Chapter 32 Floor Systems and Foundation Support. 2 Links for Chapter 32 Slab Construction...
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Transcript of Chapter 32 Floor Systems and Foundation Support. 2 Links for Chapter 32 Slab Construction...
Chapter 32
Floor Systems and Foundation Support
2
Links for Chapter 32
Slab Construction
Reinforcing Concrete
Crawl Spaces
3
Slab Construction
• Most foundation floors are concrete slabs– Usually 5” or 6” thick
– Does not support walls
– Poured as an extension of the foundation wall and footing
SIDE VIEW
SEISMIC CONDITIONS.ON THE SOIL TYPE ANDBE REQUIRED DEPENDINGREINFORCEMENT MAY
PLAN VIEW
TO RESIST CRACKINGOPTIONAL WIRE MESH
4
Slab Construction
• Slab joints help control natural expansion and shrinkage of concrete slabs– Control joints are cut 6-8 hours after concrete is
poured to be sure cracking occurs along the cut– Isolation joints separate a slab from another
slab, wall, column or other structural part– Construction joints are made to support the joint
between two slabs
5
Slab Construction
JOINTCONTROL
JOINTCONSTRUCTIONISOLATION
JOINT
6
Slab Construction
• Slabs are placed above, below, or at grade level– Above grade slabs are indicated with a note
– Below grade slabs are used in basements
– At grade level slabs must be at least 8” above the grade to keep away from moisture
7
Slab Construction
• Slabs are poured after the footings have been set
• At least 4” of sand or gravel fill is placed under the slab
• Slab fill is given as a note on the plans
8
Reinforcing Concrete
• To help resist cracking, welded wire fabric is placed in the slab and noted as:– 6 X 12—W16 X W8
• 6 = longitudinal wire spacing• 12 = transverse wire spacing• 16 = longitudinal wire size• 8 = transverse wire size
9
Reinforcing Concrete
• To help resist cracking, welded wire fabric is placed in the slab and noted as:– 6 X 12—W16 X W8
• W indicates smooth wire• D represents deformed wire
10
Reinforcing Concrete
2 x 12 SOLID BLOCK ( D.F.P.T.)
4 x 4 D.F.P.T. SILL W/
111
1'-10" 8" 1'-0"
3"3"
3" CLR.
6" MIN.SOIL COVER
12"
2"
2 x 12 D.F.P.T. F.J. @ 12" O.C.
5" CONC. SLAB DRIVEWAY APPROACHON 5" COMP CRUSHED ROCK ONROLLED SUBGRADE
3/4" DIA. A.B. @ 24" O.C.
A-35 EA.SIDE OFEA. JST.
COMPACTED1" MINUS ROCK
4" DIA. DRAIN IN 1" MINUS WRAPPED IN FILTER FABRIC
#4DIA x 3'-0" @ 12"O.C.
#4 @ 12" O.C.
3'-6"
5" CONC . SLAB W/ #4 D IA @12" O.C EA. WA Y CENTERED IN SLAB OV ER 55# FELT AND 3/4" PLY.
8 x 36STEEL PILE
4 x 4 STEELBRACE BTWN.PILES. SEEFND. PLAN
TS 6 x 6 x 1/4 STEEL COL.
W 16 x 40
3 x 6 DFPTSILL
3/4" ROD
11
Reinforcing Concrete• To resist expansive soil, steel reinforcing bars
are added to the slab– A 3” minimum coverage is needed if concrete
is exposed to earth– A 2” minimum coverage is needed in
basements– A 1 1/2” coverage is needed when concrete is
not exposed to earth
12
Reinforcing Concrete
• Post-tensioning is used when concrete is poured on unstable soil
• Steel tendons are placed in the concrete as it is poured
• About 3 to 10 days later the tendons are stretched creating an internal compressive force that helps the concrete resist cracking
13
Reinforcing Concrete
• Flat slab and ribbed slab are most common forms of post-tensioned concrete– Flat slab tendons range from 3/8” to 1/2” and
are spaced 5’-0” to 9’-0” apart
– A ribbed slab uses ribs or beams under the slab to reduce the span of the slab over the soil and increase support
14
Reinforcing Concrete
4" CONCRETE SLAB OVER.006 PLASTIC VAPOR BARRIEROVER 1" SAND FILL OVER 4"GRAVEL BASE.
7/16" DIA. x 270k TENDON @ 7'-0" O.C. 2" UP FROM BOTTOM OF SLAB.
115
152
PLASTIC HIGH CHAIR
TENDON-SPECIFY DIAMETER, STRENGTH AND DEPTH.
ANCHOR- SPECIFY DEPTH AND COVERAGE.
15
Reinforcing Concrete
• Slabs are placed on 6 mil polyethylene sheet plastic to protect against ground moisture
• Depending on the climate, additional rigid insulation is added under the slab
• Plumbing and heating components are placed under the slab
16
Reinforcing Concrete
1'-6UNDER SLAB4" X 12" DUCT
REG.12" X 6" HT.
17
Reinforcing Concrete
• Dimensions are added to these components– Outline of slab
– Interior footing locations
– Changes in floor level
– Floor drains
– Exterior footing locations
18
Crawl Spaces
• Crawl spaces are at least 18” from bottom of floor and 12” from bottom of joists
• Floor joists span the foundation walls– Usually build from 2 X 6 to 2 X 12 or from
engineered lumber
– Nailed to pressure-treated sill plate or flush to the sill plate
19
Crawl Spaces6" X 12"
6"
VAPOR BARRIERCOVERED W/ .006 BLACK18" MIN. CRAWL SPACE
SHIELD @ WALL / PL. INTERSECTION.PROVIDE METAL TERMITE
4 X 10 D.F.L. GIRDERON 4 X 4 POST ( 4X6@ SPLICE) ON 55# FELT & 30" DIA. CONC. PIERS.
2 X 6 D.F.P.T. SILL W/1/2" x 10" A.B. @ 6'-0" O.C.MAX. 7" MIN INTO CONC.W/ 2" DIA. WASHERS.
1/2" AIR SPACE @ENDS AND SIDES W/ 55# FELT. PROVIDE3" MIN. BEAR.
18" X 6"SCREENEDCLOSABLEVENT @ 10'O.C. 3' MAXFROM EA.CORNER.
30" X 18" MIN.COVERD CRAWLACCESS.
LINE OF FLOORABOVE
20
Crawl Spaces• A plywood subfloor is placed
on the joists• Girders are used if the joist
span distance is too great and are supported by a pier
4 x 4 POST & 55# FELT ON18" DIA. x 8" DP. CONC. PIER TYP.
4 x 8 GIRDER W/ GUSSET ON
3" MIN. BEARING W/ 1/2" CLR.ALL SIDES. WRA P W/ 55# FELT
ALL SIDES. WRA P W/ 55# FELT3" MIN. BEARING W/ 1/2" CLR.
4 x 4 POST & 55# FELT ON18" DIA. x 8" DP. CONC. PIER TYP.
4 x 8 GIRDER W/ GUSSET ON
21
Crawl Spaces
CONCRETE BLOCKSTEM WALL
POURED CONCRETESTEM WALL
CONCRETE / JOISTCONNECTION
CANTILIVEREDFLOOR JOIST
GIRDER
JACK STUDS
FLOOR JOIST
FLOOR JOIST
INTERIOR FLOORCHANGE
PIER POST ON55 # FELT
55 # FELTPOST ON
INTERIOR SUPPORT
PIER
FLOOR JOIST
GIRDER
SOLID BLOCK
STEEL DOWEL
FLOOR JOISTFLOOR JOIST
FLOOR JOIST FLOOR JOIST FLOOR JOIST
SOLID BLOCK
INTERIOR SUPPORTW/ METAL POST BASEW/ STEEL ROD
CONCRETE / JOISTCONNECTION
METAL FLASHING
FILL MATERIAL
SOLID BLOCKFLOOR JOIST
PIER
GIRDER
55 # FELTPOST ON
W/ MTL. CONNECTOR
CONCRETE BLOCKSTEM WALL
POURED CONCRETESTEM WALL
CONCRETE / JOISTCONNECTION
CANTILIVEREDFLOOR JOIST
GIRDER
JACK STUDS
FLOOR JOIST
FLOOR JOIST
INTERIOR FLOORCHANGE
PIER POST ON55 # FELT
55 # FELTPOST ON
INTERIOR SUPPORT
PIER
FLOOR JOIST
GIRDER
SOLID BLOCK
STEEL DOWEL
FLOOR JOISTFLOOR JOIST
FLOOR JOIST FLOOR JOIST FLOOR JOIST
SOLID BLOCK
INTERIOR SUPPORTW/ METAL POST BASEW/ STEEL ROD
CONCRETE / JOISTCONNECTION
METAL FLASHING
FILL MATERIAL
SOLID BLOCKFLOOR JOIST
PIER
GIRDER
55 # FELTPOST ON
W/ MTL. CONNECTOR
22
Crawl SpacesCONCRETE BLOCK
STEM WALLPOURED CONCRETE
STEM WALL
CONCRETE / JOISTCONNECTION
CANTILIVEREDFLOOR JOIST
GIRDER
JACK STUDS
FLOOR JOIST
FLOOR JOIST
INTERIOR FLOORCHANGE
PIER POST ON55 # FELT
55 # FELTPOST ON
INTERIOR SUPPORT
PIER
FLOOR JOIST
GIRDER
SOLID BLOCK
STEEL DOWEL
FLOOR JOISTFLOOR JOIST
FLOOR JOIST FLOOR JOIST FLOOR JOIST
SOLID BLOCK
INTERIOR SUPPORTW/ METAL POST BASEW/ STEEL ROD
CONCRETE / JOISTCONNECTION
METAL FLASHING
FILL MATERIAL
SOLID BLOCKFLOOR JOIST
PIER
GIRDER
55 # FELTPOST ON
W/ MTL. CONNECTOR
CONCRETE BLOCKSTEM WALL
POURED CONCRETESTEM WALL
CONCRETE / JOISTCONNECTION
CANTILIVEREDFLOOR JOIST
GIRDER
JACK STUDS
FLOOR JOIST
FLOOR JOIST
INTERIOR FLOORCHANGE
PIER POST ON55 # FELT
55 # FELTPOST ON
INTERIOR SUPPORT
PIER
FLOOR JOIST
GIRDER
SOLID BLOCK
STEEL DOWEL
FLOOR JOISTFLOOR JOIST
FLOOR JOIST FLOOR JOIST FLOOR JOIST
SOLID BLOCK
INTERIOR SUPPORTW/ METAL POST BASEW/ STEEL ROD
CONCRETE / JOISTCONNECTION
METAL FLASHING
FILL MATERIAL
SOLID BLOCKFLOOR JOIST
PIER
GIRDER
55 # FELTPOST ON
W/ MTL. CONNECTOR
23
Crawl Spaces• Beams are used instead of joists in post-and-
beam construction• The subfloor is made of 2 X 6 T & G boards or
1 1/8” plywood• Subfloor is glued to the beams• Beams are supported by posts if span is too
great
24
CrawlSpaces
CONCRETE BLOCK STEMWALL
POURED CONCRETE STEMWALL
GIRDER
JACK STUDS
INTERIOR FLOOR CHANGE
PIER POST ON55 # FEL55 # FELT
POST ON
INTERIOR SUPPORT
PIER
GIRDER
STEEL DOWEL
CONCRETE / JOISTCONNECTION
GIRDER PARALLEL TO WALL GIRDER PARALLEL TO WALL
GIRDER PERPENDICULAR TOWALL
POURED CONCRETESTEM WALL
SPACE CRAWL
SPACE CRAWL
SPACE CRAWL SPACE
CRAWL
25
Crawl Spaces• If the site is
sloped the floor and foundation methods can be combined
LEDGER AND ANCHOR BOLT METAL JOIST
HANGER
FLOORJOIST
NATURAL GRADE
FILL
REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB
FLOOR JOIST
GIRDER
POST
CONCRETE PIER