LU4 GENETIC DIVERSITY PART I THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS AND BIODIVERSITY STF1053 BIODIVERSITY.
Chapter 4: Biodiversity & Evolutionmi01000971.schoolwires.net/cms/lib...Biodiversity & Evolution ....
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Chapter 4: Biodiversity & Evolution
Transcript of Chapter 4: Biodiversity & Evolutionmi01000971.schoolwires.net/cms/lib...Biodiversity & Evolution ....
Chapter 4:
Biodiversity & Evolution
Biologic Diversity (“biodiversity”)
o Definition (review)
o 4 Types of diversity
o Genetic
Biologic Diversity (“biodiversity”)
o Definition (review)
o 4 Types of diversity
o Species
Biologic Diversity (“biodiversity”)
o Definition (review)
o 4 Types of diversity
o Ecosystem
Biologic Diversity (“biodiversity”)
o Definition (review)
o 4 Types of diversity
o Functional
Biologic Evolution o Definition
o Survival Traits & Natural Selection
o Evolutionary Misconceptions
Evolutionary Misconceptions
1. Survival of the Fittest ≠ Survival of the Strongest
2. Individual species adapt out of want or need.
3. Species become progressively perfect.
4. Opposes tenants of religion
(belief vs. acceptance)
Biologic Evolution o Definition
o Survival Traits & Natural Selection
o Evolutionary Misconceptions
o Biologic Evolution (2 steps) o Genetic Variability
o Natural Selection
o Genetic Resistance
Biologic Evolution o Definition
o Survival Traits & Natural Selection
o Evolutionary Misconceptions
o Biologic Evolution (2 steps) o Genetic Variability
o Natural Selection
o Genetic Resistance
o Humans & Natural Selection o Opposable Thumbs
o Walking Upright
o Complex Brain
Movement of the Earth’s
Continents
over Millions of Years
Fig. 4-6, p. 85
225 million years ago 135 million years ago
65 million years ago Present
Fig. 4-6, p. 85
225 million years ago 135 million years ago
65 million years ago Present
Stepped Art
Speciation
• Process where 2 species
arise from 1
• Two ways speciation occurs:
– Geographic Isolation
– Reproductive Isolation
Fig. 5-7 p. 94
Extinction
• Factors affecting
extinction
– Plate tectonics
• Associated climate
change
Extinction
• Factors affecting
extinction
– Plate tectonics
• Associated climate
change
– Catastrophic events
• Background vs.
Mass Extinction
• Adaptive Radiation
Need fig 5-10 from textbook
4-5 Species Diversity
• Species Richness
• Species Evenness
Sequential Comparison • Run (def)
• SCI = # runs / total population
• SCI and Biodiversity are directly proportional
• Scale: 0.0 (low) 1.0 (high)
• Example: How has diversity of the Chicago Shipping
Canal (connected to Lake Michigan) changed?
– 1983 Data (fish caught along one trip): trout, perch, trout,
trout, perch, alewife, trout, alewife, perch, trout, perch, alewife,
trout, perch, trout, alewife, trout, trout, perch, trout, alewife.
– 2013 Data (fish caught along one trip): trout, trout, alewife,
alewife, alewife, trout, trout, perch, Asian carp, Asian carp, Asian
carp, Asian carp, alewife, trout, perch, Asian carp, trout, trout,
trout, trout.
Simpson Diversity Index
• Measures dominance of one species
• Simpson and SCI are inversely related
• Scale = 0.0 1.0
Simpson Index = Σ Ni (Ni -1)
N(N-1)
Forest “A”
Plant #
Spruce 20
Pine 10
Maple 30
Beech 60
Elm 20
Fir 60
Total 200
Forest “A”
Plant #
Spruce 20
Pine 10
Maple 30
Beech 60
Elm 20
Fir 60
Total 200
Plant #
Spruce 9
Pine 10
Maple 41
Beech 10
Elm 110
Fir 20
Total 200
Five niches organisms play
• Native
• Invasive
• Keystone
• Indicator
• Foundation
Case Studies:
Alligator • History
• Niche
• Status
Case Studies:
Amphibians
• History
• Present
• Concern?
• Status
Case Studies:
Shark
• Niche
• Myths vs. Fact
• Shark Finning
• Results of Decline
Tuesday, Oct 13th
, 2015
1. Turn lab books in (if you haven’t already)
2. UNIT 2 Test:
– 48 Multiple Choice Questions (approx. 25 mins)
• You MAY write directly on test
• Bubble in final answers on sheet provided
– Free Response (approx 20 mins)
• Answer in parts (a), (b), (c), (d)…
• Show work when asked
• No calculators permitted
3. Homework: Complete Sec 7-1 reading/notes
4. Class meets in library CPU lab on Thursday
