee revenue
Interest revenue
Examples of Revenue Accounts
Elements of the Income Statement
Dividend revenue
Rent revenue
Chapter 4-6
Format of the Income StatementFormat of the Income StatementFormat of the Income StatementFormat of the Income Statement
LO 1 Understand the uses and limitations of an income statement.
Expenses – Outflows or other using-up of assets or incurrences of liabilities that constitute the entity’s ongoing major or central operations.
Examples of Expense Accounts
Elements of the Income Statement
Cost of goods sold
Depreciation expense
Interest expense
Rent expense
Salary expense
Chapter 4-7
Format of the Income StatementFormat of the Income StatementFormat of the Income StatementFormat of the Income Statement
LO 1 Understand the uses and limitations of an income statement.
Gains and losses can result from
sale of investments or plant assets,
settlement of liabilities,
write-offs of assets.
Elements of the Income Statement
Gains – Increases in equity (net assets) from peripheral or incidental transactions.
Losses - Decreases in equity (net assets) from peripheral or incidental transactions.
Chapter 4-8
Single-Step FormatSingle-Step FormatSingle-Step FormatSingle-Step Format
LO 2 Prepare a single-step income statement.
Income Statement (in thousands)
Revenues:
Sales 285,000$
Interest revenue 17,000
Total revenue 302,000
Expenses:
Cost of goods sold 149,000
Selling expense 10,000
Administrative expense 43,000
Interest expense 21,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Total expenses 247,000
Net income 55,000$
Earnings per share 0.75$
Revenues
Expenses
Net Income
Single- Step
Single- Step
No distinction between Operating and Non-operating categories.
Single-Step Income Statement
Chapter 4-9
Administrative expense: Revenues:
Officers' salaries 4,900$ Sales 96,500$
Depreciation 3,960 Rental revenue 17,230
Cost of goods sold 63,570 Total revenues 113,730
Rental revenue 17,230 Expenses:
Selling expense: Cost of goods sold 63,570
Transportation-out 2,690 Selling expense 17,150
Sales commissions 7,980 Administrative exense 8,860
Depreciation 6,480 Interest expense 1,860
Sales 96,500 Income tax expense 7,580
Income tax expense 7,580 Total expenses 99,020
Interest expense 1,860 Net income 14,710$
Income Statement
For the year ended Dec. 31, 2012
Single-Step FormatSingle-Step FormatSingle-Step FormatSingle-Step Format
LO 2 Prepare a single-step income statement.
E4-4: Prepare an income statement from the data below.
Chapter 4-10
Separates operating transactions from
nonoperating transactions.
Matches costs and expenses with related revenues.
Highlights certain intermediate components of
income that analysts use.
LO 3 Prepare a multiple-step income statement.
Multiple-Step Income Statement
Format of the Income StatementFormat of the Income StatementFormat of the Income StatementFormat of the Income Statement
Chapter 4-11
1. Operating section
2. Nonoperating section
3. Income tax
4. Discontinued operations
5. Extraordinary items
6. Earnings per share
LO 3 Prepare a multiple-step income statement.
Multiple-Step FormatMultiple-Step FormatMultiple-Step FormatMultiple-Step Format
Intermediate Components of the Income Statement
Chapter 4-12
Multiple-Step FormatMultiple-Step FormatMultiple-Step FormatMultiple-Step Format
LO 3 Prepare a multiple-step income statement.
The presentation divides information into major sections.
Income Statement (in thousands)
Sales 285,000$
Cost of goods sold 149,000
Gross profit 136,000
Operating expenses:
Selling expenses 10,000
Administrative expenses 43,000
Total operating expense 53,000
Income from operations 83,000
Other revenue (expense):
Interest revenue 17,000
Interest expense (21,000)
Total other (4,000)
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Net income 55,000$
1. Operating Section
2. Nonoperating Section
3. Income tax
Chapter 4-13
Administrative expense: Sales 96,500$
Officers' salaries 4,900$ Cost of goods sold 63,570
Depreciation 3,960 Gross profit 32,930
Cost of goods sold 63,570 Operating Expenses:
Rental revenue 17,230 Selling expense 17,150
Selling expense: Administrative exense 8,860
Transportation-out 2,690 Total operating expenses 26,010
Sales commissions 7,980 Income from operations 6,920
Depreciation 6,480 Other revenue (expense):
Sales 96,500 Rental revenue 17,230
Income tax expense 7,580 Interest expense (1,860)
Interest expense 1,860 Total other 15,370
Income before tax 22,290
Income tax expense 7,580
Net income 14,710$
Income Statement
For the year ended Dec. 31, 2012
Multiple-Step FormatMultiple-Step FormatMultiple-Step FormatMultiple-Step FormatIllustration (E4-4): Prepare an income statement from the data below.
Chapter 4-14
Irregular items fall into six categories
1. Discontinued operations.
2. Extraordinary items.
3. Unusual gains and losses.
4. Changes in accounting principle.
5. Changes in estimates.
6. Corrections of errors.
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Chapter 4-15
Occurs when,
(a) company eliminates the
results of operations and
cash flows of a component.
(b) there is no significant continuing involvement in that
component.
Amount reported “net of tax.”
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Discontinued Operations
Chapter 4-16
Illustration: KC Corporation had after tax income from continuing operations of $55,000,000 for the year. During the year, it disposed of its restaurant division at a pretax loss of $270,000. Prior to disposal, the division operated at a pretax loss of $450,000 for the year. Assume a tax rate of 30%. Prepare a partial income statement for KC.
Reporting Discontinued OperationsReporting Discontinued OperationsReporting Discontinued OperationsReporting Discontinued Operations
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Chapter 4-17
Reporting Discontinued OperationsReporting Discontinued OperationsReporting Discontinued OperationsReporting Discontinued Operations
Discontinued
Operations are reported
after “Income from
continuing operations.”
Previously labeled as “Net Income”.
Moved to
LO 4
Interest expense (21,000)
Total other (4,000)
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Income from continuing operations 55,000
Discontinued operations:
Loss from operations, net of tax 315
Loss on disposal, net of tax 189
Total loss on discontinued operations 504
Net income 54,496$
Income Statement (in thousands)
Sales 285,000$ Cost of goods sold 149,000
Gross profit 136,000
Chapter 4-18
Extraordinary items are nonrecurring material items that
differ significantly from a company’s typical business activities.
Extraordinary Item must be both of an
Unusual Nature and
Occur Infrequently
Company must consider the environment in which it operates.
Amount reported “net of tax.”
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Chapter 4-19
Are these items Extraordinary?
YESYES
NONO
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Reporting Extraordinary ItemsReporting Extraordinary ItemsReporting Extraordinary ItemsReporting Extraordinary Items
Chapter 4-20
Illustration: KC Corporation had after tax income from continuing
operations of $55,000,000 during the year. In addition, it suffered
an unusual and infrequent pretax loss of $770,000 from a volcano
eruption. The corporation’s tax rate is 30%. Prepare a partial
income statement for KC Corporation beginning with income from
continuing operations.
Reporting Extraordinary ItemsReporting Extraordinary ItemsReporting Extraordinary ItemsReporting Extraordinary Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Chapter 4-21
Extraordinary Items
are reported after
“Income from continuing
operations.”
LO 4
Other revenue (expense):
Interest revenue 17,000
Interest expense (21,000)
Total other (4,000)
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Income from continuing operations 55,000
Extraordinary loss, net of tax 539
Net income 54,461$
Income Statement (in thousands)
Sales 285,000$ Cost of goods sold 149,000
Gross profit 136,000
Previously labeled as “Net Income”.
Moved to
Reporting Extraordinary ItemsReporting Extraordinary ItemsReporting Extraordinary ItemsReporting Extraordinary Items
Chapter 4-22
Reporting when both
Discontinued
Operations and
Extraordinary Items
are present.
Discontinued Operations
LO 4
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Income from continuing operations 55,000
Discontinued operations:
Loss from operations, net of tax 315
Loss on disposal, net of tax 189
Total loss on discontinued operations 504
Income before extraordinary item 54,496
Extraordinary loss, net of tax 539
Net income 54,496$
Income Statement (in thousands)
Sales 285,000$ Cost of goods sold 149,000
Gross profit 136,000
Extraordinary Items
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
Chapter 4-23
Material items that are unusual or infrequent, but not both,
should be reported in a separate section just above “Income
from continuing operations before income taxes.”
Examples can include:
Write-downs of inventories
Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses
The Board prohibits net-of-tax treatment for these items.
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Unusual Gains and Losses
Chapter 4-24
Retrospective adjustment.
Cumulative effect adjustment to beginning retained
earnings.
Approach preserves comparability.
Examples include:
► change from FIFO to average cost.
► change from the percentage-of-completion to the
completed-contract method.
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Changes in Accounting Principles
Chapter 4-25
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Change in Accounting Principle: Gaubert Inc. decided in March 2012 to change from FIFO to weighted-average inventory pricing. Gaubert’s income before taxes, using the new weighted-average method in 2012, is $30,000.
Illustration 4-10Calculation of a Change inAccounting Principle
Illustration 4-11Income StatementPresentation of a Changein Accounting Principle (Based on 30% tax rate)
Pretax Income Data
Chapter 4-26
Accounted for in the period of change and future
periods.
Not handled retrospectively.
Not considered errors or extraordinary items.
Examples include:
► Useful lives and salvage values of depreciable assets.
► Allowance for uncollectible receivables.
► Inventory obsolescence.
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Changes in Estimate
Chapter 4-27
Change in Estimate: Arcadia HS, purchased equipment for
$510,000 which was estimated to have a useful life of 10 years
with a salvage value of $10,000 at the end of that time.
Depreciation has been recorded for 7 years on a straight-line
basis. In 2012 (year 8), it is determined that the total estimated
life should be 15 years with a salvage value of $5,000 at the end
of that time.
Questions:
What is the journal entry to correct the prior years’
depreciation?
Calculate the depreciation expense for 2012.
Change in Estimate ExampleChange in Estimate ExampleChange in Estimate ExampleChange in Estimate Example
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Chapter 4-28
Result from:
► mathematical mistakes.
► mistakes in application of accounting principles.
► oversight or misuse of facts.
Corrections treated as prior period adjustments.
Adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings.
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Corrections of Errors
Chapter 4-29
Corrections of Errors: To illustrate, in 2013, Hillsboro Co.
determined that it incorrectly overstated its accounts
receivable and sales revenue by $100,000 in 2010. In 2013,
Hillboro makes the following entry to correct for this error
(ignore income taxes).
Reporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular ItemsReporting Irregular Items
LO 4 Explain how to report irregular items.
Chapter 4-30
Relates the income tax expense to the specific items that give
rise to the amount of the tax expense.
Income tax is allocated to the following items:
(1) Income from continuing operations before tax.
(2) Discontinued operations.
(3) Extraordinary items.
(4) Changes in accounting Principle
(5) Correction of errors
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 5 Explain intraperiod tax allocation.
Intraperiod Tax Allocation
Chapter 4-31
Extraordinary Gain: Schindler Co. has income before income
tax and extraordinary item of $250,000. It has an extraordinary
gain of $100,000 from a condemnation settlement received on
one its properties. Assuming a 30 percent income tax rate,
what is the net extraordinary gain? What will net income be?
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 5 Explain intraperiod tax allocation.
Intraperiod Tax Allocation
Chapter 4-32
Extraordinary Loss: Schindler Co. has income before income
tax and extraordinary item of $250,000. It has an extraordinary
loss from a major casualty of $100,000. Assuming a 30 percent
income tax rate , what is the net extraordinary loss? What will
net income be?
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 5 Explain intraperiod tax allocation.
Intraperiod Tax Allocation
Chapter 4-33
Total other (4,000)
Income from cont. oper. before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Income from continuing operations 55,000
Discontinued operations:
Loss on operations, net of $135 tax 315
Loss on disposal, net of $61 tax 189
Total loss on discontinued operations 504
Income before extraordinary item 54,496
Extraordinary loss, net of $231 tax 539
Net income 53,957$
Calculation of
Total Tax
Example of Intraperiod Tax AllocationExample of Intraperiod Tax AllocationExample of Intraperiod Tax AllocationExample of Intraperiod Tax Allocation
$24,000
(135)(61)
(231)
$23,573
LO 5 Explain intraperiod tax allocation.
Note: losses reduce the total tax
Income Statement (in thousands)
Sales 285,000$ Cost of goods sold 149,000
Chapter 4-34
An important business indicator.
Measures the dollars earned by each share of common
stock.
Must be disclosed on the the income statement.
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 6 Identify where to report earnings per share information.
Net income - Preferred dividends
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Earnings Per Share
Chapter 4-35
Example Problem:
BE4-8
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 6 Identify where to report earnings per share information.
Chapter 4-36
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 6
EPS
Divide by weighted-average shares
outstanding
Illustration 4-17
Chapter 4-37 LO 7 Prepare a retained earnings statement.
Increase
Net income
Change in accounting
principle
Error corrections
Decrease
Net loss
Dividends
Change in accounting
principles
Error corrections
Retained Earnings Statement
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
Chapter 4-38
Woods, Inc.Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Year Ended December 31, 2012
Balance, January 1 1,050,000$ Net income 360,000 Dividends (300,000) Balance, December 31 1,110,000$
LO 7 Prepare a retained earnings statement.LO 7 Prepare a retained earnings statement.
Before issuing the report for the year ended December 31, 2012, you discover a $50,000 error (net of tax) that caused 2011 inventory to be overstated (overstated inventory caused COGS to be lower and thus net income to be higher in 2011). Would this discovery have any impact on the reporting of the Statement of Retained Earnings for 2012?
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
Chapter 4-39
Restrictions on Retained Earnings
Disclosed
In notes to the financial statements.
As Appropriated Retained Earnings.
LO 7 Prepare a retained earnings statement.
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
Chapter 4-40
All changes in equity during a period except those resulting
from investments by owners and distributions to owners.
Includes:
all revenues and gains, expenses and losses reported in
net income, and
all gains and losses that bypass net income but affect
stockholders’ equity.
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 8 Explain how to report other comprehensive income.
Comprehensive Income
Chapter 4-41
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
Income Statement (in thousands)
Sales 285,000$
Cost of goods sold 149,000
Gross profit 136,000
Operating expenses:
Selling expenses 10,000
Administrative expenses 43,000
Total operating expense 53,000
Income from operations 83,000
Other revenue (expense):
Interest revenue 17,000
Interest expense (21,000)
Total other (4,000)
Income before taxes 79,000
Income tax expense 24,000
Net income 55,000$
Other Comprehensive Income
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.
Translation gains and losses on foreign currency.
Plus others
+
Reported in Stockholders’ Equity
LO 8 Explain how to report other comprehensive income.
Comprehensive Income
Chapter 4-42
Companies must display the components of other
comprehensive income in one of three ways:
1. A second separate income statement;
2. A combined income statement of comprehensive
income; or
3. As part of the statement of stockholders’ equity
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 8 Explain how to report other comprehensive income.
Chapter 4-43
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 8
Illustration 4-19Comprehensive Income
Second income statement
Chapter 4-44
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 8
Comprehensive Income
Combined statement
V. Gill Inc.
Combined Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Year Ended December 31, 2012
Sales revenue 800,000$
Cost of goods sold 600,000
Gross profit 200,000
Operating expenses 90,000
Net income 110,000
Unrealized holding gain, net of tax 30,000
Comprehensive income 140,000$
Chapter 4-45
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 8 Explain how to report other comprehensive income.
Comprehensive Income – Statement of Stockholder’s Equity
Illustration 4-20
Chapter 4-46
Special Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting IssuesSpecial Reporting Issues
LO 8 Explain how to report other comprehensive income.
Comprehensive Income – Balance Sheet Presentation
Illustration 4-21Presentation ofAccumulated OtherComprehensive Income in the Balance Sheet
Regardless of the display format used, the accumulated other comprehensive income of $90,000 is reported in the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet.