Chapter 4 Ancient India Section 1
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Transcript of Chapter 4 Ancient India Section 1
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Chapter 4Ancient IndiaSection 1
The Indus and Ganges River
Valleys
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“People are often unreasonable and self-centered. Forgive them anyway.
If you are kind, people may accuse you of ulterior motives. Be kind anyway.
If you are honest, people may cheat you. Be honest anyway.
If you find happiness, people may be jealous. Be happy anyway.
The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway.
Give the world the best you have and it may never be enough. Give your best anyway.
For you see, in the end, it is between you and God. It was never between you and them anyway.” ― Mother Teresa
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Key Word and Key PlacesKey Word and Key Places
citadelmigrationtributariessubcontinentIndus River Valley
monsoon
Himalayas
Hindu Kush
Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa
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Geographical Information• Himalaya Mts. – a mountain
range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau of China
• Hindu Kush Mts.- long mountain range that stretches between central Afghanistan and northern Pakistan.
• Indus River – one of the seven sacred rivers of Hindus. Now the river flows through China (Tibet)and the rest of Pakistan.Ganges River – Great river of the plains of northern India.
• Ghats - a series of steps leading down to a body of water, particularly a holy river
• Deccan Plateau- large plateau in India, making up most of the southern part of the country.
• Thar Desert- Thar Desert is the world's seventh largest desert in NW India
• New Delhi – -capital of the Republic of India, and the seat of executive, legislative, and judiciary branches of the Government of India.
• Islands - – Andaman - archipelagic
islands [chain of islands] in the Bay of Bengal
– Nicobar - archipelagic island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean . They are located in Southeast Asia,
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Ancient India – Present Day Pakistan
Indus River
Ganges River
Himalayas – Mts.
Hindu Kush Mts
Deccan Plataeu
Arabian Sea
Bay of Bengal
Indian Ocean
** New New DelhiDelhi
Thar Desert
GHATS
GH
ATS
Andaman Island
Nicobar Island
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Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, Indus River, Ganges River, Himalayas, Hindu Kush Mts. Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, North, South, East, West, Nepal
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Have you ever gone on a hike or a walk?
If a river ran across the path you were on and there If a river ran across the path you were on and there was no bridge, what would you do? What if it was a was no bridge, what would you do? What if it was a really big, deep fast moving river?really big, deep fast moving river?Have you ever been in a desert?Have you ever been in a desert?What is something you must bring with you in the What is something you must bring with you in the desert?desert?How does a person get across a desert?How does a person get across a desert?How about mountain climbing?How about mountain climbing?How do you cross a mountain range?How do you cross a mountain range?
Rivers, deserts, mountains, and Rivers, deserts, mountains, and seas are all called what?seas are all called what?
NATURAL BARRIERSNATURAL BARRIERS
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GeographyEast of the Fertile CrescentIndia’s peninsula called a subcontinent: large landmass that juts out from a continentIndus River Valley: located b/w 2 mountain chains – Himalayas and the Hindu Kush – Today it’s Pakistan.India experiences monsoons – strong winds that blow across the region at certain times of the year.
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Geography …cont’dHimalayas – natural barrier b/w India and Asia – 1, 500 miles long – highest and youngestIndus River – formed from streams of melting snow in the spring on the Hindu Kush & Himalayas, river flows southValley had fertile plain from silt and overflowing rivers - this attracted the Aryans who were a tribe of Indo-European-speaking, horse-riding nomads - from Mesopotamia.
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Farming Economy
Had fertile land
TRIBUTARIES: small rivers that flow into a larger river
Use irrigation
Grow fruits, wheat, rice
First to grow COTTON!!!
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Virtual Tour of the Great Baths in Harappa
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Ancient Civilization
Two cities: Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa-existed along the same time as ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia
In 1920, discovered by RXR builders
DISCOVERIES:Jewels, bowls, vases, Jewels, bowls, vases, mirrors, fishhooks, mirrors, fishhooks, stone seals w/ animal stone seals w/ animal drawings on them drawings on them [animals they worshipped] What can you infer [conclude] about these people?They were highly skilled and they traded.
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Citadels
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CitadelCitadel was a fortress – center of city – used for religious and gov’t purposes
Taller than a ziggurat-temples of Mesopotamia
Used to protect the people of the Indus River Valley b/c they didn’t have any city walls.
Mohenjo-Daro – “Mound of the Dead” Mohenjo-Daro – “Mound of the Dead”
Well-planned city – no other city had ever been on that site [EX: Washington DC]
Had indoor plumbing, sewers, and constructed the citadel
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Section 2Section 2Hinduism and Ancient Hinduism and Ancient IndiaIndia
reincarnation- rebirth of the soul
dharma- the religious or moral duties of each person
Ahimsa- belief in nonviolence
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A Blend of ReligionsA Blend of ReligionsHinduism- one of the world’s major religions
A way of life for more than 850 million people in India
People were polytheists
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Hindu GodsHindu GodsThree most important are:
Brahma – the Creator
Vishnu – the Preserver
Shiva – the Destroyer
The gods take on many different forms called AVATAR – where a god will be represented as a human or animal
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Section 3 - BuddhismSection 3 - Buddhism
Key TermsMeditate
Nirvana
Missionaries – people who spread their religious beliefs to others
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The Buddha and his The Buddha and his TeachingsTeachings
Believed in meditation – to focus the mind inward in order to find spiritual awareness
Buddha: “Selfish desires cause human suffering.”
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Release from ReincarnationRelease from Reincarnation
In order to be released from the cycle of reincarnation, a person must reach nirvana – lasting peace.
How?
Tell the truth
Avoid violence and killings
Treat people fairly
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Mrs. Shrestha at her engagement party. She changed into the sari in the middle of the party.
She was married this past June 2010 to a man from Nepal.
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Chapter 5
Ancient ChinaAncient China
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North, South, East, West, Himalayas, Chang “Yangzte” River, Huang “Yellow” River, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, North China Plain, Beijing, Great Wall of China, Mongolia, Plateau of Tibet, Nepal, Russia
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Michael and Conor at the Great Wall
There are many parts to the Great Wall and different emperor's had different parts built. The total time span was many centuries. The first parts were completed about 200 BCE and the last parts were added over 200 years during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). There is no exact amount of years on the building of a large project such as the Great Wall of China. Some of it was built over 2000 years ago, several parts were added or substantially re-built over several centuries. The most recent rebuilding was about 500 years ago, except for those parts rebuilt very recently to aid tourism.
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Geographyregion: Northeast/ Eastern China = best farmland
HUANG [Yellow] RIVER VALLEY –begins in a vast plateau: area of flat land raised above surrounding land
It brought loessloess [“luss”][“luss”] – yellow-brown soil
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Geography – cont’d“China’s Sorrow” – bad flooding every 25 years- washes crops away and kills many
Early Chinese built dikes – a protective wall to hold back the waters.
It wasn’t the ideal place for a civilization.
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SHANG DYNASTYDynasty = line of rulers who belong to the same family and pass control from one generation to the next
First writings and horse-drawn carriages, and bronze work
Lasted 600 yrs
An Oracle- a special priest who is believed to receive messages from the gods.
They would write a question on the shoulder blade bone of a pig and heat it. The way the bone cracked was believed to be the answer from the gods.
*Emperors often used oracles to help them make important decisions.
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FamilyMay contain 5 generations living together.
Extended Family – closely related people
Oldest male in charge …final approval- he decided who his children would marry
Elders most respected- when they die – all the land is divided to his sons
Spirit of ANCESTORS important –shrines were built to honor them when they passed.
Some boys went to scribe school and wrote in many Chinese characters 萬里長
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Women’s Role- Women’s Role- Mulan StoryMulan StoryLower status than men
Women were bound by three obediences:
1. Obey their fathers in youth
2. Obey their husbands in marriage
3. Obey their sons in widowhood
Four virtues –QUALITIES- which also guided women:
11. Morality-. Morality- doing what is right doing what is right,,
2. 2. ModestyModesty -respecting their bodies and self -respecting their bodies and self
3.3. proper speechproper speech
4.4. domestic skillsdomestic skills -household chores -household chores
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Confucius Scholar and teacher born when China was in chaos
Believes in mutual respect
If people would treat others properly then order and peace would result.
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About Civil ServicePolice, Army, Jobs in various branches of government departments, your policeman, your firemen, some school positions: lunch, clerical
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Influence of ConfuciusInfluence of ConfuciusThe teaching of Confucius had major effects on the Chinese gov’t.
His belief became the basis for -Civil ServiceCivil Service - is the group of people who carry out the work of the gov’t.
A Merit System – a job was given to a person based on his qualification – not b/c he was the son of a gov’t official.
Candidates had to pass official tests
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Achievements:Arts:
Silk weavingBronze workPoetryArchitectureJade carvings
Great Wall- 4,160 miles long,
Qin Shin Dynasty, then the Ming Dynasty
MedicineAcupunctureAcupuncture – a treatment to treat disease w/ needlesHerbal remedies
TechnologyPaperIron plowRudderWheelbarrowcompass
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Let’s learn to count in Chinese a real Chinese woman http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD77sfgCRJI
1 “ee”
2 “ ur ”
3 “ san ”
4 “ szi ” [si]
5 “ooo”
6 “ leeoh ”
7 “ chee ”
8 “ bah ”
9 “ g-oe”
10 “ sher ”
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It’s Noodle DayCold Sesame Noodles by Chef Klein- recipe available upon requestUsing ChopsticksChopsticks with FortunesCounting to ten in Madarin
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1. Place the first chopstick in the hollow between thumb and index finger and rest its lower end below the first joint of the third finger. This chopstick remains stationary.
2. Hold the other chopstick between the tips of the index and middle fingers, steady its upper half against the base of the index finger, and use the tips of the thumb to keep it in place.
3. To pick up things, move the upper chopstick with index and middle fingers.
4. After a little practice, you will be able to use chopsticks like an expert.
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China’s New YearModern day China
Chinese Zodiac
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Rat:Rat: charming, successful, hardworking charming, successful, hardworking (2008,1996,1984,1972,1960)(2008,1996,1984,1972,1960)
Ox:Ox: patient, quiet, good listener patient, quiet, good listener (2009, 1997, 1985, (2009, 1997, 1985, 1973, 1961)1973, 1961)
Tiger:Tiger: courageous, aggressive, adventurous courageous, aggressive, adventurous (2010, (2010, 1998, 1986, 1974, 19621998, 1986, 1974, 1962))
RabbitRabbit: : trustworthy, talented, well-mannered trustworthy, talented, well-mannered (1999, (1999, 1987, 1975, 1963)1987, 1975, 1963)
DragonDragon: : powerful, energetic, confident powerful, energetic, confident (2000, 1988, (2000, 1988, 1976, 1964)1976, 1964)
SnakeSnake: : charming, mysterious, passionate charming, mysterious, passionate (2001, (2001, 1989, 1977, 1965)1989, 1977, 1965)
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HorseHorse: : cheerful, independent, skillful cheerful, independent, skillful (2002, (2002, 1990, 1978, 1966)1990, 1978, 1966)Sheep:Sheep: elegant, compassionate, kind-spirited elegant, compassionate, kind-spirited (2003, 1991, 1979, 1967)(2003, 1991, 1979, 1967)MonkeyMonkey: : mischievous, successful, adventurous mischievous, successful, adventurous (2004,1992,1980,1968)(2004,1992,1980,1968)RoosterRooster: : determined, busy, talented determined, busy, talented (2005, (2005, 1993, 1981, 1969)1993, 1981, 1969)DogDog: : honest, loyal, charismatic honest, loyal, charismatic (2006, 1994, (2006, 1994, 1982, 1970)1982, 1970)Pig:Pig: studious, quiet, affectionate studious, quiet, affectionate (2007, 1995, (2007, 1995, 1983, 1971)1983, 1971)