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General Chemistry: Atoms First(McMurry/Fay/Pribush)

Chapter 3 Periodicity and the Atomic Structure of Atoms

3.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Arrange the following spectral regions in order of increasing wavelength:infrared, microwave, ultraviolet, visible.

A) microwave infrared visible ultraviolet

!) microwave visible infrared ultravioletC) ultraviolet infrared visible microwave

") ultraviolet visible infrared microwave

Answer: "

#opic: $ection 3.1 %ight and the &lectromagnetic $pectrum

') #he greater the energ( of a photon, the

A) longer the wavelength and the higher the freuenc(.

!) longer the wavelength and the lower the freuenc(.C) shorter the wavelength and the higher the freuenc(.

") shorter the wavelength and the lower the freuenc(.Answer: C


3) Arrange the following spectral regions in order of increasing energ(:

infrared, microwave, ultraviolet, visible.

A) microwave infrared visible ultraviolet

!) microwave visible infrared ultravioletC) ultraviolet infrared visible microwave

") ultraviolet visible infrared microwaveAnswer: A#opic: $ection 3.1 %ight and the &lectromagnetic $pectrum

*) +hat is the freuenc( of a heliumneon laser light with a wavelength of -3'. nm/ #he speed

of light is 3.00 10m2s.

A) *.* 101*s1

!) *.* 104s1

C) '.11 1014s1

") 1.4 1014s1

Answer: A


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4) According to the !almer5(dberg euation, electromagnetic radiation with the shortest

wavelength will be emittedwhen an electron undergoes which of the following transitions/

A) m6 1 7 n = 2!) m6 ' 7 n = 3

C) n6 ' 7 m = 1

") n6 3 7 m = 2Answer: C

#opic: $ection 3.' &lectromagnetic &nerg( and Atomic %ine $pectra

-) According to the !almer5(dberg euation, electromagnetic radiation with wavelength 8 6

*-.1 nm will be absorbedwhen an electron undergoes which of the following transitions/

A) m6 ' 7 n6 3!) m6 ' 7 n = 4

C) n6 3 7 m6 '

") n6 * 7 m6 'Answer: !

#opic: $ection 3.' &lectromagnetic &nerg( and Atomic %ine $pectra

) A person is most li9el( to eperience serious biological effects when eposed to which of the

following forms of electromagnetic radiation/

A) Microwaves

!) infraredC) ;ltraviolet

") < ra(s

Answer: "#opic: $ection 3.3 =articleli9e =roperties of &lectromagnetic &nerg(

) +hat is a uantum of light called/A) the amplitude

!) the freuenc(

C) a photon") the wavelength

Answer: C

#opic: $ection 3.3 =articleli9e =roperties of &lectromagnetic &nerg(

>) A uanti?ed variable

A) can be continuousl( varied.

!) can onl( assume certain values.C) consists of photons.

") is etremel( small.

Answer: !#opic: $ection 3.3 =articleli9e =roperties of &lectromagnetic &nerg(

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10) +hich of the following is notuanti?ed/

A) the charge on a monatomic ion

!) the distance between two ob@ectsC) the population of the ;nited $tates

") the static charge on a balloon rubbed with wool

Answer: !#opic: $ection 3.3 =articleli9e =roperties of &lectromagnetic &nerg(

11) f the following, which has the shortest de !roglie wavelength/A) an airplane moving at a velocit( of 300 mph

!) a helium nucleus moving at a velocit( of 1000 mph

C) a nitrogen molecule moving at a velocit( of 1000 mph

") a nitrogen molecule moving at a velocit( of 4000 mphAnswer: A

#opic: $ection 3.* +aveli9e =roperties of Matter

1') +hat is the de !roglie wavelength of an electron Bm 6 >.11 1031

9g) moving at a velocit(of 3.0 10m2s B10 of the speed of light)/

A) less than 3.> 101'm

!) '.* 1011m

C) 3.3 10m

") greater than 1.1 10*m

Answer: !#opic: $ection 3.* +aveli9e =roperties of Matter

13) An old copper penn( has a mass 3 10''times that of a copper atom. Compare the de

!roglie wavelength of a penn( moving at 0.4 m2s to that of a copper atom moving 10*times asfast. #he wavelength for the

A) copper atom is 3 101times that of the penn(.

!) copper atom is 3 10'-times that of the penn(.

C) penn( is 3 101times that of the copper atom.

") penn( is 3 10'-times that of the copper atom.

Answer: A#opic: $ection 3.* +aveli9e =roperties of Matter

1*) +hat is the de !roglie wavelength of a 300g ob@ect moving at a velocit( of 40 m2s Babout

100 mph)/

A) * 103m

!) * 1034m

C) * 10>m

") * 101'm

Answer: !


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14) #he wave characteristics of a large, moving ob@ect, such as an automobile, are difficult to

observe because the

A) energ( is not uanti?ed.!) energ( is uanti?ed, but the spacing between energ( levels is small.

C) wavelength is ver( large.

") wavelength is ver( small.Answer: "


1-) +hich of the following is nottrue/

A) All moving ob@ects have wave characteristics.

!) Dor ob@ects moving at a given speed, the larger the mass, the shorter the wavelength.

C) #he de !roglie relation and the Eeisenberg uncertaint( principle appl( onl( to small particles.") #he Eeisenberg uncertaint( principle is an ineualit(.

Answer: C

#opic: $ection 3.4 Quantum Mechanics and the Eeisenberg ;ncertaint( =rinciple

1) According to the Eeisenberg uncertaint( principle,A) the position of a particle cannot be measured precisel(.

!) the momentum of a particle cannot be measured precisel(.

C) neither the position nor the momentum of a particle can be measured precisel(.

") the position and momentum of a particle can be measured precisel(, but not at the same time.Answer: "


1) A baseball with a mass of 140 g is moving at a velocit( of *0 m2s B>0 mph). Ff the

uncertaint( in the velocit( is 0.1 m2s, the uncertaint( in position

A) ma( be ?ero.

!) must be less than or eual to * 1033m.

C) must be * 1033m.

") must be greater than or eual to * 1033m.

Answer: "


1>) An o(gen molecule has a mass of 4.3 10'-9g and an approimate diameter of 3.- 10

10m. Ff the molecule is moving at *00 m2s B1000 mph) with an uncertaint( in velocit( of 1 m2s,

the uncertaint( in position

A) is less than or eual to 4 10'-m.

!) must be eual to 4 10'-m.

C) must be eual to 1 10>m.

") is greater than or eual to 1 10>m.Answer: "


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'0) #he intensit( of a beam of light is related to its

A) freuenc(.

!) relative number of photons.C) speed.

") wavelength.

Answer: !#opic: $ection 3.- +ave Dunctions and Quantum Gumbers

'1) +hich of the following is true/A) #he !ohr atom is the model currentl( accepted for electrons in atoms.

!) &lectrons travel around the nucleus in circular orbits.

C) #here is a 4 chance of finding an electron in an atom outside its orbital.

") #he suare of the wave function gives the probabilit( of finding the electron.Answer: "

#opic: $ection 3.- +ave Dunctions and Quantum Gumbers

'') Dor an electron in a given atom, the larger n, the

A) larger the average distance from the nucleus and the higher the orbital energ(.!) larger the average distance from the nucleus and the lower the orbital energ(.

C) smaller the average distance from the nucleus and the higher the orbital energ(.

") smaller the average distance from the nucleus and the lower the orbital energ(.

Answer: A#opic: $ection 3.- +ave Dunctions and Quantum Gumbers

'3) +hat are the possible values of lif n6 4/A) 4

!) 0, 1, ', 3, or *

C) *, 3, ', 1, 0, H1, H', H3, or H*") 4, *, 3, ', 1, 0, H1, H', H3, H*, or H4

Answer: !

#opic: $ection 3.- +ave Dunctions and Quantum GumbersAlgo. ption: algorithmic

'*) Eow man( subshells are there in the shell with n6 -/

A) 4!) -

C) 14

") 3-Answer: !


Algo. ption: algorithmic

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'4) #he subshell designations follow the alphabet afterf. +hat is the first shell in which an h

orbital would be allowed/

A) fifth!) sith

C) seventh

") eighthAnswer: !


'-) Eow man( horbitals are allowed in a given shell/

A) 4

!) -

C) 11") 13

Answer: C


') #he number of orbitals in a given subshell, such as the 4dsubshell, is determined b( the

number of possible values ofA) n.

!) l.

C) ml.

") ms.

Answer: C#opic: $ection 3.- +ave Dunctions and Quantum Gumbers

') +hat are the possible values of nand mlfor an electron in a 4dorbital/

A) n6 1, ', 3, *, or 4 and ml6 '!) n6 1, ', 3, *, or 4 and ml6 ', 1, 0, H1, or H'

C) n6 4 and ml6 '

") n6 4 and ml6 ', 1, 0, H1, or H'

Answer: "


'>) Eow man( orbitals are there in the seventh shell/A) -

!)

C) '1

") *>Answer: "



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30) Eow man( electrons can a single orbital hold/

A) 'n

!) 'C) 'lH 1

")


31) Ff the uantum number mshad possible values I1, I', what would be the maimum number

of electrons that be placed in a single orbital/A) one

!) two

C) three") four

Answer: "


3') +hich of the following is nota valid set of uantum numbers/

A) n6 ', l6 1, ml6 0, and ms6 12'

!) n6 ', l6 1, ml6 1, and ms6 12'

C) n6 3, l6 0, ml6 0, and ms6 12'

") n6 3, l6 ', ml6 3, and ms6 12'

Answer: "#opic: $ection 3.- +ave Dunctions and Quantum Gumbers

33) An electron in a *porbital can have a wave function with which of the following set of

uantum numbers, Bn, l, ml, ms)/

A) B*, 0, 0, 12')

!) B*, 1, J1, J12')C) B4, *, 1, J12')

") B4, *, *, 12')


3*) +hich orbitals do nothave a node at the nucleus/

A) all be(ond the first shell!) all buts

C) none

")sAnswer: "

#opic: $ection 3. #he $hapes of rbitals

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34) +hich orbitals have two nodal planes passing through the nucleus/

A)s

!)pC) d

") all in the third shell

Answer: C#opic: $ection 3. #he $hapes of rbitals

3-) +hat is the number of spherical nodes in a *sorbital/A) ?ero

!) two

C) three

") fourAnswer: C


3) Dor an orbital, a node isA) the midpoint of the orbital.

!) a surface inside which there is a >0 chance of finding the electron.C) a surface where there is a maimum probabilit( of finding the electron.

") a surface where there is no chance of finding the electron.

Answer: "#opic: $ection 3. #he $hapes of rbitals

3) Dor a particular orbital, as one goes awa( from the nucleus along the ?ais, the probabilit(

densit( decreases to ?ero, then increases, and finall( decreases without increasing a second time.#his is consistent with a

A) 'sorbital.

!) 'p?orbital.

C) 'sor a 'p? orbital.

") 3sorbital.

Answer: A


3>) +hich of the following is true/ #he probabilit( densit(

A) for allsorbitals is independent of direction from the nucleus.!) for allsorbitals is independent of distance from the nucleus.

C) is independent of direction from the nucleus for 1sorbitals onl(.

") is independent of distance from the nucleus for 1sorbitals onl(.Answer: A


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*0) Dor a h(drogen atom, which electronic transition would result in the emissionof a photon

with the highest energ(/

A) 's7 3p!) 3p7 -d

C) *p7 's

") 4f7 3dAnswer: C

#opic: $ection 3. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic %ine $pectra


*1) #he !almer5(dberg euation can be etended to ions with onl( one electron, such as EeH.

Fn that case it has the form: 128 6 K'5B12m' 12n'), where K is the atomic number. +hat is the

energ( of the photon reuired to promote an electron in EeHfrom a 1sorbital to a 'porbital/

A) B32*)hcR

!) 3hcRC) *hcR

") 1'hcRAnswer: !#opic: $ection 3. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic %ine $pectra

*') +hat is the first ioni?ation energ( for a h(drogen atom in the ground state/ #he 5(dberg

constant is 1.0> 10'nm1

A) .' 103-L

!) 1.-3 10'L

C) '.1 101L

") 0.00'3 L

Answer: C#opic: $ection 3. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic %ine $pectra

*3) Dor h(drogen, what is the wavelength of the photon emitted when an electron drops from a

*dorbital to a 'porbital in a h(drogen atom/ #he 5(dberg constant is 1.0> 10'nm1.A) -4-.3 nm

!) *-.' nm

C) 3-*.- nm

") '.04 103nmAnswer: !



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**) Molecular vibrational energ( transitions are observed in the infrared, molecular rotational

transitions in the microwave, and electronic transitions in the ultravioletvisible range. +hich

transitions reuire the most energ( and which the least energ(/A) &lectronic transitions reuire the least energ( and vibrational transitions the most.

!) 5otational transitions reuire the least energ( and electronic transitions the most.

C) ibrational transitions reuire the least energ( and electronic transitions the most.") ibrational transitions reuire the least energ( and rotational transitions the most.

Answer: !


*4) #he absorption of light of freuenc( 1.1- 1011E? is reuired for C molecules to go from

the lowest rotational energ( level to the net highest rotational energ( level. "etermine the

energ( for this transition in 9L2mol. h6 -.-'- 103*L N s

A) .-> 10'39L2mol

!) 0.0*-3 9L2molC) *-.3 9L2mol

") >*> 9L2molAnswer: !#opic: $ection 3. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic %ine $pectra

*-) #he absorption of a photon of wavelength *.- 10-m is necessar( for a C molecule to

pass from the lowest vibrational energ( level to the net highest vibrational level. Ff this higher

vibrational level has an energ( of -.*1 10'0L, what is the energ( of the lowest vibrational

level/ h6 -.-'- 103*L N s

A) 1.-0 10'0L

!) '.14 10'0L

C) 3.'0 10'0L") *.'- 10'0L

Answer: !#opic: $ection 3. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic %ine $pectra

*) #he first vibrational level for GaE lies at 1.14* 10'0L and the second vibrational level

lies at 3.*0- 10'0L. +hat is the freuenc( of the photon emitted when a molecule of GaE

drops from the second vibrational level to the first vibrational level/

A) 1.*' 1013E?

!) 3.3>> 1013E?

C) 4.1*0 1013E?") -.' 1013E?

Answer: !


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*) +hich of the following represent electron configurations that violate the =auli eclusion

principle/

BA) OGeP3s13p4 B!) OrP*d1'4s'4p3 BC) OArP3d10*s'*p'

A) onl( BA)

!) onl( B!)

C) BA) and B!)") B!) and BC)Answer: !

#opic: $ection 3.> &lectron $pin and the =auli &clusion =rinciple

*>) +hich statement is false/

A) Dor an( atom, the *sorbital lies lower in energ( than the 4sorbital.

!) Dor a h(drogen atom, a *sorbital, a *porbital, and a *dorbital all have the same energ(.C) #he *sorbital lies lower in energ( than the 3dorbital for atoms , Ca, $c, and #i.

") #he *sorbital lies lower in energ( than the 3dorbital for Cu and De'H.

Answer: "

#opic: $ection 3.10 rbital &nerg( %evels in Multielectron Atoms

40) +ithin a given shell of a multielectron atom, the lower lfor an orbital, the

A) higher the orbital energ( and the higherZefffor the electron.

!) higher the orbital energ( and the lowerZefffor the electron.

C) lower the orbital energ( and the higherZefffor the electron.

") lower the orbital energ( and the lowerZefffor the electron.

Answer: C


41) Dor a multielectron atom, a 3sorbital lies lower in energ( than a 3porbital becauseA) a 3porbital has more nodal surfaces than a 3sorbital.

!) other electrons more effectivel( shield electrons in the 3sorbital from the nucleus.

C) other electrons more effectivel( shield electrons in the 3porbital from the nucleus.") there are moreporbitals thansorbitals in a given shell.

Answer: C


4') +hich has the highestZefffor its valence electrons/

A) Ga

!)

C) $i") Cl

Answer: "

#opic: $ection 3.10 rbital &nerg( %evels in Multielectron AtomsAlgo. ption: algorithmic

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43) #he s(mbol OrP represents

A) *s'*p-.

!) 1s''s''p-3s'3p-*s'*p-.

C) 1s''s''p-3s'3p-3d10*s'*p-.

") 1s''s''p-3s'3p-3d10*s'*p-*d10.

Answer: C#opic: $ection 3.11 &lectron Configurations of Multielectron Atoms

4*) +hich of the following represent electron configurations that are allowed but do not

represent groundstate configurations/

BA) OGeP3s13p4 B!) OrP*d1'4s'4p3 BC) OArP3d10*s'*p'

A) onl( BA)!) onl( B!)

C) BA) and B!)

") B!) and BC)Answer: A

#opic: $ection 3.11 &lectron Configurations of Multielectron Atoms

44) +hich of the following elements would (ou predict to have an anomalous electronconfiguration/

A) Ag

!) CeC) $e

") $r

Answer: A#opic: $ection 3.1' $ome Anomalous &lectron Configurations

4-) Mol(bdenum has an anomalous electron configuration. +rite the electron configuration ofMo using shorthand notation.

A) OrP 4s0*d-

!) OrP 4s0*d04p-

C) OrP 4s1*d4

") OrP 4s'*d*

Answer: C#opic: $ection 3.1' $ome Anomalous &lectron Configurations

4) +hat is the general valenceelectron groundstate electron configuration for neutral al9aline

earth metals/A) ns1

!) ns'

C) 1s''s1

") 1s''s'

Answer: !

#opic: $ection 3.13 &lectron Configurations and the =eriodic #ableAlgo. ption: algorithmic

1'

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4) +hat is the groundstate electron configuration of Co/

A) OArP3d>

!) OArP*s13d

C) OArP*s'3d

") OArP*s'*p-*d1

Answer: C#opic: $ection 3.13 &lectron Configurations and the =eriodic #able

4>) +hat is the groundstate electron configuration of tellurium/

A) OrP*d104s'4p*

!) OrP4s'4p-4d

C) OrP4s'4p*

") OrP*f1**d104s'4p*

Answer: A#opic: $ection 3.13 &lectron Configurations and the =eriodic #able

-0) +hich element has the groundstate electron configuration O

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-3) %ist all the elements that have a groundstate configuration with five unpaired electrons in

the 3dsubshell.

A) Mn, De, Co, Cu, and Kn!) Cr and Mn

C) Cr

") MnAnswer: !

#opic: $ection 3.13 &lectron Configurations and the =eriodic #able

-*) +hich of the following have their valence electrons in the same shell/

A) , As, !r

!) !, $i, As

C) G, As, !i") Ee, Ge, D

Answer: A



-4) +hich of the following have the same number of valence electrons/

A) , As, !r

!) !, $i, As

C) G, As, !i") Ee, Ge, D

Answer: C


--) #he element Mn has how man( valence electrons/A) '

!) 4

C) ") '4

Answer: C


-) #he element Fn has how man( valence electrons/

A) 1

!) 'C) 3

") 13


1*

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-) A neutral sulfur atom has how man( valance electrons/

A) '

!) *C) -

") 1-



->) f the following, which atom has the largest atomic radius/

A) Ga

!) Cl

C) ") !r

Answer: C

#opic: $ection 3.1* &lectron Configurations and =eriodic =roperties: Atomic 5adii


0) f the following, which atom has the smallest atomic radius/A) Mg

!) $

C) $r") #e

Answer: !

#opic: $ection 3.1* &lectron Configurations and =eriodic =roperties: Atomic 5adii


1) +hich atom in each group BF and FF) has the smallest atomic radius/BF) $r, Kr, F BFF) G, =, As

A) $rS G

!) $rS AsC) FS G

") FS As

Answer: C

#opic: $ection 3.1* &lectron Configurations and =eriodic =roperties: Atomic 5adiiAlgo. ption: algorithmic

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#wo electromagnetic waves are represented below.

') +ave Ba) has theA) longer wavelength and higher energ( than wave Bb).

!) longer wavelength and lower energ( than wave Bb).

C) shorter wavelength and higher energ( than wave Bb).") shorter wavelength and lower energ( than wave Bb).

Answer: C

#opic: e( Concept =roblems

3) +ave Ba) has the

A) longer wavelength and higher freuenc( than wave Bb).

!) longer wavelength and lower freuenc( than wave Bb).C) shorter wavelength and higher freuenc( than wave Bb).

") shorter wavelength and lower freuenc( than wave Bb).

Answer: C#opic: e( Concept =roblems

*) +ave Bb) has the

A) higher freuenc( and higher energ( than wave Ba).

!) higher freuenc( and lower energ( than wave Ba).C) lower freuenc( and higher energ( than wave Ba).

") lower freuenc( and lower energ( than wave Ba).Answer: "


4) +ave Bb) has the

A) higher amplitude and greater intensit( than wave Ba).

!) higher amplitude and wea9er intensit( than wave Ba).

C) lower amplitude and greater intensit( than wave Ba).") lower amplitude and wea9er intensit( than wave Ba).

Answer: "#opic: e( Concept =roblems

1-

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-) Ff wave Ba) represents green light, wave Bb) might represent

A) blue light.

!) red light.C) ultraviolet radiation.

")

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>) +hich of the above fourthshell orbitals is a *d'('orbital/

A) orbital Ba)

!) orbital Bb)

C) orbital Bc)") orbital Bd)


0) +hich of the above fourthshell orbitals is a *d(?orbital/

A) orbital Ba)

!) orbital Bb)C) orbital Bc)

") orbital Bd)

Answer: C


1) Dor the fourthshell orbital shown below, what are the principal uantum number, n, and theangular momentum uantum number, l/

A) n6 * and l6 0!) n6 * and l6 1

C) n6 * and l6 '

") n6 * and l6 3Answer: !


1

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') Dor the fourthshell orbital shown below, what are the principal uantum number, n, and the

angular momentum uantum number, l/

A) n6 * and l6 0

!) n6 * and l6 1

C) n6 * and l6 '

") n6 * and l6 3Answer: !


3) Dor the fourthshell orbital shown below, what are the principal uantum number, n, and the


A) n6 * and l6 0

!) n6 * and l6 1

C) n6 * and l6 '") n6 * and l6 3

Answer: C


1>

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*) Dor the fourthshell orbital shown below, what are the principal uantum number, n, and the


A) n6 * and l6 0

!) n6 * and l6 1C) n6 * and l6 '

") n6 * and l6 3


4) +hat is the groundstate valenceshell electron configuration of the group of elementsindicated b( the shaded portion of the periodic table/

A) ns'

!) ns'np'

C) ns'Bn1)d'

") ns'Bn')f'

Answer: !


'0

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-) +hat is the groundstate valenceshell electron configuration of the group of elements

indicated b( the shaded portion of the periodic table/

A) ns'

!) ns'np'

C) ns'Bn1)d'

") ns'Bn')f'Answer: C


) +hat is the groundstate valenceshell electron configuration of the group of elements

indicated b( the shaded portion of the periodic table/

A) ns'

!) ns'np'

C) ns'Bn1)d'

") ns'Bn')f'

Answer: A


'1

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) +hich element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, contains threefelectrons/

A) A

!) !C) C

") "

Answer: "


>) +hich element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, has the groundstate electron

configuration OArP*s'3d'/

A) A!) !

C) C

") "Answer: !


>0) +hich period of elements, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, has electrons whose

highest principal uantum number nis 4/

A) A

!) !C) C

") "

Answer: !#opic: e( Concept =roblems

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>1) +hich group of elements, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, has electrons with the

groundstate valenceshell electron configuration ns'np*/

A) A

!) !

C) C") "


>') +hich groups of elements, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, have two unpairedp

electrons in their valence shell/

A) A and !

!) A and CC) ! and C

") ! and "

Answer: "


'3

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>3) +hich grouping of elements, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, represents thefbloc9 elements/

A) A

!) !C) C

") "


>*) +hich grouping of elements, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, represents the d

bloc9 elements/A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: !


>4) +hich grouping of elements, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, represents thep

bloc9 elements/A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: C


>-) +hich grouping of elements, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, represents thes

bloc9 elements/A) A

!) !

C) C

") "Answer: A


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>) +hich orbitalfilling diagram violates the =auli eclusion principle/

A)

!)

C)

")

Answer: !


>) +hich orbitalfilling diagram violates EundTs rule/A)

!)

C)

")


'4

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>>) +hich orbitalfilling diagram represents the ground state of o(gen/

A)

!)

C)

")

Answer: C


100) +hich orbitalfilling diagram represents the ground state of vanadium/

A)

!)

C)

")

Answer: A


'-

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101) +hich orbitalfilling diagram represents the anomalous ground state of chromium/

A)

!)

C)

")

Answer: C


10') Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, have the orbitalfillingdiagram shown below/

A) A!) !

C) C

") "Answer: C


'

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103) Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, have the orbitalfilling

diagram shown below/

A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: A


10*) Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, have the orbitalfillingdiagram shown below/

A) A

!) !

C) C

") "Answer: "


'

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104) Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, have the orbitalfilling

diagram shown below/

A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: !


#he spheres below represent atoms of $b, As, =, and G Bnot necessaril( in that order).

10-) +hich one of these spheres represents an atom of $b/

A) sphere Ba)

!) sphere Bb)C) sphere Bc)

") sphere Bd)


10) +hich one of these spheres represents an atom of =/A) sphere Ba)

!) sphere Bb)

C) sphere Bc)") sphere Bd)

Answer: !


'>

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10) +hich one of these spheres represents an atom of G/

A) sphere Ba)


") sphere Bd)

Answer: A#opic: e( Concept =roblems

10>) +hich one of these spheres represents an atom of As/A) sphere Ba)

!) sphere Bb)

C) sphere Bc)

") sphere Bd)Answer: C


#he spheres below represent atoms of %i, !e, !, and D Bnot necessaril( in that order).

110) +hich one of these spheres represents an atom of !e/

A) sphere Ba)


") sphere Bd)

Answer: C


111) +hich one of these spheres represents an atom of D/

A) sphere Ba)!) sphere Bb)

C) sphere Bc)

") sphere Bd)


30

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11') +hich one of these spheres represents an atom of %i/

A) sphere Ba)


") sphere Bd)


113) +hich one of these spheres represents an atom of !/A) sphere Ba)

!) sphere Bb)

C) sphere Bc)

") sphere Bd)Answer: !


3.' Algorithmic Questions

1) +hat are the possible values of nand mlfor an electron in a *dorbital/

A) n6 1, ', 3, or * and ml6 '

!) n6 1, ', 3, or * and ml6 ', 1, 0, H1, or H'

C) n6 * and ml6 '

") n6 * and ml6 ', 1, 0, H1, or H'

Answer: "


') Eow man( subshells are there in the shell with n6 */A) 3

!) *

C) -

") 1Answer: !



3) +hat are the possible values of lif n6 -/

A) -

!) 0, 1, ', 3, *, or 4C) *, 3, ', 1, 0, H1, H', H3, or H*

") 4, *, 3, ', 1, 0, H1, H', H3, H*, or H4



31

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*) Eow man( orbitals are there in the fourth shell/

A) 3

!) *C) -

") 1-

Answer: "#opic: $ection 3.- +ave Dunctions and Quantum Gumbers


4) Dor a h(drogen atom, which electronic transition would result in the emissionof a photon

with the highest energ(/

A) 's7 3p

!) 'p7 -dC) -p7 *s

") f7 4d

Answer: C

#opic: $ection 3. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic %ine $pectraAlgo. ption: algorithmic

-) Dor h(drogen, what is the wavelength of the photon emitted when an electron drops from a *d

orbital to a 'porbital in a h(drogen atom/ #he 5(dberg constant is 1.0> 10'nm1.

A) -4-.3 nm!) *-.' nm

C) 3-*.- nm

") '.04 103nm

Answer: !#opic: $ection 3. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic %ine $pectra


) +hich has the highestZefffor its valence electrons/

A) %i

!) Ga

C) C

") DAnswer: "



) +hich of the following have their valence electrons in the same shell/A) %i, G, D!) !, $i, As

C) G, As, !i

") Ee, Ge, DAnswer: A



3'

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>) +hich of the following have the same number of valence electrons/

A) 5b, $b, F

!) Ra, $n, !iC) As, $b, !i

") Ar, r, !r



10) +hat is the general valenceelectron groundstate electron configuration for neutral al9aline

earth metals/

A) ns1

!) ns'

C) 1s''s1

") 1s''s'

Answer: !


11) +hich element has the groundstate electron configuration O

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1*) f the following, which atom has the smallest atomic radius/

A)

!) AsC) 5b

") $b

Answer: !#opic: $ection 3.1* &lectron Configurations and =eriodic =roperties: Atomic 5adii


14) +hich atom in each group BF and FF) has the smallest atomic radius/

BF) !a, Ef, At BFF) As, $b, !i

A) !aS As

!) !aS !iC) AtS As

") AtS !i

Answer: C

#opic: $ection 3.1* &lectron Configurations and =eriodic =roperties: Atomic 5adiiAlgo. ption: algorithmic

3.3 $hort Answer Questions

1) Compared to ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation occurs at UUUUUUUU wavelengths,UUUUUUUU freuencies, and UUUUUUUU energies.

Answer: longer, lower, lower


') #he visible region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum etends from UUUUUUUU nm to

UUUUUUUU nm.Answer: 30, 0


3) %ight behaves as if it were a stream of small particles, called UUUUUUUU, each having an

amount of energ( called a UUUUUUUU.

Answer: photons, uantum

#opic: $ection 3.3 =articleli9e =roperties of &lectromagnetic &nerg(

*) A solution to the $chrVdinger wave euation is a UUUUUUUU, or orbital, represented b( the

s(mbol W, and the probabilit( of finding an electron defined b( W within a given volume ofspace around the nucleus is UUUUUUUU.

Answer: wave function, W'


4) #he energ( of an electron in a multielectron atom depends on the uantum numbers UUUUUUUU

and UUUUUUUU.

Answer: n, l#opic: $ection 3.- +ave Dunctions and Quantum Gumbers

3*

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-) An orbital with n6 * and l6 1 is a UUUUUUUU orbital.

Answer: *p


) According to the !ohr model of the atom, when an electron goes from a higherenerg( orbit to

a lowerenerg( orbit, it UUUUUUUU electromagnetic energ( with an energ( that is eual to theUUUUUUUU between the two orbits.

Answer: emits, energ( difference


) Copper has the anomalous electron configuration UUUUUUUU.

Answer: OArP *s13d10

#opic: $ection 3.1' $ome Anomalous &lectron Configurations

>) ;sing shorthand notation, the electron configuration of Gi is UUUUUUUU.

Answer: OArP *s'3d


10) Compared to sulfur, chlorine has a UUUUUUUU effective nuclear charge,Zeff, and a UUUUUUUU

atomic radius.

Answer: higher, smaller#opic: $ection 3.1* &lectron Configurations and =eriodic =roperties: Atomic 5adii

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General Chemistry: Atoms FirstBMcMurr(2Da(2=ribush)

Chapter * Fonic !onds and $ome MainRroup Chemistr(

*.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) +hich of the species below has ' protons and '- electrons/A) De'H

!) Gi'H

C) 4*De'-

") 4*Gi'Answer: !

#opic: $ection *.1 Molecules, Fons, and Chemical !onds

') Eow man( electrons are in the ion, Kn'H/

A) '!) 30C) 3'

") -4

Answer: A#opic: $ection *.1 Molecules, Fons, and Chemical !onds

3) Eow man( electrons are in the ion, =3/

A) 1'!) 1

C) '

") 3*Answer: !



*) Fn which of the following sets do all species have the same number of electrons/

A) !r, r, $r'H

!) C, G3, '

C) Mg'H, $r'H, !a'H

") , ', 'H

Answer: A

#opic: $ection *.1 Molecules, Fons, and Chemical !ondsAlgo. ption: algorithmic

3-

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4) Fn which of the following sets do all species have the same number of protons/

A) !r, r, $r'H

!) C, G3, '

C) Mg'H, $r'H, !a'H

") , ', 'H

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.1 Molecules, Fons, and Chemical !onds


-) +hat is the identit( of element Q if the ion Q'Hcontains 10 electrons/

A) C

!) C) Ge

") Mg



) Eow man( electrons are in the ion, C3'/

A) 1-!) '

C) 30

") 3'Answer: "



) #he definitive distinction between ionic bonding and covalent bonding is that

A) ionic bonding involves a sharing of electrons and covalent bonding involves a transfer of

electrons.!) ionic bonding involves a transfer of electrons and covalent bonding involves a sharing of

electrons.

C) ionic bonding reuires two nonmetals and covalent bonding reuires a metal and a nonmetal.") covalent bonding reuires two nonmetals and ionic bonding reuires a metal and a nonmetal.

Answer: !


>) +hich of the following statements concerning ionic compounds is true/

A) &ssentiall( all ionic compounds are solids at room temperature and pressure.

!) Fonic compounds do not contain an( covalent bonds.C) Fonic compounds contain the same number of positive ions as negative ions.

") #he chemical formula for an ionic compound must show a non?ero net charge.


3

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10) Fn which set do all elements tend to form cations in binar( ionic compounds/

A) %i, !,

!) Mg, Cr, =bC) G, As, !i

") , D, Cl

Answer: !#opic: $ection *.1 Molecules, Fons, and Chemical !onds


11) Fn which set do all elements tend to form anions in binar( ionic compounds/

A) C, $, =b

!) , De, !rC) %i, Ga,

") G, , F



1') #he solid compound, Ga'C3, contains

A) GaH, C*H, and ' ions.

!) GaHions and C3'ions.

C) Ga'Hand C3'ions.

") Ga'C3molecules.

Answer: !



13) #he gas Dreon11, CCl3D, contains

A) C*H, Cl, and Dions.

!) C*H, Cl3, and Dions.

C) C*Hand Cl3D*ions.

") CCl3D molecules.

Answer: "



1*) +hat t(pe of bonding is found in the compound =Cl4/A) covalent bonding

!) h(drogen bondingC) ionic bonding

") metallic bonding



3

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14) +hich one of the following compounds contains ionic bonds/

A) Ca

!) EDC) GF3

") $i'

Answer: A#opic: $ection *.1 Molecules, Fons, and Chemical !ondsAlgo. ption: algorithmic

1-) +hich of the following is the correct chemical formula for a molecule of bromine/A) !r

!) !r

C) !rH

") !r'



1) +hich of the compounds, %i3=, =E3, C'E-, F!r3, are ionic compounds/

A) onl( C'E-!) onl( %i3=

C) %i3= and =E3

") =E3, C'E-, and F!r3

Answer: !


1) +hich of the compounds, C3E, MgCl', KnBG3)', Cl', are epected to eist as

molecules/A) onl( C3E!) C3Eand Cl'C) C3E, KnBG3)', and Cl'

") MgCl'and KnBG3)'

Answer: !


1>) +hat is the groundstate electron configuration of the ion Eg'H/

A) O

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'0) Eow man( electrons are in the outermost shell of the Fn3Hion in its ground state/

A) '

!) 3C) -

") 1

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of FonsAlgo. ption: algorithmic

'1) +hich of the following three sets consist of atoms or ions with the same electron

configuration in the ground state/

BF) ', Ge, and Mg'H

BFF) Gi, CuH, and Kn'H

BFFF) Eg, #lH, and =b'H

A) all three sets!) all but BF)

C) all but BFF)") onl( BF)Answer: C

#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of Fons

'') +hich two ions have the same electron configuration in the ground state/

A) 5bHand CsH

!) !a'Hand F

C) $e'Hand F

") De'Hand De3H

Answer: !#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of Fons

'3) +hat is the groundstate electron configuration of $e'/

A) OArP3d10*s'*p'

!) OArP3d10*s'*p*

C) OArP3d1'*s'*p*

") OArP3d10*s'*p-

Answer: "


'*) +hich ion does nothave a noble gas configuration in its ground state/

A) $c3H

!) Al3H

C) Ra3H

") As3

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of Fons


*0

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'4) +hich ion has the same electron configuration as r/

A) 5bH

!) !rJ

C) $e'J

") All of the above

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of Fons

'-) Most of the compounds of the 'H ions of the first row of the transition metals from Mn to Kn

are colored due to absorption of visible light promoting an electron from one 3dorbital to

another. +hich of these ions should tend to form colorless compounds/

A) Mn'H

!) Co'H

C) Cu'H

") Kn'H

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of Fons

') +hich ion has the smallest ionic radius/

A) %iH

!) GaH

C) H

") 5bH

Answer: A

#opic: $ection *.3 Fonic 5adii

') +hich ion has the smallest ionic radius/A) DJ

!) ClJ

C) !rJ

") FJ

Answer: A#opic: $ection *.3 Fonic 5adii

'>) Fndicate which is larger in each of the following two sets.

BF) Cr3Hor Cr BFF) $e'or $e

A) Cr3His larger than Cr and $e'is larger than $e.!) Cr3His larger than Cr and $e is larger than $e'.

C) Cr is larger than Cr3Hand $e'is larger than $e.

") Cr is larger than Cr3Hand $e is larger than $e'.

Answer: C


*1

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30) Arrange the ions G3, ', Mg'H, GaH, and Din order of increasing ionic radius, starting

with the smallest first.

A) Mg'H, GaH, D, ', G3

!) G3, Mg'H, ', GaH, D

C) G3, ', Mg'H, D, GaH

") G3, ', D, GaH, Mg'H

Answer: A


31) +hich of the following most li9el( represent the atomic radius of a Cr atom, the ionic radius

of a Cr'Hion, and the ionic radius of a Cr3Hion/

A) 1' pm for Cr, 1- pm for Cr'H, and 1>3 pm for Cr3H

!) 1' pm for Cr, 1* pm for Cr'H, and 1>3 pm for Cr3H

C) 1' pm for Cr, 10> pm for Cr'H, and -3 pm for Cr3H

") 1' pm for Cr, > pm for Cr'H, and -3 pm for Cr3H

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.3 Fonic 5adii

3') Consider %iH, D, and '. +hich ratio should be the largest/

A) Bradius %iH)2Bradius D)

!) Bradius %iH)2Bradius ')

C) Bradius D)2Bradius %iH)

") Bradius ')2Bradius %iH)

Answer: "


33) f the following, which element has the highest first ioni?ation energ(/

A) ber(llium

!) boronC) h(drogen

") lithium

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.* Foni?ation &nerg(


3*) f the following, which element has the highest first ioni?ation energ(/

A) aluminum!) magnesium

C) silicon") sodium

Answer: C

#opic: $ection *.* Foni?ation &nerg(Algo. ption: algorithmic

*'

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A) Al

!) ClC) Ga

") =

Answer: !#opic: $ection *.* Foni?ation &nerg(


3-) f the following, which element has the highest first ioni?ation energ(/

A) Ca

!) C) %i

") Mg

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.* Foni?ation &nerg(



A) Ca

!) Cl

C) Ga") $e

Answer: !

#opic: $ection *.* Foni?ation &nerg(Algo. ption: algorithmic

3) f the following, which element has the highest first ioni?ation energ(/A) Cl

!) D

C) ") $

Answer: !

#opic: $ection *.* Foni?ation &nerg(

3>) %ist the elements Ga, Ca, 5b, Cl, Ee in order of decreasing first ioni?ation energ(.

A) Ee X Cl X Ca X Ga X 5b

!) Ee X Ga X Ca X Cl X 5bC) Ee X Ga X Cl X Ca X 5b

") 5b X Ca X Cl X Ga X Ee

Answer: A#opic: $ection *.* Foni?ation &nerg(

*3

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*0) %ist the elements Cs, Ca, Ge, Ga, Ar in order of decreasing first ioni?ation energ(.

A) Ar X Ca X Cs X Ga X Ge

!) Ge X Ar X Ca X Ga X CsC) Ge X Ar X Ga X Cs X Ca

") Ge X Ga X Cs X Ca X Ar

Answer: !#opic: $ection *.* Foni?ation &nerg(

*1) +hich ioni?ation process reuires the most energ(/

A) =Bg) 7 =HBg) H e

!) =HBg) 7 ='HBg) H e

C) ='HBg) 7 =3HBg) H e

") =3HBg) 7 =*HBg) H e

Answer: "

#opic: $ection *.4 Eigher Foni?ation &nergiesAlgo. ption: algorithmic

*') +hich ioni?ation process reuires the most energ(/

A) $Bg) 7 $HBg) H e

!) $HBg) 7 $'HBg) H e

C) ClBg) 7 ClHBg) H e

") ClHBg) 7 Cl'HBg) H e

Answer: "


*3) +hich of the following species will have the highest ioni?ation energ(/A) GaH

!) Ge

C) D

") '

Answer: A


**) +hich of the following atoms with the specified electronic configurations would have thelowest first ioni?ation energ(/

A) OEeP's''p3

!) OGeP3s'3p*

C) O

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*4) +hich of the following represents the change in electronic configuration that is associated

with the first ioni?ation energ( of magnesium/

A) OGeP3s13p17 OGeP3s1H e

!) OGeP3s'7 OGeP3s13p1

C) OGeP3s'7 OGeP3s1H e

") OGeP3s'H e7 OGeP3s'3p1Answer: C

#opic: $ection *.4 Eigher Foni?ation &nergies


*-) Consider the following electron configurations for neutral atoms:

F 6 1s''s''p-3s'

FF 6 1s''s''p-3s'3p*

FFF 6 1s''s''p-3s'3p-

+hich atom would be epected to have the largest thirdioni?ation energ(/

A) atom F!) atom FF

C) atom FFF") All of these atoms would be epected to have the same third ioni?ation energ(.

Answer: A


*) +hich period 3 element has successive first through seventh ioni?ation energies B9L2mol) :i16 4Si'6 1,1Si36 ',*4Si*6 11,44Si46 1*,30Si-6 1,3-S and

i6 '3,'>3/

A) Mg

!) AlC) $") Cl

Answer: !


*) +hich liberates the most energ(/

A) %iBg) H e7 %iBg)

!) GaBg) H e7 GaBg)

C) Bg) H e7 Bg)

") 5bBg) H e7 5bJBg)Answer: A

#opic: $ection *.- &lectron Affinit(

*4

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*>) +hich liberates the most energ(/

A) !rBg) H e7 !rBg)

!) ClBg) H e7 ClBg)

C) DBg) H e7 DBg)

") FBg) 7 FBg)

Answer: !#opic: $ection *.- &lectron Affinit(

40) +hich electron affinit( process would liberate the most energ(/

A) OEeP 's'H e7 OEeP 's' 'p1

!) OEeP 's' 'p'H e7 OEeP 's' 'p3

C) OEeP 's' 'p3H e7 OEeP 's' 'p*

") OEeP 's' 'p-H e7 OEeP 's' 'p- 3s1

Answer: !


41) +hich element has the most favorable Bmost negative) electron affinit(/

A) !!) C

C) %i

") GAnswer: !


4') +hich element has the most favorable Bmost negative) electron affinit(/A) Ga

!) MgC) ") Ge

Answer: C

#opic: $ection *.- &lectron Affinit(Algo. ption: algorithmic

43) +hich element has the least favorable Bleast negative) electron affinit(/A) !

!) C

C) G

") Answer: C


*-

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4*) +hich of these elements has the most favorable Bmost negative) electron affinit(/

A) Ca

!) GC) Ge

") $

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.- &lectron Affinit(

44) +hat is the general trend in ioni?ation energ( and electron affinit( values/A) !oth decrease as one traverses a period from left to right and both decrease as one descends a

group.

!) !oth decrease as one traverses a period from left to right and both increase as one descends a

group.C) !oth increase as one traverses a period from left to right and both decrease as one descends a

group.

") !oth increase as one traverses a period from left to right and both increase as one descends a

group.Answer: C


4-) +hich of the following elements has the leasttendenc( to form an ion/

A) Ca!)

C) r

") $e

Answer: C#opic: $ection *. #he ctet 5ule


4) Eow man( valence shell electrons does an atom of aluminum have/

A) 1

!) 'C) 3

") 13

Answer: C

#opic: $ection *. #he ctet 5uleAlgo. ption: algorithmic

4) An element that has the valence electron configuration 3s'3p3belongs to which period andgroup/

A) period 3S group 3A

!) period 3S group 4AC) period *S group 3A

") period *S group 4A

Answer: !#opic: $ection *. #he ctet 5ule


*

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4>) #o reach a noble gas electron configuration how man( electrons would sulfur have to adopt/

A) 1

!) 'C) -

")


-0) +hich species does nothave an octet of electrons for its outer core/

A) C*

!) =3

C) '

") MgH

Answer: "

#opic: $ection *. #he ctet 5ule

-1) An element M reacts with chlorine to form MCl', with o(gen to form M, and with

nitrogen to form M3G'. #he most li9el( candidate for the element is

A) %i

!) MgC) Al

") $i


-') Eow man( electrons does magnesium lose and nitrogen need to form Mg3G'/

A) magnesium loses ' and nitrogen gains '!) magnesium loses ' and nitrogen gains 3

C) magnesium loses 3 and nitrogen gains '

") magnesium loses 3 and nitrogen gains 3


-3) #he octet rule is most li9el( to fail occasionall( for which of the following elements/A) C

!) G

C) Ga

") $Answer: "


*

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-*) Fn the reaction of sodium metal with chlorine gas which of the following processes releases

energ(/

A) Cl'Bg) 7 ' ClBg)

!) ClBg) H e7 ClBg)C) GaBs) 7 GaBg)

") GaBg) 7 GaHBg) H eAnswer: !

#opic: $ection *. Fonic !onds and the Dormation of Fonic $olids

-4) Calculate the energ( change for the formation of %iClBs) from its elements in their standard

states and the following tabulated information:

A) H1304. 9L2mol

!) H'>-.> 9L2mol

C) *00.3 9L2mol

") -'.' 9L2molAnswer: C


--) Calculate the lattice energ( for GaClBs) using a !ornEaber c(cle and the following

information:

A) H3*. 9L2mol

!) H->0.3 9L2molC) H.' 9L2mol

") H141' 9L2molAnswer: C#opic: $ection *. Fonic !onds and the Dormation of Fonic $olids

*>

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-) Calculate the lattice energ( for MgCl'Bs) using a !ornEaber c(cle and the following

information:

A) H-*1.- 9L2mol

!) H1'*0.4 9L2mol

C) H1'.1 9L2mol") H'4'3. 9L2mol

Answer: "


-) Calculate the energ( change for the formation of CaD'Bs) from its elements in their standard

states and the following information:

A) H*0*- 9L2mol!) >-4 9L2molC) 1'1* 9L2mol

") 3'- 9L2mol

Answer: C


40

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->) Calculate the lattice energ( for MgBs) using a !ornEaber c(cle and the following

information:

A) H1*' 9L2mol!) H'*** 9L2mol

C) H3** 9L2mol

") H*10 9L2molAnswer: C


0) Calculate the energ( change in 9L2mol for the reaction %iHBg) H DBg) 7 %iBg) H DBg) usingthe following information:

%iBg) 7 %iHBg) H e H4'0 9L2mol

DBg) H e7 DBg) 3' 9L2mol

A) * 9L2mol

!) 1>' 9L2molC) H1>' 9L2mol

") H* 9L2mol

Answer: !


1) Calculate the energ( change for the formation of Mg!r'Bs) from its elements in their

standard states:

A) 140. 9L2mol

!) '-.0 9L2molC) *>>.' 9L2mol

") 4-' 9L2mol

Answer: C#opic: $ection *. Fonic !onds and the Dormation of Fonic $olids

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') Calculate the electron affinit( for the formation of the h(dride ion from the following

information:

A) 40.1 9L2mol

!) 0.1 9L2molC) 1- 9L2mol

") 1-3' 9L2mol

Answer: !#opic: $ection *. Fonic !onds and the Dormation of Fonic $olids

3) +hich chemical process is associated with the lattice energ( for sodium chloride/

A) GaClBs) 7 GaHBg) H ClBg)!) GaClBg) 7 GaHBg) H ClBg)C) GaBs) H 12' Cl'Bg) 7 GaClBs)

") GaClBs) H E'Bl) 7 GaHBa!) H ClBa!)

Answer: A

#opic: $ection *.> %attice &nergies in Fonic $olids

*) +hich of the following ionic compounds would be epected to have the highest lattice

energ(/

A) GaD!) GaCl

C) Ga!r

") GaF

Answer: A#opic: $ection *.> %attice &nergies in Fonic $olids


4) +hich of the following ionic compounds would be epected to have the highest lattice

energ(/

A) %iCl!) GaCl

C) Cl

") 5bClAnswer: A



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-) +hich ionic compound would be epected to have the highest lattice energ(/

A) Ga'

!) MgC) Al'3") C'

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.> %attice &nergies in Fonic $olids


) +hich ionic compound would be epected to have the highest lattice energ(/

A) GaCl!) Mg

C) AlD3

") Al'3

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.> %attice &nergies in Fonic $olids

) +hich ionic compound would be epected to have the highest lattice energ(/

A) %i'

!) Ga''C) '") 5b'

Answer: A


>) +hat is the most li9el( charge on an ion of phosphorus, =/

A) 4!) 3C) 3H

") 4H

Answer: !#opic: $ection *.10 Gaming Fonic Compounds

0) +hich element can form more than one 9ind of monatomic ion/A) Ca

!) Cl

C) Cr

") CsAnswer: C

#opic: $ection *.10 Gaming Fonic Compounds

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1) +hich element can form more than one 9ind of monatomic ion/

A) $

!) $eC) $n

") $r

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.10 Gaming Fonic Compounds

') +hat are the names of the ions !a'H, $n'H, and $e'/

A) barium, tin, and selenium!) barium, tinBFF), and selenide

C) bariumBFF), tinBFF), and seleniumBFF)

") barous, stannous, and selenideAnswer: !


3) +hat is the charge on the Cr in the ionic compound Cr'3/A) '

!) 1H

C) 'H") 3H

Answer: "

#opic: $ection *.10 Gaming Fonic CompoundsAlgo. ption: algorithmic

*) %i'$ is named

A) lithium disulfide.

!) lithium sulfide.C) lithiumBFF) sulfide.

") lithium sulfur.Answer: !



4) +hat is the chemical formula for strontium h(dride/

A) $rE'

!) $rE

C) $rE'

") $rBE)'Answer: A



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-) #he chemical formula for calcium nitride is

A) CaBG3)'.

!) CaBG')'.

C) Ca3G'.

") CaG'.

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.10 Gaming Fonic Compounds


) #he chemical formula for the sulfite ion is

A) $.

!) $'.

C) $3'.

") $*'.

Answer: C


) #he thiosulfate ion is

A) E$.

!) E$*'.

C) $4'.

") $'3'.

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.10 Gaming Fonic Compounds

>) #he ion G'is named

A) nitrate ion.!) nitrite ion.

C) nitrogen dioide ion.

") nitrogenBFF) oide ion.



>0) #he ions Cl*, Cl

3, Cl

', and Clare named respectivel(

A) h(pochlorate, chlorate, chlorite, perchlorite.

!) h(pochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate.

C) perchlorate, chlorate, chlorite, h(pochlorite.

") perchlorite, chlorite, chlorate, h(pochlorate.Answer: C


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>1) +hat is the chemical formula for strontium h(droide/

A) $rE'

!) $rEC) $rE'") $rBE)'

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.10 Gaming Fonic Compounds


>') +hat is the chemical formula for ironBFF) phosphate/

A) De'=

!) De'=*

C) De3='

") De3B=*)'Answer: "


>3) E'=*is

A) h(dropotassium phosphate.

!) potassium dih(drogen phosphate.C) potassium diphosphate.

") potassium h(drogenBFF) phosphate.


>*) #he compound, CuBCl3)', is namedA) copper chlorateBFF).!) copperBF) chlorate.

C) copperBF) chlorateBFF).

") copperBFF) chlorate.Answer: "



>4) #he chemical formula for potassium peroide is

A) E.

!) '.C) '.

") ''.

Answer: "



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>-) +hich al9ali metal forms preferentiall( an oide rather than a peroide or superoide/

A) %i

!) GaC)

") 5b

Answer: A#opic: $ection *.11 $ome Chemistr( of the Rroup 1A &lements: Al9ali Metals

>) +hich al9ali metal forms preferentiall( a peroide and superoide/A) %i

!) Ga

C)

") MgAnswer: C

#opic: $ection *.11 $ome Chemistr( of the Rroup 1A &lements: Al9ali Metals

>) +hich is nota chemical reaction of the al9ali metal sodium/A) * GaBs) H ' 'Bg) 7 ' Ga'Bs) H Ga''Bs)

!) ' GaBs) H ' GE3Bl) 7 ' GaGE'Bsol) H E'Bg)

C) ' GaBs) H Cl'Bg) 7 ' GaClBs)

") ' GaBs) H ' E'Bl) 7 ' GaEBa!) H E'Bg)

Answer: A#opic: $ection *.11 $ome Chemistr( of the Rroup 1A &lements: Al9ali Metals

>>) An incorrect statement about the al9aline earth metals is:

A) Melting points generall( decrease as one descends the group.

!) "ensities are less than those of the corresponding al9ali elements of the same period.

C) Fonic radii of the M'Hion increases as one descends the group.") #he first ioni?ation energ( is less than that of the second ioni?ation energ(.

Answer: !

#opic: $ection *.1' $ome Chemistr( of the Rroup 'A &lements: Al9aline &arth Metals

100) +hich is notgenerall( considered to be a chemical reaction of the al9aline earth metal

calcium/

A) CaBs) H Cl'Bg) 7 CaCl'Bs)

!) ' CaBs) H ' E'Bl) 7 ' CaBE)'Ba!) H E'Bg)

C) - CaBs) H ' G'Bg) 7 ' Ca3G'Bs)

") CaBs) H 'Bg) 7 Ca'Bs)Answer: "


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101) +hich is notgenerall( considered to be a chemical reaction of the al9aline earth metal

magnesium/

A) ' MgBg) H 'Bg) 7 ' MgBs) at room temperature

!) 3 MgBs) H G'Bg) 7 Mg3G'Bs) at elevated temperatures

C) MgBs) H ' E'Bl) 7 MgBE)'Bs) H E'Bg) at room temperature

") MgBs) H D'Bg) 7 MgD'Bs) at room temperatureAnswer: C


10') +hich al9aline earth metal reacts the most vigorousl( with water at room temperature/

A) !e

!) CaC) !a

") $r

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.1' $ome Chemistr( of the Rroup 'A &lements: Al9aline &arth Metals

103) Rroup 'A metals tend to be somewhat less reactive than al9ali metals, and the order of their

reactivit( isA) !a X $r X Ca X Mg X !e.

!) !e X Mg X Ca X $r X !a.

C) Ca X Mg X !e X !a X $r.") $r X Ca X Mg X !e X !a.

Answer: A


10*) =redict the productBs) when the reactants !eBs) H !r'Bl) are mied.

A) !e!rBs)

!) !e!r'Bs)

C) !e'!rBs)

") !e!r3Bs)

Answer: !


104) +hich of the following elements is a liuid at room temperature/

A) fluorine

!) chlorine

C) bromine") iodine

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.13 $ome Chemistr( of the Rroup A &lements: Ealogens

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10-) +hich of the following elements is a solid at room temperature/

A) fluorine

!) chlorineC) bromine

") iodine

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.13 $ome Chemistr( of the Rroup A &lements: Ealogens

10) +hich group of elements are found as diatomic molecules/A) al9ali metals

!) al9aline earth metals

C) halogens

") noble gasesAnswer: C

#opic: $ection *.13 $ome Chemistr( of the Rroup A &lements: Ealogens

10) Metals tend to react with the halogens to form metal halides. +hat is the reactivit( order forthe halogens/

A) D'X Cl'X !r'X F'

!) Cl'X D'X !r'X F'

C) !r'X F'X Cl'X D'") F'X !r'X Cl'X D'Answer: A


10>) +hich of the h(drogen halide acids is used to etch glass/

A) ED

!) EClC) E!r") EF

Answer: A


110) +hich of the following statements about helium is inconsistent with its chemistr(/

A) A helium o(gen miture is used as a deepsea diving gas instead of compressed air.!) Fn its liuid form it is used as a cr(ogenic coolant for superconductors.

C) Ft is one of the more reactive elements of its group.

") Fts melting point is ''.'YC and its boiling point is '-.>YC.

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.1* $ome Chemistr( of the Rroup A &lements: Goble Rases

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111) +hich statement is inconsistent with the chemistr( of the noble gases/

A) !oth helium and radon are radioactive.

!) Eelium and neon are both lighter than air.C) Geon and argon are used in decorative or designer lights.

")

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11>) +hich of the above pictures best represents a solid ionic compound/

A) picture Ba)

!) picture Bb)C) picture Bc)

") picture Bd)


1'0) +hich of the above pictures best represents a gaseous covalent compound/

A) picture Ba)!) picture Bb)

C) picture Bc)") picture Bd)

Answer: "


1'1) +hich of the above pictures are more li9el( to represent ionic compounds/

A) pictures Ba) and Bb)!) pictures Ba) and Bd)

C) pictures Bb) and Bc)

") pictures Bb) and Bd)

Answer: C


1'') +hich of the above pictures are more li9el( to represent covalent compounds/A) pictures Ba) and Bb)

!) pictures Ba) and Bd)

C) pictures Bb) and Bc)") pictures Bb) and Bd)

Answer: !


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&ach of the pictures Ba)Bd) represents one of the following substances at '4YC: potassium,

fluorine, iodine, potassium fluoride, not necessaril( in that order.

1'3) +hich picture corresponds to potassium/

A) picture Ba)

!) picture Bb)


Answer: !


1'*) +hich picture corresponds to fluorine/


C) picture Bc)

") picture Bd)


1'4) +hich picture corresponds to iodine/



Answer: C


1'-) +hich picture corresponds to potassium fluoride/

A) picture Ba)


") picture Bd)Answer: A#opic: e( Concept =roblems

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Fn the following drawings, shaded spheres represent cations and unshaded spheres represent

anions.

1') +hich drawing represents the ionic compound Mg3B=*)'/

A) drawing Ba)

!) drawing Bb)C) drawing Bc)

") drawing Bd)

Answer: "


1') +hich drawing represents the ionic compound Ga'C3/

A) drawing Ba)


") drawing Bd)


1'>) +hich drawing represents the ionic compound CaCl'/

A) drawing Ba)!) drawing Bb)

C) drawing Bc)

") drawing Bd)Answer: C


130) +hich drawing represents the ionic compound G3/

A) drawing Ba)

!) drawing Bb)

C) drawing Bc)

") drawing Bd)Answer: A


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131) +hich drawing represents the ionic compound GE*Cl*/

A) drawing Ba)


") drawing Bd)


13') +hich element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, has a 'H ion with the

electron configuration OArP3d10/A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: C


133) +hich element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, has a 1H ion with the

electron configuration

A) A!) !

C) C

") "


13*) +hich element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, has a 3H ion with the

electron configuration OrP*d4/A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: !


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134) +hich element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, has a 3H ion with the

electron configuration 1s' 's' 'p- 3s' 3p-/

A) A!) !

C) C

") "Answer: A#opic: e( Concept =roblems

13-) Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, are epected to have thelargest atomic radius/

A) A

!) !C) C

") "


13) Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, is epected to have thesmallest atomic radius/A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: C


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#he following four spheres represent a metal atom, a nonmetal atom, a monatomic anion and a

monatomic cation, not necessaril( in that order.

13) Fn the reaction shown, which sphere most li9el( represents the metal atom/A) A

!) !

C) C") "


13>) Fn the reaction shown, which sphere most li9el( represents the nonmetal atom/

A) A!) !

C) C

") "Answer: !


1*0) Fn the reaction shown, which sphere most li9el( represents the monatomic anion/A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: "


1*1) Fn the reaction shown, which sphere most li9el( represents the monatomic cation/

A) A!) !

C) C") "


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1*') #he following four spheres represent a Ga atom, a GaHion, a Cl atom, and a Clion, not

necessaril( in that order. ;se (our 9nowledge about the relative si?es of atoms, cations, and

anions to determine which of the following sets of reactions is most consistent with the si?es ofthe atoms and ions shown below.

A) A 7 ! H eand C 7 " H e

!) A 7 ! H eand " 7 C H e

C) ! 7 A H eand C 7 " H e

") ! 7 A H eand " 7 C H e


1*3) #he following four spheres represent an Mg atom, an Mg'Hion, a $ atom, and a $'ion,not necessaril( in that order. ;se (our 9nowledge about the relative si?es of atoms, cations, and

anions to determine which of the following sets of reactions is most consistent with the si?es of

the atoms and ions shown below.

A) A 7 ! H 'eand C 7 " H 'e

!) A 7 ! H 'eand " 7 C H 'e

C) ! 7 A H 'eand C 7 " H 'e

") ! 7 A H 'eand " 7 C H 'e

Answer: A


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#he four spheres below represent GaH, Mg'H, D, and ', not necessaril( in that order.

1**) +hich sphere most li9el( represents the Gaion/A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: !


1*4) +hich sphere most li9el( represents the Mg'Hion/

A) A

!) !

C) C") "

Answer: A


1*-) +hich sphere most li9el( represents the Dion/

A) A

!) !C) C

") "Answer: C


1*) +hich sphere most li9el( represents the 'ion/A) A

!) !

C) C

") "


->

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#he four spheres below represent H, Ca'H, Cl, and $', not necessaril( in that order.

1*) +hich sphere most li9el( represents the Hion/

A) A

!) !

C) A or !") C or "

Answer: !


1*>) +hich sphere most li9el( represents the Ca'Hion/

A) A

!) !C) A or !

") C or "


140) +hich sphere most li9el( represents the Clion/

A) A

!) !C) A or !

") C or "


141) +hich sphere most li9el( represents the $'ion/A) A

!) !

C) A or !") C or "


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14') Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, would be epected

to have the smallest first ioni?ation energ(,i1/

A) A

!) !C) C

") "


143) Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, would be epected

to have the highest first ioni?ation energ(,i1/

A) A

!) !

C) C

") "Answer: C


14*) Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, would be epectedto have the highest second ioni?ation energ(,i'/

A) A!) !

C) C

") "Answer: A


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144) Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table above, would be epected

to have the lowest second ioni?ation energ(,i'/

A) A!) !

C) C

") "Answer: C#opic: e( Concept =roblems

14-) Atoms of which element, indicated b( letter on the periodic table, would be epected tohave the most negative value ofea/

A) A!) !

C) C

") "


14) +hat is the li9el( formula for the binar( compound formed from the elements represented

b( letters A and C on the periodic table above/A) AC

!) A'C

C) AC'

") A'C3

Answer: A


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14) +hat is the li9el( formula for the binar( compound formed from the elements represented

b( letters A and " on the periodic table above/

A) A"!) A'"

C) A"'

") A'"3Answer: C


14>) +hat is the li9el( formula for the binar( compound formed from the elements represented

b( letters ! and " on the periodic table above/A) !"

!) !3"

C) !"3

") !'"3


1-0) +hat is the li9el( formula for the binar( compound formed from the elements represented

b( letters ! and C on the periodic table above/A) !C

!) !3C

C) !C3

") !'C3


#he following pictures represent al9ali halide salts.

1-1) +hich salt has the highest lattice energ(/

A) picture Ba)


") picture Bd)


3

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1-') +hich salt has the lowest lattice energ(/

A) picture Ba)


") picture Bd)


1-3) +hat is the name for the group of elements indicated b( the shaded portion of the periodictable/

A) al9ali metals

!) al9aline earth metals

C) innertransition metals") transition metals

Answer: A


1-*) +hat is the name for the group of elements indicated b( the shaded portion of the periodictable/

A) al9ali metals

!) al9aline earth metalsC) innertransition metals

") transition metals


*

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1-4) +hat is the name for the group of elements indicated b( the shaded portion of the periodic

table/

A) al9aline earth metals!) group 3A elements

C) halogens

") noble gases


1--) +hat is the name for the group of elements indicated b( the shaded portion of the periodic

table/

A) al9aline earth metals!) group 3A elements

C) halogens

") noble gasesAnswer: "


4

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*.' Algorithmic Questions

1) +hich of the following is the correct chemical formula for a molecule of astatine/A) At

!) At

C) AtH") At'



') +hich one of the following compounds contains ionic bonds/

A) $r

!) E !r

C) = !r3") $i'Answer: A



3) +hat t(pe of bonding is found in the compound D'/

A) covalent bonding

!) h(drogen bondingC) ionic bonding

") metallic bonding

Answer: A


*) Fn which set do all elements tend to form anions in binar( ionic compounds/

A) C, $, =b

!) , De, !rC) %i, Ga,

") G, , F

Answer: "


4) +hich of the compounds, %i3G, GE3, C3E, F D3are ionic compounds/

A) onl( C3E!) onl( %i3GC) %i3G and GE3") GE3, C3E, and F D3

Answer: !



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-) +hich of the compounds CE*, $rCl', CrBG3)3,

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11) Fn which of the following sets do all species have the same number of electrons/

A) D, Ge, Mg'H

!) Re, $e', !r

C) H, 5bH, CsH

") !r, !r, !rH

Answer: A#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of Fons


1') Fn which of the following sets do all species have the same number of protons/

A) D, Ge, Mg'H

!) Re, $e', !r

C) H, 5bH, CsH

") !r, !r, !rH

Answer: "

#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of FonsAlgo. ption: algorithmic

13) +hich ion does nothave a noble gas configuration in its ground state/

A) $c3H

!) Al3H

C) Ra3H

") As3

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of Fons


1*) +hat is the identit( of element Q if the ion Q'Hcontains 10 electrons/

A) C

!)

C) Ge") Mg

Answer: "

#opic: $ection *.' &lectron Configurations of FonsAlgo. ption: algorithmic

14) f the following, which element has the highest first ioni?ation energ(/A) magnesium

!) sodium

C) aluminum

") lithiumAnswer: C



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1-) f the following, which element has the highest first ioni?ation energ(/

A) ber(llium

!) boronC) carbon

") lithium

Answer: C#opic: $ection *.* Foni?ation &nerg(



A) Al

!) Cl

C) Ga") =

Answer: !



1) f the following, which element has the highest first ioni?ation energ(/A) $r

!) 5b

C) Ga") Ca

Answer: "



1>) f the following, which element has the highest first ioni?ation energ(/A) $r

!) !r

C) ") #e

Answer: !



'0) +hich ioni?ation process reuires the most energ(/

A) +Bg) 7 +HBg) H e

!) +H

Bg) 7 +'H

Bg) H e

C) +'HBg) 7 +3HBg) H e

") +3HBg) 7 +*HBg) H e

Answer: "



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'1) +hich ioni?ation process reuires the most energ(/

A) Bg) 7 HBg) H e

!) HBg) 7 'HBg) H e

C) DBg) 7 DHBg) H e

") DHBg) 7 D'HBg) H e

Answer: "#opic: $ection *.4 Eigher Foni?ation &nergies


'') +hich of the following species will have the highest ioni?ation energ(/

A) H

!) Ar

C) Cl

") $'

Answer: A


'3) +hich of the following represents the change in electronic configuration that is associated

with the first ioni?ation energ( of strontium/

A) O rP 4s14p17 O rP 4s1H e

!) O rP 4s'7 O rP 4s14p1

C) O rP 4s'7 O rP 4s1H e

") O rP 4s'H e7 O rP 4s'4p1

Answer: C



'*) +hich element has the highest Bmost negative) electron affinit(/A) Ga

!) Mg

C)

") GeAnswer: C



'4) Eow man( valence shell electrons does an atom of indium have/A) 1!) '

C) 3

") *>Answer: C



0

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'-) +hich of the following elements has the leasttendenc( to form an ion/

A) Ca

!) C) r

") $e

Answer: C#opic: $ection *. #he ctet 5ule


') An element that has the valence electron configuration -s'-p-belongs to which period andgroup/

A) period -S group -A

!) period -S group AC) period S group -A

") period S group A

Answer: !

#opic: $ection *. #he ctet 5uleAlgo. ption: algorithmic

') +hich of the following ionic compounds would be epected to have the highest latticeenerg(/

A) %iD

!) %iClC) %i!r

") %iF

Answer: A#opic: $ection *.> %attice &nergies in Fonic $olids


'>) +hich of the following ionic compounds would be epected to have the highest lattice

energ(/

A) %iCl!) GaCl

C) Cl

") 5bClAnswer: A



30) +hich ionic compound would be epected to have the highest lattice energ(/

A) 5b'

!) $r C) Fn'3") C 'Answer: C



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31) #he solid compound, Ga'C3, contains

A) GaH, C*H, and 'ions.

!) GaHions and C3' ions.

C) Ga'H and C3' ions.

") Ga'C3molecules.



*.3 $hort Answer Questions

1) #he bonding in Mg is UUUUUUUU, whereas the bonding in C is UUUUUUUU.

Answer: ionic, covalent#opic: $ection *.1 Molecules, Fons, and Chemical !onds

') ;sing shorthand notation, the groundstate electron configuration for $r'H

is predicted to beUUUUUUUU.Answer: OrP


3) ;sing shorthand notation, the groundstate electron configuration for C*Jis predicted to beUUUUUUUU.

Answer: OGeP


*) #he ionic radius of CsHis UUUUUUUU than the atomic radius of Cs, and the ionic radius of FJis

UUUUUUUU than the atomic radius of F.Answer: smaller, larger#opic: $ection *.3 Fonic 5adii

4) #he element in period * with the smallest first ioni?ation energ( is UUUUUUUU.

Answer: potassium,


-) #he element in period 3 with the smallest seventh ioni?ation energ( is UUUUUUUU.

Answer: chlorine, Cl


) #he element in group A with the least favorable Bleast negative) electron affinit( is

UUUUUUUU.Answer: At


'

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) #he group *A element that alwa(s obe(s the octet rule in its stable compounds is UUUUUUUU.

Answer: carbon, C


>) %attice energ( increases with UUUUUUUU cation and anion charges and UUUUUUUU cation and

anion radii.Answer: increasing, decreasing


10) =hosphate ion has the formula UUUUUUUU.

Answer: =*3J


11) #he formula of ironBFFF) oide contains UUUUUUUU ironBFFF) and UUUUUUUU oide ions.Answer: ',

Chapter 3,4,5 Test_2

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