Chapter 4 – Settlement of the

Thirteenth Colony

Warm-ups and

Discussion Questions

Section 1 – An Age of Exploration

ESSENTIAL QUESTION– What were the effects of

the interactions of Europeans and Native Americans?

Vocabulary

• Garrison – Unit of soldiers• Mission – Church outpost• Pilgrims – Colonists who came to

America on Mayflower• Puritans – Religious group that

wanted to change Church of England

Vocabulary

• Charter – Legal document

• Colony – land on foreign soil

• Friars – Catholic missionaries

• Huguenots – persecuted French protestants

• Separatists- group that wanted to break away from Church of England

What is a middleman?

A trader who buys goods from producers & sells them to other traders & consumers

How does he affect the cost of luxury goods?

It drives the price up.

What made Europeans want to find a sea route to trade with China?

Marco Polo’s publication told of China’s wonderful

riches.

What explorer was 1st to sail eastward from Europe to the Indian Ocean?

When?

Bartholomew Diaz in 1488

Which explorer thought there was a shorter, easier westward route?

Christopher Columbus

Which European country would sponsor Columbus’s voyage?

Spain (even though he

was Italian)

What mistake did Columbus make when he 1st landed on October 12,

1492?

He thought he had landed on the islands off

the coast of India & called the natives

“Indians”.

What areas did Columbus explore?

Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Virgin Islands, &

coasts of Central & South America

How many trips to the New World did Columbus make?

Four

What happened between the battle for land between Spain and Portugal?

Pope Alexander VI split the new world

with his “Line of Demarcation”

Who made first settlement in New World and what happened?

Allyon - for spain in 1504. They hit a hard winter Allyon died and

revolt broke out.

For whom did John Cabot sail & what area did he explore?

England; Newfoundland this

was England’s claim on New World

Who was the 1st explorer to find an eastward ocean trade route to India?

Vasco da Gama

For whom was the New World named?

Amerigo Vespucci – explored South America; a

mapmaker read Vespucci’s writings & named the new

land “America” after Vespucci

Who was the 1st explorer to reach Asia by sailing west? When?

Ferdinand Magellan in

1522

Why did other Europeans not use this route?

This was a longer, harder trip around the southern tip of South America; they were looking for an easier all-water route through the

North American continent.

What were Spanish explorers searching for in the Caribbean?

Wealth

What 2 explorers actually did find the riches they were hunting for?

Cortes & Pizarro (see next slide)

What area did each explore/conquer & what was the prize?

Cortes – Mexico – conquered the Aztecs – won treasure in silver & gold

Pizarro – Peru – conquered the Incas – controlled the world’s richest silver mines

Who was the 1st to explore modern-day Georgia? When?

Hernando de Soto in 1540

What was he hoping to find?

Gold

Why was de Soto able to defeat a larger army?

He had superior weapons – guns,

crossbows, horses, & armor.

What caused the deaths of millions of Native Americans? Name them.

European diseases killed almost ½ –

measles, smallpox, influenza, whooping

cough

What caused de Soto’s expedition to fail?

Most of his troops died of disease or starvation.

Define the term “colony”.

A settlement in a new land that has

ties to their homeland

Where & when was GA’s 1st settlement established?

Santa Catalina mission on St.

Catherine’s Island in 1566

Which European country was important in the fight to control the New World? What

would it gain?

Spain – gain wealth and

power

What was the French goal in exploration and what was their first settelment?

Trading

Fort Charles in Florida

What happened to Spain’s fleet of ships?

It was destroyed by England’s better

sailors & ships and by bad storms at sea.

Section 2 – English Settlementof the New World

ESSENTIAL QUESTION– What caused a rivalry

between England and Spain in the New World?

How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada affect England?

It gave them control of the seas &

opened their door to the New World.

How many colonies did England establish by the late 1600s &

where?

12 were established along the Atlantic coast of North America.

Give 3 reasons why people came to settle in these new colonies.

Religious freedomEconomic gain

New startBetter life

What is “mercantilism”?

An economic system for England to

export more than it imported

Under this system, what did the colonists provide for England? Name 3.

Raw materials – sugar,

timber,

rice,

tobacco,&

cotton

Name 3 ways this was of benefit to England.

1) No longer needed to import these goods from other countries

2) Could sell finished products back to the colonies & other countries

3) It strengthened the British economy.

What crop was very important to Great Britain’s success in the South?

tobacco

Where was the 1st permanent English colony in the New World & when was it

begun?

Jamestown, VA in 1607

What happened there during the 1st year?

Malaria killed all but 38 of the settlers.

What impact did the growing of tobacco have on the Jamestown settlement?

It created a need for

labor.

What is an “indentured servant”?

A person who agreed to work 4-7 years in exchange for paid

passage to the New World

From where did these indentured servants come?

Africa

How did this system change by the end of the 17th century?

They became slaves instead of servants.

What caused a conflict between Spain & Great Britain in the Carolinas?

Spain was already in Guale when Great Britain wanted to

establish settlements.

Why did Great Britain establish a colony in GA?

To act as a buffer between its

colonies in the Carolinas and the Spanish in Florida.

Where was GA’s 1st fort located and what was its name?

At the mouth of the Altamaha

River; called Fort King George

What happened to the fort?

It was abandoned in 1727 due to Indian raids, sickness, &

swampy conditions.

What foods were sent to the Old World from the New World?

CornIrish potatoes

Sweet potatoes/yamsPeanutsTurkeys

Pumpkins

What foods were sent to the New World from the Old World?

RyeRadishes

BeetsRice

Sugar canePeachesWheat

What animals did Europe send to the New World?

Horses Chickens

PigsOxenGoatsCattleSheep

How did the introduction of these animals impact the new environment?

They destroyed the native ground cover

and led to the extinction of some of the animals

native to the North American continent.

Section 3 – The Colonization of Georgia

ESSENTIAL QUESTION– Why was the Georgia

colony founded?

Who 1st proposed establishing a colony on the Savannah River?

Robert Montgomery

Aaron Hill

Amos Kettleby

Describe James Oglethorpe’s background.

He was born in London, well-educated,

wealthy,& a Member of Parliament (House

of Commons).

What problems in England led Oglethorpe to plan for the new colony?

Frequent imprisonment of debtors, high

unemployment, lack of work for those who

couldn’t pay their debts

What kinds of prison reform (changes) did Oglethorpe work to achieve?

Improve prison conditions & free

thousands of debtors in prison

What personal experience caused Oglethorpe to work for prison reform?

Friend, Robert Castell, died of

smallpox while in debtors’ prison

Who 1st suggested establishing a debtors’ colony?

Dr. Thomas Bray

What reasons did Great Britain have for wanting to settle GA?

Balanced trade to make Great Britain self-sufficient;

Form a defensive buffer zone to protect British colonies against

Spain, France, & Native Americans;

Bring more power, money, & land to Britain

What products would GA provide for the mother country?

Silk

Cotton dyes

Wine

Spices

Semi-tropical fruits

Name 1 advantage for those who would settle in the new colony.

Religious freedom for those Protestants

who were mistreated by the Catholic Church

How many trustees were granted permission to establish & manage the new colony of GA?

James Oglethorpe & 20 others (total of

21)

Define the term “trustee.”

A person who holds (or is entrusted

with) responsibility on behalf of others

What is a charter?

A legal document that grants

certain privileges & rights

Name the borders for GA provided in the charter.

Savannah River

Altamaha River

Pacific Ocean

What limitations were placed on the trustees?

They couldn’t own land.

They couldn’t hold political office or be

paid.

What promise was made to those people chosen to settle in GA?

50 acres of land

Tools

Enough food for 1 year

How was this promise different if you paid your own passage to the colony?

500 acres of land

Permission to take 10 indentured

servants with you

What were some of the rules colonists were supposed to follow?

1.Each man was to defend the colony.

2. Land couldn’t be sold & no $$$ could be borrowed on the land.

3. He must farm the land with at least part of it planted with mulberry trees to produce silk.

4. Each would receive enough seed and farming tools to work their land for 1 year.

5. He must obey all the trustees’ rules & regulations.

How many settlers were on the ship Ann, 1st ship to GA?

114-125

Where did the Ann 1st land in the New World?

Charleston,

SC

How did Oglethorpe & the Yamacraw Indians communicate?

Mary Musgrove translated for

them.

How was Mary Musgrove important to Oglethorpe’s plans & success?

She was vital to them. The Yamacraw trusted her & she was the link between the colonists

& the tribe.

Where & when did the Ann’s passengers land?

They landed at Yamacraw Bluff (18

miles from the mouth of the Savannah River) on February 12, 1733.

What was the total population of Great Britain’s 13 New World colonies?

It totaled more than 650,000

people.

Section 4 – Building a New Home

ESSENTIAL QUESTION– In what ways did Georgia

expand and succeed as a colony?

What is an artisan? Give 2 examples.

An artisan is a craftsman.

Examples are tailor, miller, carpenter,

sawyer, surveyor.

Who made up the militia?

The militia was made up of the citizens of the

colony.

How was Robert Castell important to the settlement of Savannah?

The plan for the city of Savannah is based on his

design.

What building projects were the 1st to be completed in Savannah?

First built were the settlers’ homes, sundial, gristmill,

courthouse, well, & bakery.

Describe the medical problems settlers experienced shortly after their arrival.

They suffered from scurvy, dysentery, &

fevers.

Explain the causes of these problems.

They were caused by a lack of fresh fruits & vegetables, dramatic

climate changes, poor sanitation, & hard

physical labor.

From where did the German Protestants come & for what reason?

They came from Salzburg (actually in modern-day

Austria) to have religious freedom from the Catholics

who persecuted them.

Who was their leader?

His name was John Martin

Boltzius.

What did they name their settlement?

They named it Ebenezer.

What caused the Salzburgers to have to relocate?

The land was marshy & it had

poor soil for crops.

What were the 3 regulations Oglethorpe introduced after his 1st trip to England?

He kept a closer watch on the trade with Indians.

He outlawed the buying of rum or using liquor in the Indian

trade.

He did not allow slavery.

Why was slavery outlawed in the GA colony?

Oglethorpe felt it caused the landowners to be idle &

would increase their desire for more land. He didn’t want to create a wealthy

landowner’s class of people.

What economic problems existed in the colony?

They had the wrong kind of mulberry trees.

They couldn’t grow hemp, flax, indigo, or grapes.

When Oglethorpe failed to return to GA, who took control of the colony?

William Stephens took over control.

When was slavery 1st allowed in the GA colony?

1750(actually 1752 was when it

went into effect)

When did the trustees return control of GA back over to King George II?

1752

Name 4 things that showed GA was a successful colony.

Many came for religious freedom.

They signed treaties with the Indians.

It ended the threat of Spanish invasions.

continued

Establishment of Bethesda Orphans Home by George Whitefield.

John & Charles Wesley established the 1st Sunday School in America & founded the Methodist Church.

The court system settlers started is still functioning today.

Women became able to inherit land.