Chapter 4- Greece

Greece geography

Very mountainous. Difficult to farm and gather. Next option is to fish and travel to

smaller islands.

This allows spread of the Greek culture.

Greek Life

Greek Life Like Dr. Cooper said, an agora is a

market. At the center of the city there was a

fortified building known as acropolis.

The city (polis) was a city-state

Civil Class

Citizens with political rights- Men.

Citizens without political rights – Women & Children.

Non-citizens – Slave & Foreigners.

Civil Class

Regardless of class, every person had loyalty.

This caused the Greece empire to fall apart. Why?

War

Greece revolutionized warfare during this time. Soldiers transitions from horse back to

hoplites.

Hoplites Greece took their warfare very serious. Males “inspected” at birth. They spend most of their early life

learning military discipline. Once they become 20, they entered the

army. Lived away from their families until they

were 30. Did not leave the military until the age

of 60.

Military Family

Since men did not spend much time at home, women held greater freedom.

They would encourage their husbands and sons to be brave during war. “Come back with your shield or on it.” – Queen

Corgo, 300

Greek Government(s)

Monarchy Aristocracy/ Oligarchy

One King in power Usually tried to please

the people. Power was inherited

Rule by nobles There was limited by

just a few. Most time tended to

be the wealthier class.

Greek Government(s)

Tyranny Democracy One person in power Does not care about

the people, and only does whatever they please.

Freedom and rights for everyone, regardless of citizens or not.

Usually revolved around a council, or several leaders with one major one.

Ionian Greeks

Persian Conquest The Ionian Greeks had been

controlled by the Persian Army. Around 499 BCE, Ionian cities

revolted. They were unsuccessful.

Darius was enraged and wanted revenge. Darius’ army was defeated.

Xerxes came in control, and attacked Greece.

In 479 BCE, the Greek army defeated the Persian army.

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The Persian army was defeated and Athens took control of Greece.

Athenians were complete opposites of Spartans.

This caused a lot of issues

ComparisonSpartans Athenians

Warfare held highly Children encourage to

fight for country. Women held many

responsibilities. Average amount of

slaves

More sophisticated Children were

educated. (Only boys.)

Women were held very low in society.

Women were only expected to bear child and raise family. (Not educated)

Many slaves.

Great Peloponnesian War

Spartans feared Athenian control. They wanted Greece to be theirs.

Athenians knew they could be defeated. They hid behind fortified cities Plague killed a lot of the population

Eventually Spartans defeated Athenians

All sides were weakened, and eventually lost.

Battle of Thermopylae

7,000 Greek soldiers faced off against 180,000 Persian soldiers for two days. Led by King Leonidas

On the 3rd day, Leonidas sent off most of his army but kept a few soldiers to make one last stand. 700 Thespians 400 Thebans 300 Spartans

Cleisthenes

Helped overthrow Hippias, a tyrant

Came into power, established the foundation of the Athenian democracy

Extra Facts Socrates said, “the unexamined life

is not worth living.”

Herodotus wrote, History of the Persian Wars First real history.

Homer Wrote two epic poems,Iliad and Odyssey.

Alexander & the Hellenistic Period After the Great Peloponnesian War,

the Macedonians came into power. They were led by King Phillip II

Was assassinated by one of his bodyguards.

His son took kingship, Alexander. Eventually, would be known as

Alexander the Great. His first accomplishment was freeing

the Ionian states from Persian control.

Cont.

He succeeded in destroying the Persian Empire.

Continued conquering As far South as Egypt As far East as the Indus River in India.

Stopped at India because soldiers were tired.

Alexander soon after died at the age of 32.

Birth of Hellenistic Period

Alexander’s conquest spread Greek culture.

This led to the Hellenistic Period. Hellenistic is derived from the Greek

meaning “to imitate Greeks.”

During this period, Greek culture was the most popular culture around.

Hellenistic Kingdoms

After Alexander’s death, four major kingdoms emerged. Macedonia Syria Pergamum Egypt