Chapter 33.3: The Respiratory System. Structures of the Respiratory System -Nose -Warms incoming air...
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Transcript of Chapter 33.3: The Respiratory System. Structures of the Respiratory System -Nose -Warms incoming air...
Structures of the Respiratory System- Nose
- Warms incoming air- Hairs trap larger particles- Mucus moistens air
- Pharynx- Connects nose and mouth to the
trachea- Epiglottis
- Closes off trachea to prevent inhalation of solids or liquids
- Larynx- Contains vocal cords
Structures of the Respiratory System- Trachea
- Stiff tube that connects pharynx to bronchi
- Bronchi- Tubes that split from trachea to
each lung- Lungs
- Contain bronchioles and alveoli- Bronchioles
- Tubes that split from bronchi into smaller tubes in the lungs
- Alveoli- Are tiny sacs where gas exchange
occurs
Gas Exchange- Occurs in the alveoli
- Oxygen diffuses into the blood- Carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs- This occurs because there is less oxygen in
the blood, and less carbon dioxide in the lungs
Gas Transport- Oxygen
- Is carried by hemoglobin from the lungs to the body
- A protein in red blood cells that can bind 4 oxygens
- Carbon Dioxide- Can be carried by hemoglobin- Can be carried in the blood plasma
- Is converted into carbonic acid first- Moves from the body to the lungs
Breathing- Uses the lungs, intercostal muscles,
and the diaphragm
- Inhalation- Diaphragm contracts and flattens- Intercostal muscles pull the ribs up
and out- Air pressure in the chest becomes less
than atmospheric pressure- Lungs expand, and air rushes in
Breathing- Exhalation
- Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
- Causes lungs to shrink- Air pressure in the lungs becomes
greater than atmospheric pressure- Air rushes out of the lungs
Breathing and Homeostasis- Breathing can be consciously
controlled
- Breathing is also unconsciously controlled
- By the breathing center in the brain- Monitors carbon dioxide levels- Forces breathing when carbon dioxide
levels get too high
Smoking and the Lungs- Puts nicotine, carbon monoxide, and
tar into lungs- Causes several diseases
- Chronic Bronchitis- Bronchi are enflamed and clogged with
mucus- Emphysema
- Breakdown of lung tissue means that gas exchange becomes impossible
- Lung Cancer- Can easily spread to other nearby organs
- Affects the circulatory system- Raises blood pressure which causes the
heart to work harder