Chapter 3 Review

Section 1 Population

• Population - total number of people in an area. – Population is distributed unevenly over

Earth’s surface.– Demography tries to explain changes in

population.– Generally, people don’t move without a

reason. As long as people can make a living where they are, they stay put.

• In the past most people lived on farms• After the 1800’s – improved transportation

and new ways of making things.

– Railroads and steamships made it easier for people to move long distances.

– New jobs in factories and offices caused people to move to cities.

• Population Growth

• For many years the population grew slowly

- Food was scarce

- Farmers worked without modern machinery

- No clean water or waste removal

• As a result, the death rate was high.

• After the 1700’s things changed

• Death rates dropped sharply

• Birthrates increased in many countries and the population grew rapidly

• Causes– New farming methods increased the world’s

food supply. (Green Revolution)– Advances were made in healthcare and

medicine

Section 2 Migration

• Push Pull Theory– Push – Difficulties like war, few jobs, no political

freedom push people to leave their home country – Pull – Hope for a better life pulls people to new

countries

• Voluntary Migration• Involuntary Migration

– British sent prisoners to Australia– Transatlantic Slave Trade

• Urbanization – Movement of people to cities and the growth of cities

• 1800’s growth of industry pulled people to cities– More opportunities– Better life

• Urbanization causes problems

• Cities can’t keep up– Not enough housing, schools, jobs, hospitals,

and other services– Traffic jams cause pollution

**People still come to cities because they hope for a better life for themselves and their children.

Section 3 – Economic Systems

• Know what an economy is

• Know the difference between a producer and a consumer

• Know the types of economic systems– Capitalism– Communism– Mixed Economy

• Know the four levels of economic activity– Primary industries– Secondary industries– Tertiary industries– Quaternary industries

• Developed Nations– 1/5 of the world’s population – Most people live in towns and cities– Machines do most of the work– Commercial farming

• Problems– Unemployment – not everyone can find a job– Pollution

• Developing Nations– Most of the world lives in developing nations– Don’t have great wealth– Subsistence farming

• Challenges– Disease, food shortages, unsafe water– Poor education, poor healthcare, political

unrest

• World Trade Patterns– Countries trade with one another to take advantage of

one another’s special strengths.– As the world has grown – countries have grown

interdependent.

• Developed nations sell products made using advanced technology

• Developing nations tend to sell foods, natural resources and simple industrial products.

• Countries form trade alliance to reduce costs of trade – U.S., Canada, and Mexico belong to NAFTA– Most European countries belong to the

European Union

• Business Benefit – increased sales in other countries

• Consumers Benefit – may pay less for products from other countries

Section 4 Political Systems

• Know the types of governments

• International Organizations– Nations make agreements to work together in

an alliance• North Atlantic Treaty Organization• United Nations• European Union