Chapter 4 Plate Chapter 4 Plate tectonicstectonics

Review GameReview Game

What are the 4 layers What are the 4 layers of the Earth?of the Earth?

Crust, mantle, inner Crust, mantle, inner core, outer corecore, outer core

The uppermost part of the The uppermost part of the mantle and crust that mantle and crust that together forms a rigid together forms a rigid layer is called what?layer is called what?

lithospherelithosphere

As the depth below the As the depth below the crust increases, what 2 crust increases, what 2 factors also increase?factors also increase?

Heat and pressureHeat and pressure

Is the inner core a Is the inner core a solid, a liquid, or a gas?solid, a liquid, or a gas?

solidsolid

What layer of the What layer of the mantle lies just below mantle lies just below

the lithosphere?the lithosphere?

athenosphereathenosphere

How does the material of How does the material of the athenosphere differ the athenosphere differ from the material of the from the material of the

lithosphere?lithosphere?

Athenosphere is softer Athenosphere is softer than the lithospherethan the lithosphere

What happens in the What happens in the interior of the Earth, to interior of the Earth, to

produce the Earth’s produce the Earth’s magnetic field?magnetic field?

The inner core spins faster The inner core spins faster than the outer core producing than the outer core producing

a magnetic field.a magnetic field.

What are the three What are the three types of heat transfer?types of heat transfer?

Radiation, conduction, Radiation, conduction, and convectionand convection

Describe conduction Describe conduction heat transfer.heat transfer.

When heat is When heat is transferred by the direct transferred by the direct touching of materials.touching of materials.

Describe radiation heat Describe radiation heat transfer.transfer.

Transfer of energy Transfer of energy through empty spacethrough empty space

Describe convection heat Describe convection heat transfer.transfer.

Heat transfer by the movement Heat transfer by the movement of heated fluid. Heated material of heated fluid. Heated material

is less dense than a cooler is less dense than a cooler sample of the same material. sample of the same material.

This will make the heated This will make the heated material rise.material rise.

What happens to What happens to convection currents when convection currents when

the fluid reaches a the fluid reaches a constant temperature?constant temperature?

Convection currents stopConvection currents stop

What is the theory of continental What is the theory of continental drift?drift?

All the continents were together All the continents were together at some point in the Earth’s at some point in the Earth’s

past, and slowly drifted to their past, and slowly drifted to their current positions.current positions.

Who was the scientist Who was the scientist that proposed that that proposed that

theory?theory?

Alfred WegenerAlfred Wegener

What are the 3 types of What are the 3 types of evidence Wegener used evidence Wegener used

to support his theory?to support his theory?

Landforms, Fossils, and Landforms, Fossils, and ClimateClimate

Describe the evidence Describe the evidence from landforms.from landforms.

When you match up the continents When you match up the continents on a map, points that would have on a map, points that would have been connected have the same been connected have the same

type of landform, and the mineral type of landform, and the mineral deposts were the samedeposts were the same

Describe the evidence Describe the evidence from fossils.from fossils.

When you match up the continents When you match up the continents on a map, the fossils were the on a map, the fossils were the

same. If the continents were not same. If the continents were not together, there is no way those together, there is no way those animals could have crossed the animals could have crossed the

ocean.ocean.

Describe the evidence Describe the evidence from climate.from climate.

Land that is in cold Land that is in cold climates now, has climates now, has

evidence that it was once evidence that it was once located in the tropicslocated in the tropics

What is the name What is the name Wegener gave to the Wegener gave to the

super continent?super continent?

PanpaeaPanpaea

Why didn’t scientists Why didn’t scientists accept his theory at first?accept his theory at first?

He could not explain the He could not explain the mechanism for the mechanism for the continents to move.continents to move.

Explain what sea floor Explain what sea floor spreading is?spreading is?

The process that The process that continually adds new continually adds new

material to the ocean floormaterial to the ocean floor

What are the 3 forms of What are the 3 forms of evidence that supports evidence that supports sea floor spreading?sea floor spreading?

Molten material, magnetic Molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling stripes, and drilling

samplessamples

What is the evidence from What is the evidence from molten material?molten material?

Pillow lava and other forms of Pillow lava and other forms of hardened lava are scattered across hardened lava are scattered across

the ocean floor, this is evidence the ocean floor, this is evidence that molten material constantly that molten material constantly

erupts from the mid-ocean ridgeerupts from the mid-ocean ridge

Explain the evidence from Explain the evidence from magnetic stripes.magnetic stripes.

The rocks on the ocean floor The rocks on the ocean floor contain the direction of the Earth’s contain the direction of the Earth’s

magnetic field at the time they magnetic field at the time they hardened. The bands move in hardened. The bands move in

alternating directions as you move alternating directions as you move across the ocean.across the ocean.

Explain the evidence Explain the evidence from drilling samples.from drilling samples.

The age of the rocks near the The age of the rocks near the ridge are younger than rocks ridge are younger than rocks that are further away from the that are further away from the

ridge.ridge.

Explain the subduction Explain the subduction of oceanic crust.of oceanic crust.

When oceanic crust When oceanic crust gets pushed under gets pushed under

another plate.another plate.

The formation, movement, The formation, movement, and subduction of the and subduction of the

Earth’s plates is explained Earth’s plates is explained by what?by what?

Plate tectonicsPlate tectonics

What are the 3 types of What are the 3 types of plate boundaries plate boundaries

called?called?

Transform, convergent, Transform, convergent, and divergentand divergent

Explain how a Explain how a transform boundary transform boundary

moves.moves.

Slip past each otherSlip past each other↑↓↑↓

Explain how a convergent Explain how a convergent boundary moves.boundary moves.

Plates crash into each Plates crash into each otherother→←→←

Explain how a divergent Explain how a divergent boundary moves.boundary moves.

Plates move away from Plates move away from each othereach other

←→←→

What is a rift valley?What is a rift valley?

A divergent boundary A divergent boundary between 2 continental between 2 continental

plates.plates.

What is an ocean What is an ocean trench?trench?

The location where The location where oceanic crust dives oceanic crust dives

beneath another platebeneath another plate

What happens when 2 What happens when 2 continental plates continental plates

converge?converge?

Mountain buildingMountain building

What type of energy What type of energy transformation powers transformation powers

plate tectonics?plate tectonics?

Convection currents in Convection currents in the mantlethe mantle