Chapter 4 - Consciousness - Incomplete
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Transcript of Chapter 4 - Consciousness - Incomplete
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Consciousness
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Sleep and Dreams
Circadian rhythms: ____________________
_____________________________________ Are regulated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)
in the hypothalamus
Environmental factors like the daynight cycle also
affect circadian rhythms
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Circadian Rhythms
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A Typical Nights Sleep
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REM Sleep
Characteristics of !E" sleep
rapid eye movements most vivid dreaming occurs during !E" sleep
physiological arousal increases
muscle paralysis
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Changes in REM Sleep with Age
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Why Do We Sleep?
! """"""""""""""""""" Sleep allo#s us to recharge our bodies and recover
from fatigue
#! """"""""""""""""""" Sleep$s main purpose is to increase a species$
chances of survival
$! """"""""""""""""""" Sleep helps strengthen the neuronal connections
that serve as the basis for learning and memory
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Ta%le &!#' Theories o( Sleep
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Sleep Disorders
)nsomnia: chronic inability to sleep normally %alling asleep
%re&uent #aking
!eturning to sleep
Earlymorning a#akening
Narcolepsy: characteri'ed by an irresistible compulsion
to sleep during the daytime Sleep Apnea: causes the person to stop breathing #hile
asleep
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Ta%le &!' Sleep Distur%ances
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Why Do We Dream?
""""""""""""""""""""""""""
rainstem (pons) bombards higher brain centers #ithrandom neural activity
Cerebral corte interprets activity and creates a dream
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*reams symboli'e #ish fulfillment "anifest content vs+ latent content
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Shane, a straightA student, remembers
dreaming that he failed an important chemistrytest+ According to %reud, Shane-s account
represents the ________ content of his dream+
A+ paradoical
+ dissociated
C+ latent
*+ manifest
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.hich of the follo#ing sleep disorders #ould be
the most incapacitating for a commercial busdriver/
A+ Night terrors
+ 0nsomnia
C+ Sleep#alking
*+ Narcolepsy
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Mind*Altering Drugs
+sychoacti,e drugs: chemicals that affect mental
processes and behavior by temporarily changing
conscious a#areness """""""""""": individual re&uires greater dosages of
the drug to achieve the same effect
""""""""""""": after reducing or ceasing drug intake,
physical or psychological symptoms occur 1olerance 2 .ithdra#al 3 +hysiological dependence
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+sychoacti,e Drugs
Depressants-Sedati,es
Alcohol arbiturates (Seconal)
en'odia'epines (4alium)
Stimulants Amphetamines
Caffeine
Nicotine
Cocaine5Crack
Ecstasy ("*"A)
.allucinogens "ari6uana
7S*
8C8
/piates0Narcotics1 "orphine
9eroin
Codeine
