Chapter 36: Global Interdependence

Time Period: 1960 - Present

Lesson 1: The Impact of Science and Technology

• International Space Station (ISS) (video)

– Most ambitious cooperative space venture

– Sponsored by U.S., Russia, & 14 other nations to conduct scientific experiments in space

(Video attached)

Hubble Space Telescope(Website attached to title)

• Launched by NASA and ESA in 1990.

• Purpose: Observe & send back images of objects in remote parts of the universe.

Expanding Global Communications

• Internet (video attached)

– Started in 1990s– Original purpose:

• Scientific research

Transforming Human Life(video attached)

1) Genetic Engineering– Modification of

hereditary units in an organism

– Cloning• Creating identical

copies of DNA

(Video attached)

Transforming Human Life

1) The Green Revolution– Launched in 1960s to increase food

production worldwide– Advantages

– Helped avert famine & increase crop yields in many parts of the world

– Disadvantage– Extremely expensive

Lesson 2: Global Economic Development

Developed Nations Have the facilities for

advanced production of manufactured goods.

United States & Japan are examples. More politically stable

than emerging nations

Emerging Nations In process of being

industrialized

Majority of Asia and Latin America are examples.

Questions to Ponder1) How has the new economy affected

the lives of factory worker in the United States?

• Jobs have decreased because of technology & movement of manufacturing to emerging nations.

2) In general, how do education levels compare in developed and developing countries?

• Developed countries tend to have higher levels of education.

Economic Globalization

• Global economy examples:– Multinational corporations

• Banks (First Hawaiian, Pentagon)• Transportation corporations (Toyota,

Ford)

• Idea of free trade– As of today, even with policies in

place, it’s still being debated among nations.

Questions to Ponder

1) Why is improved technology important to multinational corporations?

• Some technologies allow use of fewer or less-educated workers.

2) Why might developed countries benefit most from globalization?

• Higher-paying jobs available; less manufacturing-related pollution

Impact of Global Development

Political ImpactExample is Persian Gulf War in 1991.

• Iraq invaded Kuwait to gain control of oil.• Allied nations were able to oust Iraq.

Environmental Impact Ozone layer has significantly

decreased over the years. Major factor: Chlorofluorocarbons

Questions to Ponder1) What was the impact of the 1991

Persian Gulf War on the environment?• Burning oil fields polluted the

environment.

2) How does United States’ dependence on foreign oil make its economy vulnerable?

• Oil is needed to keep offices, factories, & transportation systems running. The price of oil affects the price of other goods.

Sustainable Growth

• Also called “Greener Growth”• Two Goals:

1) Meeting current economic needs, while ensuring the preservation of the environment

2) Conservation of resources for future generations

Sustainable Growth: Difficult for Emerging Nations than Developed Nations

• Economy– Emerging nations need to grow economically

quicker than developed nations. • Low on food and jobs, this growth becomes more

important than environmental protection.

• Resources– Emerging nations do not have advancements

available.• A developed nation may use solar power;

emerging nations need to burn wood or coal.

Sustainable Growth: Difficult for Emerging Nations than Developed Nations

• Environment– Emerging nations have become

manufacturing sites for the industries of developed nations.• Manufacturing requires using lots of energy, thus

posing great threats to the environment.

• Political environment– Emerging nations often suffer political

instability.• Sustainable development is difficult in an unstable

environment.

Lesson 3: Global Security Issues

• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: (video hyperlink)

– Passed in 1968– Helped prevent the

proliferation of nuclear weapons (WMD) to other nations.

Video hyperlinked to image

Ethnic & Religious Conflicts

• Kurds– Dreamed of having their

own country; unfortunately their traditional lands crossed borders of Iraq, Iran, & Turkey.

– They suffered deadliest attack on an ethnic/religious group in 1988 by Iraq.

– WARNING: Video has DISTURBING images

Video hyperlinked to image

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(document attached)

• Established in 1948, prompted by the Holocaust in Europe.

• Nonbinding agreement with Helsinki Accords of 1975 (freedom of movement, & freedom to publish & exchange information).

Examples of Human Rights

1) Rights to life, liberty, & personal security

2) Right to free speech

3) Rights to religious freedom

4) Rights to political equality

5) Rights to economic opportunity

6) Rights to health

Health Issues

• Under Article 25.1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:– A decent standard of health is a basic right

• Issues that threaten this right:– Deadly epidemics such as AIDS (1980s) &

SARS (2003)• Sub-Saharan Africa still suffers most from AIDS

– Recent possible threat for 2014: MERS-CoV

Population Movement

POSITIVE REASONS• More opportunities when

a family migrates from an emerging nation to a developed nation.– They prove valuable in the

developed nation’s economy.

• Contribution to newly enriched cultures.

NEGATIVE REASONS• Refugees seeking safety• Lack of food due to

drought, natural disasters, & political oppression

Lesson 4: Terrorism(Case Study: September 11, 2001)

• Modern Terrorism Groups – What are their reasons?1) Traditional terrorists

1) Gain independence or change society

2) Religious/Cultural terrorists1) Wipe out what they consider the forces

of evil

Modern Terrorism Methods

Cyberterrorism

• Mainly political attacks• Involves hacking into

networks• Spreading computer

viruses

Modern Terrorism Methods

• Biological & Chemical Warfare– Biological involves

using virus and bacteria for attacks

– Chemical warfare involves toxic fumes and gases

• Proved difficult to stop because it’s easily acquired

Who was behind the 9/11/01 attack?

• Osama Bin Laden and his group al-Qaeda took responsibility.

• October 2001: Attack prompted USA Patriot Act to be signed into law by President G. Bush– Critics warned it

infringed on people’s civil rights.