Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds
Transcript of Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds
![Page 1: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CHAPTER 4Carbon Compounds
![Page 3: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
4.1Carbon Compounds
![Page 4: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What are carbon compounds?
Compounds that contains
carbon atoms combine with other elements such as hydrogen and oxygen
![Page 5: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Carbon compounds
Organic compounds Inorganic compounds
From living things Not from living things
Examples• sugar
• protein• starch
Examples• Carbon dioxide
• Sodium carbonate• Chalk
![Page 6: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Differences Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds
Living things Sources Non living things
CHO
Non-metallic
Elements
Metallic/Non-metallic
CO M
Metallic/Non-metallic
CombustibilityCan burn Cannot burn
Organic Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
![Page 7: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Hydrocarbon
What are hydrocarbons?
CarbonHydrogen
Compounds which consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms only
![Page 8: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Examples
Methane, CH4 Petrol
Is glucose, C6H12O6
a hydrocarbon? Why?
![Page 9: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sources of Hydrocarbonns
Petroleum
Natural gas
Coal
![Page 10: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
4.2 Alcohol
![Page 11: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Is alcohol an organic compound?
Why?
![Page 12: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Alcohols
Organic compounds
Contain CHO
Examples
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
![Page 13: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Production of Ethanol
glucose + yeast → ethanol + Carbon dioxide
Fermentation
![Page 14: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fractional Distillation
![Page 15: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Properties
of Alcohol
÷
Colourless liquid
Soluble in water/ miscible in water
Low
boiling point
Burn with a blue flame
Reacts with organic acid to form ester
![Page 16: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ethanol + Organic acid
→ ester + water
Esterification
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Sweet smell
![Page 17: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Uses of Alcohols
fuels solvents
alcoholic
drinks
esters
disinfectants cosmetics
![Page 18: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
4.3 Fats
![Page 19: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fats
• Essential food class
• Contain CHO
• Organic compounds
• From plants or animals
Palm oil
Peanut oil
meat
butter
![Page 20: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Animals Plants
![Page 21: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Fats
Saturated fats Unsaturated fats
![Page 22: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Differences Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
Animals Sources Plants
Solid
higher
State at room temperature
Melting Point
liquid
lower
Cholesterol / LDLhigher lower
Type of carbon bondsSingle bonds
With double bonds
![Page 23: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Effects of consuming excessive fats
• Obesity
• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Heart attacks
• strokes
![Page 24: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Classify
Saturated fats
Unsaturated fats
palm oil
peanut
butter olive corn
cheesecream
coconut oil
![Page 25: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
endocarp
÷
Mesocarp
Kernel
![Page 26: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Extraction of Palm Oil
Sterilisation Stripping / separation
Crushing / Digestion
Extraction Filtration Purification
![Page 27: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Uses of Palm Oil
Edible Uses Inedible Uses
• Cooking oil• Margarine• Ice cream
• Coffee creamer• chocolate
• Soap• Candles
• Cosmetics• Printing ink
• fuels
![Page 28: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Production of Soap
Oil + alkali → soap + glycerol
Saponofication
![Page 29: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1 Which of the following substances does not contain the element of carbon?
A sugar B proteins C common salt D cotton
![Page 31: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
2 Which pair is correct?
Organic Compounds
Inorganic compounds
A Calcium carbonate protein
B Milk rice
C Carbon dioxide Baking soda
D Palm oil marble
![Page 32: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3 Examples of inorganic compounds areI paperII sodium carbonateIII chalk
A I only B I and II C II and III D I, II and III
![Page 33: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
4 Which of the following elements are present in hydrocarbons?
A carbon and oxygen B carbon and hydrogen C hydrogen and halogens D carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
![Page 34: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
5. Which of the following is the property of ethanol?
A It burns with a blue flame B It is insoluble in water C It has high boiling point D It reacts with alkali to produce ester
![Page 35: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
6. Ethanol + Organic acid → X + water
What is X?
A alcohol B soap C ester D yeast
![Page 36: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
7. The following information shows the uses of substance Y. What is Y?
•Candle•Margarine
•Body lotion
A starch B palm oil B petroleum D alcohol
![Page 37: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
8. The following equation show the process of glucose + yeast→ ethanol + carbon dioxide
A saponification B fermentation C esterification D combustion
![Page 38: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
9. Which of the following is true about unsaturated fat? A derived from animals B High cholesterol content C liquid at room temperature D caused blockage of arteries
![Page 39: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
10. Which part A, B, C and D contains the most oil?
A
÷
B
D
C
![Page 40: Chapter 4 Carbon Compounds](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032113/55a620e11a28abf7648b4829/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)