CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES...CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3...

CHAPTER 3PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES

Prices of Major Construction MaterialsWage Rates Of Construction PersonnelRental Rates of Construction MachineriesPrices Of Construction Equipment

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CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016

Introduction30 31

Prices of Major Construction Materials

PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATESINTRODUCTION

PRICES OF MAJOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Construction materials, personnel, machineries and equipment play a crucial role in the industry. Every movement or sudden changes of its prices, wages and rental rates will affect towards the construction costs. In this report, almost all of the statistics came from CIDB own database. Major categories were selected from the vast CIDB database resources, and were summarised and averaged accordingly.

The price of construction materials were obtained from manufacturers representing specific regions. For Peninsular Malaysia, the Central Region was collected from manufacturers in Selangor; the Northern Region was collected from Perak and Pulau Pinang; the Eastern Region was collected from Kelantan and Pahang, and the Southern Region was collected from Johor. In Sabah, the data were collected from Kota Kinabalu, Tawau and Sandakan while the data in Sarawak were summarised from Kuching, Miri and Sibu. The prices were based on the transaction between suppliers and contractors, which includes any reduced rates or discounted prices, taxes, shipping and handling costs.

In 2015, all major construction materials posted a gradual increase in its prices except for steel bars and diesel, which decline to 11.6% and 26.0% respectively in 2015. The most notable increase was experienced by sand, which rises by 7.7% to RM40.91 per tonne (2014: RM37.98 per tonne). The rest of the construction materials registered a gradual increase in its prices (bricks: 5.0%; aggregate: 2.5%; cement: 1.0%; ready-mixed concrete: 5.6%; reinforcement iron mesh A10: 6.8%). Notable increase occurred during March and April 2015, mainly due to the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 1 April 2015. However, it is quick to note that nearly all of the prices have continued to adjust and stabilise towards the end of the 2015, except for bricks and ready-mixed concrete which continued to hover around the increased prices.

DieselBricksAggregateSandCement

Ready-Mixed ConcreteSteel BarsReinforcement Iron Mesh A10 (BRC A10)

litrepiecetonnetonnebag

(50 kg)cubicmetretonne

square metre

2.590.40

44.85 37.98 18.71

250.13

2,363.4419.17

1.920.42

45.97 40.91 18.89

264.15

2,089.64 20.48

-26.05.02.57.71.0

5.6

-11.66.8

Table 3.1 Average Price of Major Construction Materials

Figure 3.1a Average Price of Major Construction Materials

Figure 3.1b Average Price of Major Construction Materials (Continued)

Figure 3.2 Average Price of Diesel in Malaysia

Figure 3.3 Average Price of Bricks in Malaysia

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDBSource : CIDB

Materials Unit Change (%)

Price (RM)2014 2015

Peninsular MalaysiaSabahSarawakMalaysia

2.602.592.592.59

1.921.921.921.92

-26.2-26.0-25.8-26.0

Table 3.2 Average Price of Diesel in Malaysia

Source : Special Release 1, Peninsular Malaysia (For Civil Engineering Works) February 2016, Department of Statistics Malaysia Special Release 1, Sabah and Sarawak (For Civil Engineering Works) February 2016, Department of Statistics Malaysia

Source : Special Release 1, Peninsular Malaysia (For Civil Engineering Works) February 2016, Department of Statistics Malaysia Special Release 1, Sabah and Sarawak (For Civil Engineering Works) February 2016, Department of Statistics Malaysia

Region Change (%)

Price (RM/litre)2014 2015

DieselPrice of industrial diesel registered the steepest contraction after it fell by 26.0% to RM1.92 per litre (2014: RM2.59 per litre) in 2015. The sharpest decline was on February 2015, after the price plunge to RM1.70 per litre. It was also the lowest industrial diesel price ever recorded from 2014 to 2015. The industrial diesel price initially climbed to RM1.95 per litre in March and levelled for three months before showing a brief increase to RM2.05 per litre in June 2015. The prices experienced two slight falls to RM1.80 per litre between August and September 2015. Throughout the last quarter of 2015, the price of diesel stabilised to RM1.90 per litre.

BricksAfter experiencing constant price throughout 2014, the price of bricks started to increase from RM0.41 to RM0.43 per piece between March to April 2015, and remained steady towards the end of 2015. Price of bricks in Peninsular Malaysia was consistently higher, ranging from RM0.40 to RM0.47 per piece, against RM0.37 to RM0.46 per piece in Sabah. Sarawak had the most stable price of bricks, which hovers between RM0.40 to RM0.42 per piece throughout 2015. The price of bricks was the cheapest in Sabah and Sarawak, compared with Peninsular Malaysia. On average, bricks were priced at RM0.42 per piece each in Sabah and Sarawak, compared with RM0.43 per piece in Peninsular Malaysia.



32 33Prices of Major Construction MaterialsPrices of Major Construction Materials

Overall, the price of bricks in Peninsular Malaysia was slightly expensive compared to Sabah and Sarawak. Each region shows a parallel movement, which shows a rise between Quarter 1 and Quarter 2, and remained unchanged towards the end of 2015. Eastern Region had the most expensive bricks at RM0.46 per piece. This was followed by Southern Region with an average price of RM0.43 per piece, while Northern and Central Regions each registered the same price of RM0.42 per piece.

Sabah registered the highest increase of brick price by 9.2% against Peninsular Malaysia (4.3%) and Sarawak (3.7%). Sandakan was the most expensive city for bricks with RM0.45 per piece, against RM0.44 per piece in Tawau and RM0.39 per piece in Kota Kinabalu. However the prices were still much lower than those

in Peninsular Malaysia. In Sarawak, the three cities of Kuching, Sibu and Miri had the same prices of bricks, and overall increased by 3.7% to RM0.42 per piece in 2015 (2014: RM0.40 per piece) which occurred on April 2015.

Figure 3.3a Average Price of Bricks in Peninsular Malaysia

Figure 3.3b Average Price of Bricks in Sabah

Figure 3.4 Average Price of Aggregate in Malaysia

Figure 3.4a Average Price of Aggregate in Peninsular Malaysia

Figure 3.3c Average Price of Bricks in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDBSource : CIDB

Central RegionNorthern RegionEastern RegionSouthern Region

0.40

0.40

0.44

0.41

0.42

0.42

0.46

0.43

3.7

4.7

5.1

3.7

Table 3.3a Average Price of Bricks in Peninsular Malaysia

Source : CIDB

Region Change (%)

Price (RM/piece)2014 2015

Kota KinabaluSandakanTawau

KuchingSibuMiri

0.36

0.41

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.39

0.45

0.44

0.42

0.42

0.42

8.5

9.5

9.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

Table 3.3b Average Price of Bricks in Sabah

Table 3.3c Average Price of Bricks in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

City

City

Change (%)

Change (%)

Price (RM/piece)

Price (RM/piece)

2014

2014

2015

2015

AggregateIn 2015, the price of aggregate was comparatively higher in Sabah, compared to Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. The average price in Sabah was RM58.22 per tonne, against RM37.27 and RM40.73 per tonne respectively in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. Nevertheless, the price of aggregate drops by 1.3% in Sabah, against an increase of 5.0% and 5.9% respectively in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. Towards the end of 2015, the price in Sabah showed a downward trend, whereas the prices in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak continued to increase. The highest prices was at RM60.77 per tonne in Sabah (April 2015); at RM39.27 per tonne in Peninsular Malaysia (December 2015); and at RM43.46 per tonne in Sarawak (October 2015). The highest price for each place was also the highest prices since 2014. Significant price increase was seen during Quarter 2 in Sabah; Quarter 4 in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak.

In Peninsular Malaysia, the price of aggregate increased by 5.0% to RM38.19 per tonne (2014: RM36.36 per tonne). Central Region had the highest price at RM41.53 per tonne, while Eastern Region had the lowest price at RM34.51 per tonne. Southern and Northern Regions registered an average price of RM37.27 and RM39.44 per tonne respectively. The price of aggregate in Peninsular Malaysia does not vary much, and remained stable throughout 2015.





45.28

35.18

29.68

35.31

41.53

39.44

34.51

37.27

-8.3

12.1

16.3

5.6

Table 3.4a Average Price of Aggregate in Peninsular Malaysia

Source : CIDB

Region Change (%)

Price (RM/tonne)2014 2015

In Sabah, Tawau had the highest price of aggregate, after a slight increase of 1.8% to RM60.17 per tonne (2014: RM59.08 per tonne). Kota Kinabalu and Sandakan each had comparatively lower prices at RM55.54 and RM57.81 per tonne. In general, all the three cities show a similar movement in aggregate price, which peak at Quarter 2 before falling towards the Quarter 4. In contrast, the prices of aggregate in Sarawak show a possible upward trend towards the end of 2015. On average, Sibu had the most expensive aggregate (RM43.96 per tonne) followed by Miri (RM41.26 per tonne) and Kuching (RM40.45 per tonne).

The price of sand in 4 regions of Peninsular Malaysia moves in consistent manner throughout 2015. It was interesting to note that the price of sand in Southern Region had slightly surpassed Central Region in Quarter 4. The lowest and highest price of sand was RM27.67 per tonne in Eastern Region (January 2015) and RM43.46 per tonne in Central Region (April 2015). Even though Eastern Region had the lowest price of sand per tonne, it saw the highest increase by 25.6% to RM31.54 per tonne (2014: RM25.11 per tonne). It was the same for Central Region which had the priciest sands in Peninsular Malaysia, but contracts by 8.8% to RM40.70 per tonne (2014: RM44.81 per tonne).

Northern and Southern Region each had an increase of 18.1% to RM34.83 per tonne (2014: RM25.11 per tonne) and 7.7% to RM40.19 per tonne (2014: RM37.31 per tonne) respectively.

In Sabah, the price of sand were markedly increase by 16.2% to RM51.16 per tonne (2014: RM44.03 per tonne) in Sandakan and 10.1% to RM49.47 per tonne (2014: RM44.94 per tonne) in Tawau. Sandakan registered the highest price at RM54.41 per tonne on April 2015, which was also the highest price since 2014. Kota Kinabalu had the least increase by 7.1% to RM43.49 per tonne (2014: RM40.61 per tonne). Sarawak saw the least movement of sand price against Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. Kuching and Miri each saw a small increase of 1.8% to RM34.31 per tonne (2014: RM33.70 per tonne) and 2.0% to RM37.79 per tonne (2014: RM37.06 per tonne). Sibu was the only city in Sarawak with the average increase of 6.2% to RM41.52 per tonne (2014: RM39.11 per tonne).

Figure 3.4b Average Price of Aggregate in Sabah

Figure 3.4c Average Price of Aggregate in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB


KuchingSibuMiri

57.92

58.83

59.08

37.70

41.28

39.72

55.54

57.81

60.17

40.45

43.96

41.26

-4.1

-1.7

1.8

7.3

6.5

3.9

Table 3.4b Average Price of Aggregate in Sabah

Table 3.4c Average Price of Aggregate in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

City

City

Change (%)

Change (%)

Price (RM/tonne)

Price (RM/tonne)

2014

2014

2015

2015

SandIn 2015, price of sand registered the highest increase among major construction materials by 7.7% to RM40.01 per tonne (2014: RM37.98 per tonne). Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak had lower prices of sand than Sabah. It was observed that the prices of sand moves aligned in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak, against Sabah. Prices of sand jump by 7.9% to RM36.82 per tonne (2014: RM34.13 per tonne) in Peninsular Malaysia; 3.4% to RM37.87 per tonne in Sarawak (2014: RM36.63 per tonne); and 11.2% to RM48.04 per tonne (2014: RM43.19 per tonne) in Sabah. The prices of sand reached the highest and lowest of RM50.53 and RM46.29 per tonne in Sabah; RM38.16 and RM33.87 per tonne in Peninsular Malaysia; and RM39.69 and RM34.44 per tonne in Sarawak.

Figure 3.5 Average Price of Sand in Malaysia

Figure 3.5a Average Price of Sand in Peninsular Malaysia

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB


44.61

29.50

25.11

37.31

40.70

34.83

31.54

40.19

-8.8

18.1

25.6

7.7

Table 3.5a Average Price of Sand in Peninsular Malaysia

Source : CIDB

Region Change (%)





Figure 3.5b Average Price of Sand in Sabah

Figure 3.5c Average Price of Sand in Sarawak

Figure 3.6 Average Price of Cement in Malaysia

Figure 3.6a Average Price of Cement in Peninsular Malaysia

Figure 3.6b Average Price of Cement in Sabah

Figure 3.6c Average Price of Cement in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB


40.61

44.03

44.94

43.49

51.16

49.47

7.1

16.2

10.1

Table 3.5b Average Price of Sand in Sabah

Source : CIDB

City Change (%)


KuchingSibuMiri

33.70

39.11

37.06

34.31

41.52

37.79

1.8

6.2

2.0

Table 3.5c Average Price of Sand in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

City Change (%)


CementOverall, cement saw negligible price changes of 1.0% to RM18.89 per bag (2014: RM18.71 per bag). The price of cement move in the same direction in the three regions from the volatile movement in Quarter 1 and 2, which had the lowest and highest price since 2014, before gradually stabilising on Quarter 4. On average, the price of cement drops by 3.6% to RM17.89 per bag (2014: RM18.56 per bag) in Peninsular Malaysia; but increased moderately by 2.3% to RM19.53 per bag (2014: RM19.10 per bag) and 4.3% to RM19.26 per bag (2014: RM18.46 per bag) respectively in Sabah and Sarawak.

On average, each region in Peninsular Malaysia registered a drop in cement prices; Central Region by 5.4% to RM17.32 per bag (2014: RM18.31 per bag); Northern Region by 3.2% to RM17.86 per bag (2014: RM18.44 per bag); Eastern Region by 1.5% to RM17.86 per bag (RM18.13 per bag); and Southern Region by 4.4% to RM18.50 per bag (2014: RM19.35 per bag). The trend shows a disparity in the prices between Southern Region and the other regions in Quarter 1 and 2, but the gap begin to close in Quarter 3 and 4. The lowest and highest monthly prices was RM16.83 per bag in Eastern Region (February 2015) and RM20.14 per bag in Southern Region (April 2015).

Cement prices does not change much in Sabah with an average of RM18.82 per bag in Kota Kinabalu; RM19.75 per bag in Sandakan; and RM20.02 per bag in Tawau. On observation, the price of cement seems to move in sync at the three cities. Cumulatively, Sandakan registered the highest average price at RM20.49 per bag during Quarter 2 of 2015; while Kota Kinabalu had the lowest average price at RM18.22 per bag during Quarter 1 of 2015. In Sarawak, Sibu and Kuching had an increase of 6.7% to RM19.94 per bag (2014: RM18.69 per bag) and 4.8% to RM18.77 per bag (2014: RM17.92 per bag) respectively, while Miri had a slight increase of 1.5% to RM19.06 per bag (RM18.78 per bag). Even though Kuching usually had the lowest cement prices, it was interesting to note that cumulative cement prices in Miri was even lower than Kuching during Quarter 2 of 2015.


18.31

18.44

18.13

19.35

17.32

17.86

17.86

18.50

-5.4

-3.2

-1.5

-4.4

Table 3.6a Average Price of Cement in Peninsular Malaysia

Source : CIDB

Region Change(%)

Price (RM/50kg bag)2014 2015





18.42

19.21

19.67

18.82

19.75

20.02

2.2

2.8

1.8

Table 3.6b Average Price of Cement in Sabah Table 3.7b Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Sabah

Source : CIDB

City Change (%)


KuchingSibuMiri

17.92

18.69

18.78

18.77

19.94

19.06

4.8

6.7

1.5

Table 3.6c Average Price of Cement in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

City Change (%)


KuchingSibuMiri

243.45

264.39

250.00

253.00

278.67

265.63

3.9

5.4

6.3

Table 3.7c Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

City Change (%)

Price (RM/cubic metre)2014 2015

Ready-Mixed ConcreteThe price of ready-mixed concrete jumped by 5.6% to RM264.15 per cubic metre (2014: RM250.13 per cubic metre), obviously during Quarter 2 of 2015. Peninsular Malaysia had the cheapest price with RM201.92 per cubic metre, Sabah was the outlier with RM324.76 per cubic metre and Sarawak had a firm price of RM265.77 per cubic metre which is comparable to the overall Malaysia. The prices for ready-mixed concrete was a bit higher in 2015 but was considered stable. All of the regions were clearly had higher cumulative prices during Quarter 4 of 2015.

Steel Bars2015 saw the worst performance of steel bars since 2008/ 2009. The price of steel bars drop by 11.6% to RM2,089.64 per tonne (2014: RM2,363.44 per tonne). The price of steel bars indicates a similar and closer movement between Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. A falling trend was observed from 2014, which continued onwards in 2015. A significant deviation appeared when the prices of steel plunged to RM1,832.75 per tonne in December 2015, which incidentally were the lowest price of steel bars during the two-year period. In general, there were not many changes in prices of steel bars between the three regions. From the trend, it could be that the prices of steel bars in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak will converge at a point.

In Peninsular Malaysia, Southern Region had an average price of RM204.19 per cubic metre; Eastern Region had an average price of RM204.13 per cubic metre; Northern Region had an average price of RM200.31 per cubic metre; and Central Region had an average price of RM199.05 per cubic metre. The cheapest monthly prices were registered in Eastern Region with RM187.34 per cubic metre (February 2015); while the priciest monthly prices were registered in Southern Region with RM213.77 per cubic metre (December 2015).

Initially, the price of ready-mixed concrete in the regions varied between RM187.34 and RM195.00 per cubic metre from January to March 2015, but experienced the steepest increase during April 2015. Afterward, the prices of ready-mixed concrete in all regions remained above RM190 per cubic metre. The prices of ready-mixed concrete in Eastern Region saw the highest increase by 7.4%, followed by the Northern Region at 5.2%; Southern Region at 5.0%; and Central Region at 3.1%.

In 2015, Sabah saw a 6.2% increase in prices of ready-mixed concrete. Sandakan saw the highest increase of ready-mixed concrete prices, which rise by 9.8% to RM328.44 per cubic metre; against 5.9% to RM338.76 per cubic metre in Tawau and 3.0% to RM307.09 per cubic metre in Kota Kinabalu. The lowest monthly prices were registered at RM293.33 per cubic metre (January 2015) in Kota Kinabalu while the most expensive were registered at RM351.57 per cubic metre (December 2015) in Tawau. The cities in Sarawak saw a steady increase of 5.2%, which was similar of that in Peninsular Malaysia in 2015, with an average price of RM253.00 per cubic metre in Kuching; RM278.67 per cubic metre in Sibu and RM265.63 per cubic metre in Miri.

Figure 3.7 Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Malaysia

Figure 3.7a Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Peninsular Malaysia

Figure 3.7b Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Sabah

Figure 3.7c Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB


193.00

190.46

190.12

194.44

199.05

200.31

204.13

204.19

3.1

5.2

7.4

5.0

Table 3.7a Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Peninsular Malaysia

Source : CIDB

Region Change (%)



298.19

299.25

319.86

307.09

328.44

338.76

3.0

9.8

5.9

Source : CIDB

City Change (%)





Figure 3.8 Average Price of Steel Bars in Malaysia

Figure 3.8a Average Price of Steel Bars in Peninsular Malaysia

Figure 3.8b Average Price of Steel Bars in Sabah

Figure 3.8c Average Price of Steel Bars in Sarawak

Figure 3.9 Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Malaysia

On average the prices of steel bars in Peninsular Malaysia drops by 8.7% to RM2,010.47 per tonne (2014: RM2,202.70 per tonne). All of the regions in Peninsular Malaysia registered a drop in the prices of steel bars, but were still manageable compare with the bigger price drop experienced in Sabah and Sarawak. A brief price increase was registered during Quarter 2 of 2015, before the price of steel bars drops again and showed an overall decline until the end of 2015. Southern Region posted the highest and lowest monthly prices of steel bars at RM2,273.11 and RM1,690.11 per tonne in April and December 2015 respectively.

Sabah saw the largest drop in steel prices by 14.0% to RM2,128.62 per tonne (2014: RM2,475.18 per tonne). Each cities in Sabah had significant falls in the prices of steel bars, most notably Sandakan by 15.1% to RM2,138.36 per tonne (2014: RM2,518.52 per tonne); Tawau by 13.9% to RM2,153.77 (2014: RM2,501.39 per tonne); and Kota Kinabalu by 13.0% to RM2,093.74 per tonne (2014: RM2,405.62 per tonne). The highest and lowest monthly prices were registered at RM2,390.89 per tonne in Tawau (April 2015) and RM1,849.11 per tonne both in Kota Kinabalu and Sandakan (December 2015). Meanwhile, prices of steel bars in Sarawak falls by 11.7% to RM2,129.83 per tonne (2014: RM2,412.45 per tonne). The prices of steel bars in Sarawak was relatively stable and hovers between RM1,872.67 and RM2,379.11 per tonne between Kuching, Miri and Sibu.

Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 (BRC A10)The price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 does not vary much since 2014, after increasing moderately by 6.8% to RM20.48 per square metre (2014: RM19.17 per square metre) in 2015. Between the regions, Peninsular Malaysia had the lowest price at RM17.03 per square metre; while Sabah and Sarawak had a very similar price of RM22.06 and RM22.34 per square metre respectively. From the

trend line, the prices of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 seems to be lower in Peninsular Malaysia, while Sabah and Sarawak had a higher average price and seems to indicate closer movement of prices. The trend line also indicates that the prices move in aligned within the three regions.

In Peninsular Malaysia, the prices of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 grew by 7.0% to RM17.03 per square metre (2014: RM15.93 per square metre). Central Region saw the highest prices increase by 11.2% to RM15.13 per square metre (2014: RM13.61 per square metre), though it was also the region with the lowest price. Southern Region had RM16.54 per square metre; Northern Region had RM17.75 per square metre; and Eastern Region had RM18.71 per square metre. Overall, the cumulative quarterly prices indicate an upward trend which continued to increase towards the end of 2015. The lowest and highest average prices were registered at RM14.00 per square metre in Central Region for the first 3 months of 2015, and at RM19.08 per square metre in Eastern Region in the last 4 months of 2015.

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB


2,219.14

2,173.83

2,234.95

2,182.87

2,003.66

2,019.70

2,030.21

1,988.31

-9.7

-7.1

-9.2

-8.9

Table 3.8a Average Price of Steel Bars in Peninsular Malaysia

Source : CIDB

Region Change (%)


KuchingSibuMiri

2,368.83

2,425.46

2,443.05

2,112.77

2,131.17

2,145.56

-10.8

-12.1

-12.2

Table 3.8c Average Price of Steel Bars in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

City Change (%)


Table 3.8b Average Price of Steel Bars in Sabah


2,405.62

2,518.52

2,501.39

2,093.74

2,138.36

2,153.77

-13.0

-15.1

-13.9

Source : CIDB

City Change (%)




42 43Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelPrices of Major Construction Materials

Figure 3.9a Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Peninsular Malaysia

Figure 3.9b Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Sabah

Figure 3.9c Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Sarawak

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB


13.61

16.44

17.75

15.90

15.13

17.75

18.71

16.54

11.2

8.0

5.4

4.0

Table 3.9a Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Peninsular Malaysia

Source : CIDB

Region Change(%)

Price (RM/square metre)2014 2015

Sabah saw the prices of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 increase by 7.9% to RM22.06 per square metre (2014: RM20.45 per square metre). Tawau had the most expensive price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 at RM23.75 per square metre; followed by Sandakan and Kota Kinabalu each at RM23.23 and RM19.20 per square metre. Based on the trend line, Sandakan and Tawau seems to move closer in prices, which was much higher than Kota Kinabalu. The lowest monthly price was registered at RM17.67 per square metre during the first 3 months of 2015 in Kota Kinabalu, while the highest monthly price was registered at RM24.91 per square metre on September 2015 in Tawau. Sarawak had the

most expensive price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 at RM22.34 per square metre, which was slightly a bit higher than Sabah. In 2015, Kuching had surpassed Sibu as the city with the lowest price during Quarter 3, while Miri remains the city with the priciest Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10. On average, the prices between the cities in Sarawak were stable with a difference between RM0.89 and RM1.50 from 2014.

Table 3.9b Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Sabah

Table 3.9c Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Sarawak


KuchingSibuMiri

17.78

21.64

21.93

21.10

20.75

21.53

19.20

23.23

23.75

21.99

22.01

23.03

8.0

7.4

8.3

4.2

6.1

7.0

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

City

City

Change (%)

Change (%)

Price (RM/square metre)

Price (RM/square metre)

2014

2014

2015

2015

WAGE RATES OF CONSTRUCTION PERSONNELThe wage rates of construction machinery operators, construction workers and IBS Component Installers in Peninsular Malaysia were obtained from 11 states (Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Pulau Pinang, Selangor, Terengganu, W.P. Kuala Lumpur and Johor). Wage rates from Sabah were obtained from Kota Kinabalu, Tawau and Sandakan, while wage rates from Kuching, Miri and Sibu represent Sarawak. This section will explore the movement of wages in 2015 from 15 categories of machine operators, 20 categories of construction workers and 6 categories of IBS component installers. Each category is categorised by level of skills, where wages (minimum and maximum) were based on their certifications.

Wage Rates of Local Construction Personnel

Construction Machinery OperatorsIn 2015, all categories of machinery operators registered an increase in the daily wage rates, except for tower crane and forklift truck operators. Semi-skilled machinery operators recorded a higher average increase in wages, compared to skilled machinery operators. Semi-skilled machinery operators received an average increase of 7.7% against 5.0% for skilled machinery operators. The largest difference between

the minimum and maximum wages came from mobile crane operators at RM91.12 per day for skilled machinery operators, and tower crane operators at RM51.09 per day for semi-skilled machinery operators.

For skilled machinery operators, mobile crane operators registered the largest increase of maximum daily wages of 28.0% to RM190.53 per day (2014: RM148.90 per day). The second largest increase came from forklift truck operators which saw the maximum daily wage rose by 25.7% to 135.49 per day (2014: RM107.76 per day). The other notable growth came from backhoe loader operators which increase by 14.5% to RM133.21 per day (2014: RM116.31 per day) and crawler crane operators which increase by 10.3% to RM149.59 per day (2014: RM135.57 per day). Skilled machinery operators for tower crane and forklift truck operators were the most affected after their minimum daily wage plummet by 6.0% to RM92.71 per day (2014: RM98.62 per day) and 5.8% to RM72.64 per day (2014: RM77.14 per day) respectively. This was followed with paver operators which saw a reduction of 1.2% to RM84.68 per day (2014: RM85.68 per day).

In terms of earnings, mobile crane operators received the highest daily wage of between RM99.41 and RM190.53 per day for skilled machinery operators. In contrast, the lowest daily wage for skilled machinery operators came from roller/compactor operators which earned between RM74.42 and RM115.03 per day.

For semi-skilled machinery operators, crawler crane operators had the highest growth of maximum daily wages at 14.6% to RM119.40 per day (2014: RM104.20 per day). This was followed closely by tower crane operators at 14.1% to RM156.46 per day (2014: RM151.31 per day) and roller operators at 13.4% to RM116.04 per day (2014: RM111.39 per day). There was only marginal decrease in wages for semi-skilled machinery operators. The minimum daily wages for semi-skilled machinery operators drops slightly by 1.0% to RM78.44 per day (2014: RM79.22 per day) for tower crane operators and 0.6% to RM61.47 per day (2014: RM61.86 per day) for forklift truck operators.

Ironically, the highest daily wages for semi-skilled machinery operators were the tower crane operators which earned between RM78.44 and RM129.53 per day. While off road truck operators earned the lowest daily wages at between RM65.00 and RM94.99 per day.



44 45

Source : CIDB

Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel

In Peninsular Malaysia, most categories of local machinery operators recorded an encouraging increase in wages. Two highest wage increments were from skilled mobile crane operators (22.4%) and forklift truck operators (20.2%). For semi-skilled machinery operators, crawler crane operators (14.0%) and tower crane operators (12.2%) had the two highest growths in wages. Skilled paver, tower crane and forklift truck operators each experienced a drop between 0.7% and 5.8% in wages. Semi-skilled tower crane and forklift

roller/compactor operators had the highest and lowest wages under semi-skilled category each at RM125.50 and RM62.14 per day.

Skilled mobile crane operators had the highest difference

truck operators each experienced a drop of 1.4% and 1.3% in wages. Wage increase in other categories varied between 0.1% and 14.0% for both skilled and semi-skilled machinery operators. On average, local skilled and semi-skilled machinery operators experienced a wage increase of 4.4% and 6.7% respectively in 2015.

For skilled machinery operators, mobile crane and forklift truck operators each had the highest and lowest wages at RM176.1 8 and RM73.73 per day. Tower crane and

between the minimum and maximum wages at RM76.73 and RM44.73 under the skilled and semi-skilled category. Paver and slingger/ dogger operators had the largest and smallest difference each at RM30.31 and RM26.05.

Table 3.10 Average Wages of Local Machine Operators in Malaysia

Excavator

Pile Riggers

Off Road Truck Operators

Backhoe Loader Operators

Roller Operators

Roller/Compactor Operators

Scrapper Operators

Motor Grader Operators

Wheel Loader Operators

Paver Operators

Mobile Crane Operators

Crawler Crane Operators

Tower Crane Operators

Forklift Truck Operators

Slinger/Dogger Operators

78.06123.16

81.86120.33

74.56111.72

80.39116.31

76.97111.39

72.03110.66

76.68113.43

79.53115.15

79.12116.26

85.68117.58

98.88148.90

98.49135.57

98.62151.31

77.14107.76

77.77108.55

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

82.49123.53

86.58121.32

80.86113.53

81.74133.21

79.83116.04

74.42115.03

80.46118.76

80.88119.03

80.32117.49

84.68117.68

99.41190.53

98.86149.59

92.71156.46

72.64135.49

79.22113.18

--

65.4295.0859.4087.67

--

61.8784.2157.0586.3561.9987.74

--

63.9488.2962.2891.9975.27

115.6673.92

104.2079.24

113.4861.8685.1862.3784.92

--

68.65102.05

65.0094.99

--

65.3695.5162.8793.7168.6597.61

--

65.8295.6864.9598.0875.41

123.8676.32

119.4078.44

129.5361.4795.1765.3592.87

5.70.35.80.88.41.61.7

14.53.74.23.33.94.94.71.73.41.51.1

-1.20.10.5

28.00.4

10.3-6.03.4

-5.825.7

1.94.3

--

4.97.39.48.4

--

5.613.410.2

8.510.711.3

--

3.08.44.36.60.27.03.2

14.6-1.014.1-0.611.7

4.89.4

Source : CIDB

Category of Machine OperatorMinimum/ Maximum

Wage

Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)

Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014

Table 3.11 Average Wages of Local Machine Operators in Peninsular Malaysia

Excavator

Pile Riggers



Roller Operators


Scrapper Operators



Paver Operators






79.10120.91

82.23118.45

74.77109.61

80.92114.00

77.50109.36

72.41108.23

78.64112.57

80.57113.86

78.84113.45

86.11115.73

97.95143.93

98.57134.25100.01149.07

77.36106.82

78.05107.30


83.18122.09

86.77119.18

80.66111.86

82.18126.27

80.43113.86

75.00112.91

82.09117.50

81.95118.09

80.59115.45

85.55115.86

99.45176.18

99.36145.27

94.18154.68

73.73128.36

79.95111.68

--

65.0995.1859.2386.16

--

61.6483.0557.0985.2762.1187.20

--

63.5087.7362.4190.8275.68

113.0774.36

102.8980.41

112.8962.6885.0962.8285.00

--

68.14100.64

64.3691.66

--

65.0993.5562.1491.5267.6895.89

--

65.4193.5964.3695.8675.91

120.6476.82

117.3279.32

125.5061.8694.1465.6891.73

5.21.05.50.67.92.11.6

10.83.84.13.64.34.44.41.73.72.21.8

-0.70.11.5

22.40.88.2

-5.83.8

-4.720.2

2.54.1

--

4.75.78.76.4

--

5.612.6

8.87.39.0

10.0--

3.06.73.15.60.36.73.3

14.0-1.411.2-1.310.6

4.67.9


Wage



In Sabah, skilled paver operators and semi-skilled off road truck operators had the highest growth in wages at 12.2% to RM88.00 per day (2014: RM78.45 per day) and 12.9% to RM65.50 per day (2014: RM58.00 per day)

respectively. Paver operators (-4.6%) and mobile crane operators (-0.3%) were the two categories under skilled machinery operators to experience a contraction in wages. While pile riggers (-0.3%) was the only category



46 47Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel

in semi-skilled machinery operators which registered a drop in wages. Overall, Sabah registered the most increase in wages for local machinery operators, compared with Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. An average increase of 5.6% and 7.6% in wages were registered for skilled and semi-skilled local machinery operators respectively in 2015.

For skilled machinery operators, the highest and lowest wages came from mobile crane operators at RM125.17

Sarawak saw all categories of local machinery operators register an increase in wages. The highest increase in wages came from skilled backhoe loader operator at 7.0% to RM79.83 per day (2014: RM74.58 per day), and semi-skilled forklift truck drivers at 8.3% to RM67.17 per day (2014: RM62.05 per day). On observation, Sarawak had the most stable wages of local machinery operators. Skilled machine operators saw their average wages rise by 5.3% to RM101.68 per day (2014: RM96.53 per day), while semi-skilled machine operators saw their average wages rise by 6.2% to RM86.67 per day (2014: RM81.60 per day).

per day and wheel loader operators at RM60.50 per day. Tower crane and paver operators had the highest and lowest wages at RM87.00 and RM47.19 per day each for semi-skilled machinery operators. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages varies from RM15.12 to RM31.76 for skilled machinery operators and from RM16.29 to RM22.50 for semi-skilled machinery operators. On an interesting note, the minimum wages for semi-skilled roller operators remain unchanged at RM47.33 per day in 2015.

Tower crane operators had the highest wages for skilled and semi-skilled machine operators each at RM143.17 and RM106.83 per day. The lowest wages for semi-skilled machine operators came from roller and forklift truck operators at RM75.83 and RM67.17 per day respectively. Under skilled machine operators, RM18.22 to RM41.00 in difference was registered between minimum and maximum wages. At the same time, RM15.67 to RM30.17 in difference between minimum and maximum wages was registered under semi-skilled machinery operators.

Table 3.12 Average Wages of Local Machine Operators in Sabah

Excavator

Pile Riggers



Roller Operators


Scrapper Operators



Paver Operators






73.5087.8670.6185.4566.5376.1172.6787.2665.3887.8167.6485.7865.9978.4759.8383.2958.1781.1365.0078.4593.68

116.7294.83

114.1495.50

114.8872.0086.5263.8385.88


74.0095.6471.3392.6768.8884.0075.0093.9866.3895.7169.2793.0068.6685.1761.0091.5760.5088.1762.0088.0093.41

125.1798.96

120.4697.48

122.8275.1793.3065.8393.41

--

49.3361.6746.1758.00

--

47.3359.8348.4462.6847.0060.25

--

46.5061.0045.8659.9166.3877.2864.8878.8166.8879.1444.3362.6748.0061.72

--

49.1769.3347.6765.50

--

47.3367.1749.1069.8350.0067.17

--

48.8368.0047.1966.8368.3884.6766.8886.1768.8887.0047.3369.8349.3369.00

0.78.91.08.53.5

10.43.27.71.59.02.48.44.18.52.09.94.08.7

-4.612.2-0.37.24.45.52.16.94.47.83.18.8

--

-0.312.4

3.312.9

--

0.012.3

1.411.4

6.411.5

--

5.011.5

2.911.6

3.09.63.19.33.09.96.8

11.42.8

11.8

Source : CIDB


Wage



Table 3.13 Average Wages of Local Machine Operators in Sarawak

Excavator

Pile Riggers



Roller Operators


Scrapper Operators



Paver Operators





84.60109.77

80.9299.5083.7999.5074.5895.8371.58

106.1778.25

107.8189.92

109.8385.72

116.8582.00

110.8390.62

112.1792.83

122.0995.58

123.5097.58

137.5075.2593.17

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

89.87115.27

86.17105.50

86.95105.17

79.83101.83

75.83111.83

81.96113.48

95.17115.50

90.33122.01

85.67116.17

94.87118.17

98.83126.77101.50129.33102.17143.17

79.6798.83

--

64.1785.0069.5090.83

--

63.0887.0067.8294.1780.4295.33

--

66.5095.8378.0897.3378.7199.3379.5498.8379.99

100.8362.0580.83

--

69.3390.1774.0096.50

--

67.5092.6772.4199.6784.83

100.50--

71.00101.17

83.69102.83

83.39105.17

84.46104.67

82.17106.83

67.1786.67

6.25.06.56.03.85.77.06.35.95.34.75.35.85.25.44.44.54.84.75.46.53.86.24.74.74.15.96.1

--

8.16.16.56.2

--

7.06.56.85.85.55.4

--

6.85.67.25.75.95.96.25.92.76.08.37.2


Wage





48 49

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB


Construction WorkersIn 2015, the highest growth in wages came from general construction worker - civil after an increase of 12.4% to RM95.85 per day (2014: RM85.30 per day). In contrast, the largest contraction came from electrical wireman PW2 with a reduction of 8.0% to RM2,829.53 per month (2014: RM3,075.31 per month). Reduction in the minimum and maximum wages was observed in 13 from 40 sections under local skilled construction worker, and varies from 0.3% to 8.0%. At the same time, only 3 sections were affected under local semi-skilled construction worker (carpenter - joinery: -2.5%; scaffolder - tubular: -0.8%; scaffolder - prefabricated: -0.7%;). Most of these contractions could be attributed to the decline of average daily wages experienced in Peninsular Malaysia.

The highest paid skilled construction worker was steel structure fabricators with RM132.89 per day. Under the same category, general construction worker – building

was the lowest earner with RM53.77 per day. For semi-skilled construction worker, building wiring installer and barbender had the highest and lowest wages at RM117.38 and RM60.61 per day respectively. The difference between the daily minimum and maximum wages range from RM44.35 and RM28.26 for local skilled construction workers, and from RM28.42 to RM34.94 for local semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages range from RM898.20 to RM1,403.67.

Overall, the daily wages for local skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Malaysia increase by 2.0% to RM192.53 day (2014: 188.82 per day), and by 3.3% to RM161.78 per day (2014: RM156.62 per day) respectively. While the average monthly wages for PW2 and PW4 electrical wireman saw an increase of 1.0% to RM2,792.32 per month (2014: RM2,763.69 per month).

In Peninsular Malaysia, most of the categories in skilled and semi-skilled category of local construction workers experience a decline in their daily wage rates. Average contractions of 2.5% were registered from 19 out 40 sections in the minimum and maximum wages. For the skilled category, general construction worker - civil and electrical wireman PW2 had the highest and lowest growth in wages at 13.4% to RM96.50 per day (2014: RM85.14 per day) and at -9.3% to RM2,845.36 per month (2014: RM3,136.68 per month). For semi-skilled category, roofer and carpenter – joinery had the highest and lowest of growth in wages at 9.7% to RM99.93 per day (2014: RM91.11 per day) and at -3.6% to RM66.95 per day (2014: RM69.45 per day). On

average, semi-skilled construction workers had better wage increment at 2.7% to RM159.00 per day (2014: RM154.84 per day), than skilled construction workers which grew by 1.3% to RM191.22 per day (2014: RM188.75 per day). While P2 and P4 electrical wireman had better growth in the average monthly wages in Peninsular Malaysia, against Sabah and Sarawak with an increase of 1.2% to RM2,799.67 per month (2014: RM2,766.69 per month).

Steel structure fabricator and building wiring installer had the highest wages for skilled and semi-skilled local construction workers at RM134.16 and RM116.36 per day respectively. While the lowest wages for skilled

Slinger/Dogger Operators 72.2596.00

MinimumMaximum

76.83101.83

59.9283.33

64.5088.83

6.36.1

7.76.6


Wage

Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled


Table 3.14 Average Wages of Local Construction Workers in Malaysia

General Construction Worker - Building

Concretor

Bricklayer

Plasterer

Tiler

Barbender

Carpenter Formwork

50.9681.4771.53

112.0675.87

110.8980.67

119.0389.01

119.8877.77

111.6982.89

117.91

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

53.7782.0374.37

109.4278.98

111.1584.49

118.5389.05

119.5378.79

111.9082.96

122.81

--

59.5387.2359.4487.2263.3693.9967.4098.9159.7388.7863.6990.69

--

60.7090.6661.6390.0566.1195.0567.8198.9260.6189.1267.1195.68

5.50.74.0

-2.44.10.24.7

-0.40.1

-0.31.30.20.14.2

--

2.03.93.73.24.31.10.60.01.50.45.45.5

Carpenter Joinery

Roofer

Steel Structure Fabricator

General Welder

Plumber Building & Sanitary

Plumber Reticulation

Building Wiring Installer

Electrical Wireman PW2 (RM/month)


Scaffolder Prefabricated

Scaffolder Tubular

Painter Building

General Construction Worker - Civil

92.13128.29

85.46119.58

89.72128.76

82.75122.40

83.22118.50

88.34128.95

--

1,850.513,075.312,536.613,592.34

82.72117.08

83.19112.60

75.38105.73

57.9085.30

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

88.37128.28

84.65123.28

88.54132.89

86.43124.14

81.30120.86

87.62130.14

--

1,931.332,829.532,502.373,906.04

81.06116.47

80.53119.56

78.68107.71

62.1195.85

71.7399.6366.6291.6370.90

101.3666.9896.5263.0490.5472.88

101.8582.08

112.04----

63.7393.0662.9788.5459.5685.46

--

69.9899.8568.2999.9974.01

108.1970.36

104.9863.3398.2773.68

107.8384.29

117.38----

63.2993.3462.4595.0563.3189.24

--

-4.1-0.0-1.03.1

-1.33.24.51.4

-2.32.0

-0.80.9

--

4.4-8.0-1.48.7

-2.0-0.5-3.26.24.41.97.3

12.4

-2.50.22.59.14.46.75.18.80.58.51.15.92.74.8

----

-0.70.3

-0.87.46.34.4

--

Category of Construction Worker


Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Change (%)

Change (%)

Skill Level

Skill Level

Skilled (RM/day)

Skilled (RM/day)

Semi-Skilled (RM/day)


Skilled

Skilled

Semi-Skilled

Semi-Skilled

2015

2015

2015

2015

2014

2014

2014

2014



50 51

Source : CIDB


Table 3.15 Average Wages of Local Construction Workers in Peninsular Malaysia

Table 3.16 Average Wages of Local Construction Workers in Sabah


Concretor

Bricklayer

Plasterer

Tiler

Barbender

Carpenter Formwork

Carpenter Joinery

Roofer


General Welder

Plumber Building & Sanitary

Plumber Reticulation




Scaffolder Prefabricated

51.2783.4869.56

113.6374.50

112.5779.23

121.4387.73

120.9375.82

113.1181.18

119.4890.73

129.7583.64

119.9888.73

130.4382.14

123.7381.86

119.7586.82

129.80--

1,819.453,136.682,487.233,623.41

81.50119.73

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

53.9583.0072.14

109.3477.23

111.8682.82

119.6487.05

119.3676.32

112.2780.36

124.0985.45

128.6482.00

123.2386.73

134.1685.77

124.7378.86

121.3685.05

130.05--

1,914.182,845.362,445.913,993.23

78.64117.86

--

57.6486.5759.2388.4361.7794.0765.9599.8058.0089.0960.9190.0769.4599.3963.9591.1168.00

101.2064.4396.1661.1890.3069.7799.9878.73

111.20----

62.5993.59

--

58.2789.5560.8690.7364.1894.1865.5598.7758.3288.4364.0094.9166.9598.5765.2399.9370.91

108.1167.59

105.0960.8298.3270.00

105.9580.55

116.36----

61.0592.82

5.2-0.63.7

-3.83.7

-0.64.5

-1.5-0.8-1.30.7

-0.7-1.03.9

-5.8-0.9-2.02.7

-2.32.94.40.8

-3.71.4

-2.00.2

--

5.2-9.3-1.710.2-3.5-1.6

--

1.13.42.82.63.90.1

-0.6-1.00.6

-0.75.05.4

-3.6-0.82.09.74.36.84.99.3

-0.68.90.36.02.34.6

----

-2.5-0.8

Scaffolder Tubular

Painter Building


82.45113.34

74.43106.00

56.2785.14

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

78.55120.50

77.32107.36

60.5596.50

61.2788.4158.7085.32

--

59.8295.0062.2788.68

--

-4.76.33.91.37.6

13.4

-2.47.56.14.0

--


Concretor

Bricklayer

Plasterer

Tiler

48.8270.3381.84

101.7082.73

101.2085.40

105.5096.33

115.67

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

51.4876.8386.51

108.9787.70

106.8389.53

111.50101.00121.83

--

68.9487.9859.3579.6368.8791.1774.5792.33

--

72.4393.6465.0285.5072.7796.5078.7897.50

5.59.25.77.26.05.64.85.74.85.3

--

5.16.49.67.45.75.95.75.6




Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Change (%)

Change (%)

Change (%)

Skill Level

Skill Level

Skill Level

Skilled (RM/day)

Skilled (RM/day)

Skilled (RM/day)




Skilled

Skilled

Skilled

Semi-Skilled

Semi-Skilled

Semi-Skilled

2015

2015

2015

2015

2015

2015

2014

2014

2014

2014

2014

2014

and semi-skilled local construction workers came from general construction worker – building and concretor at RM53.95 and RM58.27 per day respectively. The difference between the daily minimum and maximum wages were between RM29.05 and RM47.43 for skilled

local construction workers, and between RM26.41 and RM37.50 for semi-skilled local construction workers.

In Sabah, all categories of local construction workers registered a positive growth in the average daily wages. An increase between 0.2% and 9.2% were registered in skilled category, and between 4.0% and 9.6% were registered in semi-skilled category. General construction worker – building had the highest growth in the skilled category at 9.2% to RM76.83 per day (2014: RM70.33 per day), while bricklayers had the highest growth in the semi-skilled category at 9.6% to RM65.02 per day (RM59.35 per day). PW2 and PW4 electrical wiremen had the least wage increment in the skilled categories, of which the monthly wages increased between 0.2% and 0.3% (Refer Table 3.16). Under semi-skilled category, carpenter – joinery had the least increment at 4.0% to RM84.37 per day (2014: RM81.15 per day). On average, the daily wages for skilled and semi skilled construction workers in Sabah each increased by 5.6% to RM196.60 per day (2014: RM186.14 per day), and by 6.6% to RM171.56 per day

(2014: RM160.95 per day). While the monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman increased marginally by 0.2% to RM1,671.50 per month (2014: RM2,666.17 per month).

Plumber – reticulation had the highest daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Sabah at RM126.50 and RM113.67 per day respectively. The lowest daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers were the general construction worker - building and bricklayer, which received an average of RM51.48 and RM65.02 per day respectively in 2015. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages stands between RM17.09 and RM32.58 for the skilled construction workers, and between RM14.13 and RM25.31 for semi-skilled construction workers. Sabah had the least difference in the monthly minimum and maximum wages, which ranges from RM5811.16 to RM681.16 per month.



52 53

Source : CIDB


Barbender

Carpenter - Formwork

Carpenter - Joinery

Roofer


General Welder

Plumber - Building & Sanitary

Plumber - Reticulation




Scaffolder - Prefabricated

Scaffolder - Tubular

Painter - Building


87.33105.00

92.24107.00101.50120.67

93.19116.67

93.68117.67

83.92113.33

96.74112.67

93.05120.67

--

1,970.672,651.332,731.003,311.67

84.51100.33

84.04105.33

79.73101.70

65.1085.33


91.50110.83

96.24113.33105.83126.33

97.35122.83

96.72123.83

86.92119.50

99.74118.83

98.22126.50

--

1,975.672,656.832,736.173,317.33

90.14107.50

88.24111.17

85.33107.10

68.5891.17

65.9984.1776.0689.6781.1599.0078.7391.8385.6799.8380.0996.0069.9989.6787.15

107.6797.55

113.33----

65.3389.0069.3785.8360.2084.50

--

70.3990.1781.1095.5084.37

104.5083.2097.3389.74

106.5084.92

102.5072.8995.8390.49

113.67101.95119.67

----

71.3295.1773.4391.8365.3690.67

--

4.85.64.35.94.34.74.55.33.35.23.65.43.15.55.64.8

--

0.30.20.20.26.77.15.05.57.05.35.46.8

6.77.16.66.54.05.65.76.04.86.76.06.84.16.93.85.64.55.6

----

9.26.95.97.08.67.3

--

Category of Construction WorkerMinimum/ Maximum

Wage



As with Sabah, all categories of construction workers under skilled and semi-skilled in Sarawak posted a positive increase in the average daily wage rates. General construction worker – building and bricklayer had the highest growth at 8.7% to RM53.97 per day (2014: RM49.63 per day) and 7.8% to RM66.67 per day (2014: RM61.83 per day) respectively. For skilled category, PW2 and PW4 electrical wireman had the least wage increase after the monthly wages registered an increase between 0.1% and 0.2% (Table 3.17). For the semi-skilled category, carpenter – joinery had

Sarawak were still the highest compared with the wages in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah.

Plumber - reticulation and building wiring installer were the highest earner for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers with an average daily wages of RM134.83 and RM126.33 per day. In contrast, general construction worker - building and painter building was the lowest earner for skilled and semi-skilled category

the least increase of 1.7% to RM88.83 per day (2014: RM87.37 per day). On average, daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Sarawak each registered an increase of 5.5% to RM202.90 per day (2014: RM192.29 per day), and 6.3% to RM182.60 per day (2014: RM171.86 per day). Among the 3 regions in Malaysia, Sarawak had the least increment of monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman after an average increase of 0.1% to RM2,832.24 per month (2014: RM2,828.20 per month). However, the average monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman in

with an average daily wages of RM53.97 and RM72.67 per day. In 2015, the difference between the minimum and maximum wages ranges between RM11.50 and RM29.46 for skilled construction workers, and between RM16.31 and RM25.22 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages were between RM646.05 and RM752.41.

Table 3.17 Average Wages of Local Construction Workers in Sarawak


Concretor

Bricklayer

Plasterer

Tiler

Barbender


Carpenter - Joinery

Roofer


General Welder






49.6370.5882.82

105.1084.03

102.1691.87

106.1295.77

112.5189.67

102.7592.37

111.5898.17

119.9297.84

118.0896.65

121.4288.28

116.9284.57

110.58100.37127.92

--

2,071.922,824.202,885.423,531.25

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

53.9776.5086.82

110.7089.53

107.6597.87

113.3399.20

119.0093.33

108.8398.24

118.17103.04126.33101.08124.33100.30128.00

93.20122.33

89.67117.33105.37134.83

--

2,075.672,828.082,889.583,535.63

--

71.0093.7561.8381.5075.3795.9276.1995.7572.4589.9281.8698.5887.37

102.9283.7897.0888.10

104.5881.92

101.0476.5694.0892.74

116.58103.49119.92

----

--

75.67100.00

66.6787.1780.62

103.1781.75

102.0076.0095.6787.36

104.3388.83

109.3387.02

103.3392.43

110.6786.27

106.2781.40

100.1797.41

122.63107.85126.33

----

8.78.44.85.36.65.46.56.83.65.84.15.96.45.95.05.43.35.33.85.45.64.66.06.15.05.4

--

0.20.10.10.1

--

6.66.77.87.07.07.67.36.54.96.46.75.81.76.23.96.44.95.85.35.26.36.55.05.24.25.4

----


Wage





54 55

Source : CIDB

Wage Rates of Construction Personnel Wage Rates of Construction Personnel

IBS Component InstallerIn Malaysia, system formwork installers had both the highest and lowest wages under skilled IBS component installers at RM145.24 and RM87.95 per day. While IBS lightweight panel installers and roof truss installers - (wood) each had the highest and lowest wages under semi-skilled IBS component installers at RM113.56 and RM71.65 per day. All categories of IBS component installers registered positive increase in wages, which ranges between 1.5% and 8.3% under skilled IBS

In Peninsular Malaysia, system formwork installers had also the highest and lowest wages under IBS component installers at RM147.14 and RM85.18 per day. Under semi-skilled IBS component installers, roof trust installers - (light gauge steel) and roof trust installers - (wood) had the highest and lowest average wages at RM109.55 and RM67.91 per day. All categories of skilled IBS component installers registered positive growth in wages, except for IBS precast concrete installers (-0.2%) and IBS lightweight panel installers (-3.1%). At the same time, skilled IBS precast concrete installers had the highest wage growth of 5.3% to RM93.59 per day (2014: RM88.86 per day) under the maximum section. Under the semi-skilled category, system formwork installers

component installer; and between 7.0% and 15.1% under semi-skilled IBS component installer. Overall, semi-skilled IBS component installer fared better with average wage increase of 11.2% to RM91.81 per day (2014: RM82.57 per day); against average wage increase of 5.8% to RM115.66 per day (2014: RM109.36 per day) by skilled IBS component installers. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages was between RM31.13 and RM57.29 for skilled and semi-skilled IBS component installers.

had the highest growth of 12.1% to RM72.14 per day (2014: RM64.36 per day), while IBS lightweight panel installers had the least growth of 0.3% to RM109.32 per day (2014: RM109.00 per day). Overall, Peninsular Malaysia had lower average wages of IBS component installers, compared with Sabah and Sarawak. An average increase of 1.8% to RM112.84 per day (2014: RM110.85 per day) were registered for skilled IBS component installers; while an average increase of 6.5% to RM88.36 per day (2014: RM82.97 per day) were registered for semi-skilled IBS component installers. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages was between RM40.41 and RM61.96 for skilled IBS component installers, and RM32.68 and RM40.69 for semi-skilled IBS component installers.

All categories of IBS component installers had substantially higher wages in Sabah, compared with Peninsular Malaysia. IBS precast concrete installers had the highest wages under both skilled and semi-skilled category with RM188.50 and RM142.00 per day respectively. While the lowest wages came from skilled system formwork installers at 98.83 per day and semi-skilled roof truss installers - (light steel gauge) at RM88.83 per day. Significant growths were registered under the semi-skilled IBS component installers. Under the semi-skilled category, lightweight blockwall installers grew more than half at 53.6% to RM118.17

per day (2014: RM76.92 per day), against IBS lightweight panel installers which had the least growth of 27.4% to RM103.83 per day (2014: RM81.50 per day). Under the skilled category, roof truss installers - (wood) and system formwork installers had the highest and lowest growth at 42.8% to RM134.67 per day (2014: RM94.31 per day), and at 17.0% to RM98.83 per day (2014: RM84.50 per day). Overall, Sabah had higher average wage in semi-skilled IBS component installers, which grew by 38.1% to RM110.89 per day (2014: RM80.32 per day), against a growth of 29.6% to RM131.35 per day (2014: RM101.37 per day) by skilled

Source : CIDB

IBS Precast Concrete Installers

IBS Lightweight Panel Installers

Lightweight BlockWall Installers

System Formwork Installers

Roof Truss Installers - (Wood)

Roof Truss Installers - (Light Steel Gauge)

91.45145.31

87.92137.45

85.72121.64

82.58134.29

85.03123.42

86.65130.84

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

99.05150.67

93.96139.46

90.38128.03

87.95145.24

91.87131.12

91.19139.04

69.35104.88

67.73107.73

63.3791.9764.8799.7662.2494.4963.08

101.40

78.60112.27

76.44113.56

71.83102.96

75.44111.05

71.65105.51

72.27110.13

8.33.76.91.55.45.36.58.28.16.25.26.3

13.47.0

12.95.4

13.412.016.311.315.111.714.6

8.6

Category of IBS Component InstallerMinimum/ Maximum

Wage



Table 3.18 Average Wages of IBS Component Installers in Malaysia

Source : CIDB







88.86144.45

85.68139.09

86.00126.18

82.64140.68

85.68128.09

87.09135.73


93.59144.18

88.32134.73

86.68127.09

85.18147.14

89.05130.84

88.41138.84

66.82104.73

65.45109.00

62.4594.4164.36

101.8261.0097.8262.32

105.41

72.41107.00

71.09109.32

68.18100.86

72.14108.45

67.91104.59

68.86109.55

5.3-0.23.1

-3.10.80.73.14.63.92.21.52.3

8.42.28.60.39.26.8

12.16.5

11.36.9

10.53.9

Category of IBS Component InstallerMinimum/ Maximum

Wage



Table 3.19 Average Wages of IBS Component Installers in Peninsular Malaysia



Painter - Building


94.33104.67

90.39111.75

81.51106.83

68.6387.08

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

98.67110.17

94.67117.67

87.04112.18

72.8693.33

74.6791.2575.2792.7568.3387.92

--

80.0097.3080.4498.8372.6794.00

--

4.65.34.75.36.85.06.27.2

7.16.66.96.66.36.9

--


Wage





56 57

Source : CIDB

Wage Rates of Construction Personnel Wage Rates of Construction Personnel

IBS component installers. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages was between RM27.34 and RM59.83 for skilled IBS component installers, and

RM23.66 and RM35.34 for semi-skilled IBS component installers.

IBS component installers also enjoyed higher wages in Sarawak, with all categories registered positive increase in daily wages. Similar with Sabah, IBS precast concrete installers had the highest wages under both skilled and semi-skilled category with RM184.17 and RM140.50 per day respectively. While the lowest wages came from skilled system formwork installers at RM107.50 per day and semi-skilled lightweight blockwall installers at RM93.00 per day. IBS precast concrete installers had also the lowest growth both under skilled (20.5%) and semi-skilled category (30.7%). While the highest growth came from skilled roof truss installers - (wood) at 40.4% to RM110.67 per day

(2014: RM78.83 per day) and skilled system formwork installers at 44.1% to RM94.83 per day (2014: RM65.83 per day). Overall, Sarawak had higher average wage in semi-skilled IBS component installers, which grew by 37.4% to RM110.64 per day (2014: RM80.50 per day), against a growth of 29.8% to RM131.09 per day (2014: RM100.96 per day) by skilled IBS component installers.The difference between the minimum and maximum wages was between RM17.50 and RM54.67 for skilled IBS component installers, and at lesser variance for semi-skilled IBS component installers at between RM13.00 and RM30.00.

Source : CIDB







109.33147.14102.33127.33

85.0095.5084.5098.1484.0094.3186.00

102.81


128.67188.50127.17167.83108.83136.17

98.83136.83104.17134.67101.83142.67

86.67103.97

81.5099.9769.5076.9269.5086.6769.5073.5668.1777.89

114.83142.00103.83139.17

90.83118.17

92.33125.83

89.17112.83

88.83112.83

17.728.124.331.828.042.617.039.424.042.818.438.8

32.536.627.439.230.753.632.945.228.353.430.344.9



102.00152.83

98.17129.50

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

129.50184.17122.83163.17

79.83107.50

79.00101.50

110.50140.50107.83134.67

27.020.525.126.0

38.430.736.532.7

Category of IBS Component Installer


Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Change (%)

Change (%)

Skill Level

Skill Level

Skilled (RM/day)

Skilled (RM/day)



Skilled

Skilled

Semi-Skilled

Semi-Skilled

2015

2015

2015

2015

2014

2014

2014

2014

Table 3.20 Average Wages of IBS Component Installers in Sabah

Table 3.21 Average Wages of IBS Component Installers in Sarawak

Wage Rates of Foreign Construction Workers

Construction Machinery OperatorsIn 2015, semi-skilled machinery operators fared better than skilled machinery operators with an average wage increase of 6.4% and 2.3% respectively. Tower crane operators had the highest wages in the skilled and semi-skilled category each at RM128.55 and RM107.28 per day, while forklift truck operators had the lowest wages in the skilled and semi-skilled category each at RM58.99 and RM51.81 per day. Tower crane operators had the largest difference between the minimum and maximum wages for both skilled and semi-skilled machinery operators at RM52.92 and RM43.14. The least difference between the minimum and maximum wages for both skilled and semi-skilled machinery operators came from

roller operators at RM27.72 and RM24.47.

For skilled machinery operators, the highest growth in wages came from backhoe loader operators after an increase of 8.9% to RM67.13 per day (2014: RM61.65 per day). At the same time, 5 categories saw a contraction in growth of wages (Forklift truck operators: -7.8%; tower crane operators: -6.5%; mobile crane operators: -5.3%; crawler crane operators: -1.7%; and roller operators: -0.8%). For semi-skilled machinery operators, 4 categories experienced a double-digit growth in wages (Forklift truck operators: 15.2%; slinger/dogger operators: 12.3%; tower crane operators: 11.7%; roller/compactor operators at 13.2% and 10.2%). Only semi-skilled forklift truck operators had a contraction of 3.1% to RM51.81 per day (2014: RM53.46 per day). The other categories saw a range of wage increase from 0.3% to 9.6%.





83.3397.8380.00

100.1778.83

101.1782.50

105.17


112.67130.17107.50132.83110.67130.67111.17137.67

67.3380.1765.8390.1768.6778.8366.3380.83

93.00110.83

94.83124.83

95.33108.33

93.17113.83

35.233.134.432.640.429.234.830.9

38.138.344.138.538.837.440.540.8

Excavator

Pile Riggers



Roller Operators

--

66.05100.11

61.2492.0561.6594.4964.2194.94


--

70.29103.23

65.4195.1067.1398.7366.4594.17

63.2199.1353.3581.3849.6974.76

--

48.2170.26

64.76100.22

56.2885.9254.4681.73

--

50.9075.37

--

6.43.16.83.38.94.53.5

-0.8

2.41.15.55.69.69.3

--

5.67.3


Category of Machine Operator

Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Change (%)

Change (%)

Skill Level

Skill Level

Skilled (RM/day)

Skilled (RM/day)



Skilled

Skilled

Semi-Skilled

Semi-Skilled

2015

2015

2015

2015

2014

2014

2014

2014

Table 3.22 Average Wages of Foreign Machine Operators in Malaysia



58 59

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB


Table 3.23 Average Wages of Foreign Machine Operators in Peninsular Malaysia

Excavator

Pile Riggers



Roller Operators


Scrapper Operators



Paver Operators






--

66.6898.9161.6690.7361.8493.4564.0593.9558.9193.1462.6192.9366.7794.0266.1494.1868.1496.3079.09

118.6879.09

112.2081.77

120.8264.6688.6165.0989.27


--

70.45102.05

65.6494.1467.6197.5566.9592.6861.4195.9366.1898.6667.7797.0067.8697.4569.4597.8480.09

114.5578.73

112.2777.50

126.5061.2893.1468.1893.09

63.2098.0253.3081.6149.7373.89

--

48.0769.8648.1172.0952.4176.84

--

53.0975.9552.6877.9162.3288.0260.0985.0764.6895.7553.5572.2352.9572.95

64.8698.4555.9785.3654.3679.05

--

50.9374.7752.1881.3256.1682.14

--

55.8480.3254.9881.0964.0990.3661.3689.8664.68

104.6851.4182.2756.2781.05

--

5.73.26.53.89.34.44.5

-1.44.23.05.76.21.53.22.63.51.91.61.3

-3.5-0.50.1

-5.24.7

-5.25.14.84.3

2.60.45.04.69.37.0

--

6.07.08.5

12.87.26.9

--

5.25.84.44.12.82.72.15.60.09.3

-4.013.9

6.311.1


Wage



Foreign machinery operators had the least amount of growth in wages at Peninsular Malaysia, compared with Sabah and Sarawak. In Peninsular Malaysia, foreign personnel had an average wage increase of 2.5% to RM85.07 per day (2014: RM82.99 per day) and 5.7% to RM71.30 per day (2014: RM67.48 per day) under the skilled and semi-skilled category of machinery operators.

Under the skilled and semi-skilled category, tower crane operators earned the highest wages each at RM126.50 and RM104.68 per day, while forklift truck operators earned the lowest wages each at RM61.28 and RM51.41 per day. The largest difference in minimum and maximum wages were registered under tower crane operators at RM49.00 and RM40.00 for both skilled and semi-skilled machine operators. Skilled slinger/dogger operator and semi-skilled roller operators had the least difference between the minimum and maximum wages at RM24.91 and RM23.84 respectively.

For skilled machinery operators, backhoe loader operator had the highest growth of wages at 9.3% to RM67.61 per day (2014: RM61.84 per day). All categories under the skilled machine operators registered positive increase in their respective wages except for crawler crane operators (-0.5%); roller operators (-1.4%); mobile crane operators (-3.5%); tower crane operators (-5.2%); and forklift truck operators (-5.2%).

For semi-skilled machinery operators, roller/compactor operators had the highest growth of wages at 12.8% to RM81.32 per day (2014: RM72.09 per day). The only reduction of wages under this category came from forklift truck operators, which saw their daily wages decline by 4.0% to RM51.41 per day (2014: RM53.55 per day). On an interesting note, wages for semi-skilled tower crane operators remain unchanged at 64.68 per day in 2015.


Scrapper Operators



Paver Operators






58.4094.3561.5493.8666.1295.2366.3296.1767.4997.0679.35

122.8979.08

113.5980.88

123.4163.9789.0064.8190.65

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

60.8898.3864.94

100.2866.6898.0067.9799.1568.4299.6979.63

116.3777.74

113.8375.63

128.5558.9994.2267.3794.50

47.7872.8352.7877.17

--

53.2376.7652.6578.4162.5390.2659.9185.5263.9596.0453.4671.7452.3172.53

52.6382.4157.0883.19

--

56.4681.7855.2682.6964.2891.9061.1890.5064.14

107.2851.8182.6755.9981.45

4.34.35.56.80.92.92.53.11.42.70.4

-5.3-1.70.2

-6.54.2

-7.85.94.04.3

10.213.2

8.27.8

--

6.16.65.05.52.81.82.15.80.3

11.7-3.115.2

7.012.3


Wage



Foreign machinery operators enjoyed the highest growth of wages in Sabah, against Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. However, foreign machinery operators in Sabah also earned considerable lesser wages against the other two regions. An average increase of 7.8% to RM73.40 per day (2014: RM68.06 per day) and 9.1% to RM55.69 per day (2014: RM51.05 per day) were registered for skilled and semi-skilled foreign machinery operators respectively in 2015.

For skilled machinery operators, the highest and lowest wages came from crawler crane operators at RM102.60 per day and motor grader operators at RM51.33 per day. For semi-skilled machinery operators, excavator and forklift truck operators had the highest and lowest wages at RM82.50 and RM40.17 per day each. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages varies from RM5.02 to RM26.50 for skilled machinery operators and from RM14.24 to RM26.67 for semi-skilled machinery operators.



60 61

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB


Excavator

Pile Riggers



Roller Operators


Scrapper Operators



Paver Operators






--

59.5074.1156.1866.6253.0069.8356.5069.6759.8874.3355.0070.7848.6770.5051.8370.0055.4568.2178.6295.0179.6795.0179.0794.0054.6771.7054.6773.33


--

60.6781.3359.8573.3371.6576.6759.6776.3361.5782.8356.1778.5051.3377.8354.0077.1757.2975.3380.83

102.1082.00

102.6081.92

101.6056.3379.5056.0080.67

55.1773.5041.0053.0039.8352.17

--

42.0752.3742.0851.9839.3353.70

--

41.0054.3338.8354.1853.0064.3354.0063.8349.5068.5037.8353.8342.5055.33

55.8382.5042.1760.8340.3359.67

--

44.5958.8343.7559.8340.6761.50

--

43.1760.1741.0060.8353.6773.0055.6773.3353.3375.5040.1760.6744.3362.67

--

2.09.76.5

10.135.2

9.85.69.62.8

11.42.1

10.95.5

10.44.2

10.23.3

10.42.87.52.98.03.68.13.1

10.92.4

10.0

1.212.2

2.914.8

1.314.4

--

6.012.3

4.015.1

3.414.5

--

5.310.7

5.612.3

1.313.5

3.114.9

7.710.2

6.212.7

4.313.3

Excavator

Pile Riggers



Roller Operators


Scrapper Operators



Paver Operators






--

65.4686.9870.1791.8363.9283.0064.5288.0067.8395.1784.9296.8373.62

104.9968.1798.1779.0598.5082.58

106.0685.08

104.2386.75

113.8362.2582.5059.9283.67


--

70.3393.1775.2297.5068.8388.5069.5093.1772.08

100.8389.17

102.5077.44

110.8372.50

103.8384.64

104.1787.50

112.1790.67

109.7091.83

121.1767.5088.5064.5089.17

69.2598.8356.8972.2958.5079.67

--

50.7578.8956.7289.5069.0689.33

--

59.5882.1167.2387.8369.7287.3369.5387.1770.2390.1750.5871.0049.2671.50

74.33104.60

61.3878.0962.4982.80

--

56.5084.3960.8195.0071.5094.83

--

64.1789.8370.6693.5075.0792.8374.3392.6774.5095.8355.5076.2554.3477.17

--

7.47.17.26.27.76.67.75.9

6.36.05.05.95.25.66.45.87.15.86.05.86.65.35.96.48.47.37.76.6

7.35.87.98.06.83.9

--

11.37.07.26.23.56.2

--

7.79.45.16.57.76.36.96.36.16.39.77.4

10.37.9



Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Change (%)

Change (%)

Skill Level

Skill Level

Skilled (RM/day)

Skilled (RM/day)



Skilled

Skilled

Semi-Skilled

Semi-Skilled

2015

2015

2015

2015

2014

2014

2014

2014

Foreign machinery operators had the most amount of wages, and stable growth in Sarawak, against Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. Skilled machine operators saw their average wages rise by 6.3% to RM89.18 per day (2014: RM83.86 per day), while semi-

skilled machine operators saw their average wages rise by 6.9% to RM77.44 per day (2014: RM72.42 per day).

The highest wages came from skilled tower crane operators and semi-skilled excavator at RM121.17 and

RM104.60 per day. The lowest wages for both skilled and semi-skilled categories came from slinger/dogger operators each at RM64.50 and RM54.34 per day. Under skilled machine operators, RM13.33 to RM33.39 in difference was registered between minimum and maximum wages. At the same time, RM16.71 to RM34.19 in difference between minimum and maximum wages was registered under semi-skilled

machinery operators.

All categories of local machinery operators register an increase in wages ranging from 3.9% to 11.3%. The highest increase in wages were skilled forklift truck operators at 8.4% to RM67.50 per day (2014: RM62.25 per day), and semi-skilled roller operators at 11.3% to RM56.50 per day (2014: RM50.75 per day).

Table 3.24 Average Wages of Foreign Machine Operators in Sabah

All categories of machinery operators registered an increase in their respective wages, ranging from 1.2% to 35.2%. Skilled backhoe loader operators and semi-skilled crawler crane operators had the highest growth

of wages at 35.2% to RM71.65 per day (2014: RM53.00 per day) and 14.9% to RM73.33 per day (2014: RM63.83 per day) respectively.

Table 3.25 Average Wages of Foreign Machine Operators in Sarawak



62 63

Source : CIDB


Construction WorkersOverall, foreign construction workers had firm increase of wages. In 2015, the average wages of foreign skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Malaysia increase by 2.5% to RM160.51 per day (2014: RM156.55 per day), and by 4.4% to RM137.67 per day (2014: RM131.83 per day) respectively. While the average monthly wages for PW2 and PW4 electrical wireman falls by 1.4% to RM2,193.98 per month (2014: RM2,224.68 per month).

The highest paid skilled construction worker was general welder with RM109.51 per day. Under the same category, general construction worker – building was the lowest earner with RM45.25 per day. For semi-skilled construction worker, building wiring installer and barbender had the highest and lowest wages at RM100.86 and RM50.77 per day respectively. The difference between the daily minimum and maximum wages range from RM24.95 to RM34.28 for skilled

construction workers, and from RM20.87 to RM30.83 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages range from RM683.22 to RM1,108.56.

The highest growth in wages came from skilled general construction worker - civil after an increase of 11.0% to RM78.19 per day (2014: RM70.43 per day) and semi-skilled steel structure fabricator after an increase of 12.5% to RM92.35 per day (2014: RM82.11 per day). Reduction in the minimum and maximum wages was observed in 7 from 40 sections under foreign skilled construction worker, and varies from 0.3% to 11.1%. The largest contraction came from electrical wireman PW2 with a reduction of 11.1% to RM2,230.96 per month (2014: RM2,509.00 per month). At the same time, only scaffolder - prefabricated (-2.8%) were the only category affected under semi-skilled construction worker.

Table 3.26 Average Wages of Foreign Construction Workers in Malaysia





Electrical Wireman PW4 (RM month)



Painter - Building


66.8396.6574.08

104.49--

1,455.642,509.001,891.243,043.57

66.49101.44

66.8896.9561.6790.7848.2770.43

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

66.90100.78

75.16107.46

--

1,547.742,230.961,944.323,052.88

66.8697.2565.7897.9265.7091.8853.2378.19

53.4177.4659.9384.0068.0098.83

----

54.8481.8551.8375.5548.5771.42

--

55.0083.7862.1890.2671.76

100.86----

56.9179.5554.2680.5652.4674.29

--

0.14.31.52.8

--

6.3-11.1

2.80.30.6

-4.1-1.71.06.51.2

10.311.0

3.08.23.87.55.52.1

----

3.8-2.84.76.68.04.0

--


Concretor

Bricklayer

Plasterer

Tiler

Barbender


Carpenter - Joinery

Roofer


General Welder

42.2967.7759.0591.4161.0893.0166.5497.8570.55

102.1862.6392.7966.6093.1976.01

105.2271.1597.2676.35

104.5870.11

101.15

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

45.2570.5463.4392.8064.8593.7171.4398.2971.60

101.4065.2290.1768.9095.7775.81

103.2872.30

101.8277.68

109.4675.23

109.51

--

48.7275.8348.7272.1652.5080.0355.2882.0047.7771.4355.5476.9659.3084.2655.3678.0857.5082.1158.4679.79

--

50.8177.7253.3674.7457.4681.7457.2283.7350.7774.9059.1279.9960.9584.3257.4584.3461.5292.3561.0887.15

7.04.17.41.56.20.87.40.51.5

-0.84.1

-2.83.52.8

-0.3-1.81.64.71.74.77.38.3

--

4.32.59.53.69.42.23.52.16.34.96.43.92.80.13.88.07.0

12.54.59.2



Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Minimum/ Maximum

Wage

Change (%)

Change (%)

Skill Level

Skill Level

Skilled (RM/day)

Skilled (RM/day)



Skilled

Skilled

Semi-Skilled

Semi-Skilled

2015

2015

2015

2015

2014

2014

2014

2014Peninsular Malaysia was the only region which had contractions of wages in the categories under the skilled and semi-skilled category of foreign construction workers. Average contractions of 3.2% were registered from 11 out 40 sections in the skilled category. Compared with Sabah and Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia had also the least growth and lesser amount of wages of foreign construction workers. Semi-skilled construction workers had better wage increment at 3.9% to RM133.89 per day (2014: RM128.89 per day), than skilled construction workers which grew by 1.8% to RM157.59 per day (2014: RM154.80 per day). While average wages of P2 and P4 electrical wireman declines by 1.7% to RM2,197.09 per month (2014: RM2,234.49 per month).

General welder and building wiring installer had the highest daily wages of skilled and semi-skilled local construction workers at RM108.61 and RM97.86 per day respectively. While the lowest daily wages of skilled and semi-skilled local construction workers came from general construction worker – building and concretor

at RM44.77 and RM48.41 per day respectively. The difference between the daily minimum and maximum wages were between RM26.02 and RM36.25 for skilled construction workers, and between RM21.64 and RM33.18 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the average monthly minimum and maximum wages were most obvious in Peninsular Malaysia, which ranges between RM659.59 and RM1,163.41.

For the skilled category, general construction worker – civil and PW2 electrical wireman had the highest and lowest growth of wages at 11.9% to RM77.84 per day (2014: RM69.59 per day) and at -12.9% to RM2,217.95 per month (2014: RM2,547.41 per month). For semi-skilled category, steel structure fabricator and scaffolder - prefabricated had the highest and lowest growth of wages at 13.9% to RM91.45 per day (2014: RM80.32 per day) and at -4.6% to RM77.55 per day (2014: RM81.27 per day).



64 65

Source : CIDB



Concretor

Bricklayer

Plasterer

Tiler

Barbender


Carpenter - Joinery

Roofer


General Welder








Painter - Building


41.9169.0756.5090.8460.7394.4865.5098.0068.77

102.8460.3093.4364.1492.6873.73

104.8068.8696.1873.73

103.7067.3299.8064.5996.4571.00

102.61--

1,450.552,547.411,862.363,077.64

65.23102.86

65.3097.0960.1690.7346.8269.59

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

44.7771.2761.0591.4164.2394.2770.2797.2769.23

100.9162.5989.2365.9194.7372.77

101.3669.59

100.4574.59

108.4172.36

108.6164.00

100.2371.34

105.05--

1,558.362,217.951,924.323,087.73

64.9196.8663.0997.0964.0090.9551.8277.84

--

46.5975.5248.1872.8951.7778.8053.7381.2045.8670.5052.5575.0756.9582.7553.3676.5254.4180.3255.9877.4552.0076.6656.5081.4364.0996.52

----

53.4581.2749.9574.5747.1170.64

--

--

48.4176.6852.6874.9156.5579.6855.2782.1448.5073.5055.9577.5958.2781.7755.1482.8958.2791.4558.3285.0953.2083.0558.1487.9567.5997.86

----

55.0977.5552.0579.3650.7372.95

--

6.83.28.10.65.8

-0.27.3

-0.70.7

-1.93.8

-4.52.82.2

-1.3-3.31.14.41.24.57.58.8

-0.93.90.52.4

--

7.4-12.9

3.30.3

-0.5-5.8-3.40.06.40.3

10.711.9

--

3.91.59.32.89.21.12.91.25.84.36.53.42.3

-1.23.38.37.1

13.94.29.92.38.32.98.05.51.4

----

3.1-4.64.26.47.73.3

--


Wage



Table 3.27 Average Wages of Foreign Construction Workers in Peninsular Malaysia Foreign construction workers had a higher growth of wages in Sabah against Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. On average, the daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Sabah each increased by 6.1% to RM173.84 per day (2014: RM163.79 per day), and by 7.1% to RM154.41 per day (2014: RM144.14 per day). While the monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman increased marginally by 0.3% to RM2,117.58 per month (2014: RM2,111.99 per month).

Plumber – reticulation and building wiring installer had the highest daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers at RM116.00 and RM112.17 per day respectively. The lowest daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers were the general construction worker - building and bricklayer, which received an average of RM47.47 and RM55.33 per day respectively in 2015. The difference between the minimum and maximum daily wages stands between RM14.05 and RM26.92 for the skilled construction

workers, and between RM16.11 and RM28.17 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages were between RM761.83 and RM805.52.

All categories of foreign construction workers registered a positive growth in the average daily wages. An increase between 0.2% and 10.2% were registered in skilled category, and between 3.9% and 10.7% were registered in semi-skilled category. General construction worker – building had the highest growth in the skilled category at 10.2% to RM66.83 per day (2014: RM60.67 per day), while bricklayers had the highest growth in the semi-skilled category at 10.7% to RM55.33 per day (RM50.00 per day). PW2 and PW4 electrical wiremen had the least wage increment in the skilled categories, of which the monthly wages increased by an average of 0.3% (Table 3.28). Under semi-skilled category, carpenter – joinery had the least increment at 3.9% to RM72.89 per day (2014: RM70.16 per day).

Table 3.28 Average Wages of Foreign Construction Workers in Sabah


Concretor

Bricklayer

Plasterer

Tiler

Barbender


Carpenter - Joinery

Roofer


General Welder

44.3060.6771.9591.8063.3385.3370.2295.5079.1798.0075.7988.3379.7793.3386.25

107.3381.4599.3388.24

106.6782.20

106.33

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

47.4766.8375.4397.3068.5090.6774.58

101.5083.67

103.1780.1294.1784.6098.8389.65

113.5085.25

105.3390.74

112.1788.46

112.50

--

59.0376.0050.0065.2755.9184.0062.9583.5056.3876.5069.9984.1770.1690.1763.8584.1771.9290.6769.9990.50

--

62.3681.8355.3371.5061.3389.5066.9889.1761.5182.5073.7289.8372.8995.8368.1989.6777.0296.8374.0696.83

7.210.2

4.86.08.26.36.26.35.75.35.76.66.15.94.05.84.76.02.85.27.65.8

--

5.77.7

10.79.69.76.66.46.89.17.85.36.73.96.36.86.57.16.85.87.0


Wage





66 67

Source : CIDB


In Sarawak, all categories of foreign construction workers under skilled and semi-skilled posted a positive increase in the average daily wages. The daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Sarawak each registered an increase of 6.4% to RM179.38 per day (2014: RM168.56 per day), and 7.0% to RM162.54 per day (2014: RM151.84 per day). Among the 3 regions in Malaysia, Sarawak had the least increment of monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman after registered an average increase of 0.2% to RM2,236.10 per month (2014: RM2,231.83 per month).

Plumber - reticulation and building wiring installer were the highest earner for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers each with an average daily wages of RM125.47 and RM122.50 per day. In contrast, general construction worker - building and concretor were the lowest earner for skilled and semi-skilled category each with an average daily wages of RM48.27 and RM58.80 per day. In 2015, the difference between

the minimum and maximum daily wages range between RM17.30 and RM27.39 for skilled construction workers, and between RM16.01 and RM33.07 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages were between RM820.75 and RM852.03.

Skilled general construction worker – building had the highest growth at 9.2% to RM66.17 per day (2014: RM60.58 per day). Under the semi-skilled category, plasterer (11.4%), painter – building (10.9%) and bricklayer (10.2%) enjoyed the most increased in wages after posting a double-digit growth. For skilled category, PW2 and PW4 electrical wireman had the least wage increase after the monthly wages registered an average increase of 0.2% (Table 3.29). For the semi-skilled category, steel structure fabricator had the least increase of 4.8% to RM97.69 per day (2014: RM93.21 per day).






79.2598.6788.91

110.00--

1,434.782,241.332,005.332,766.50


82.37105.00

94.20116.00

--

1,440.982,246.502,010.502,772.33

59.6680.3376.2596.6786.95

106.67----

62.8386.1782.19

101.0092.07

112.17----

4.06.46.05.5

--

0.40.20.30.2

5.37.37.84.55.95.2

----


Wage



Table 3.29 Average Wages of Foreign Construction Workers in Sarawak


Concretor

Bricklayer

44.4360.5874.1697.2562.6784.50

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

48.2766.1777.66

103.6768.0290.50

--

61.8379.0053.3871.00

--

65.7185.0058.8076.17

8.69.24.76.68.57.1

--

6.37.6

10.27.3


Wage



Source : CIDB

Plasterer

Tiler

Barbender


Carpenter - Joinery

Roofer


General Welder








Painter - Building


74.2798.5881.5299.0875.1390.2580.4898.5890.85

107.7586.06

107.0893.32

112.0888.67

110.9279.0096.7593.08

119.58--

1,532.532,354.172,094.732,945.88

74.5195.2177.6198.3470.3289.2557.4776.08


81.00106.33

85.61105.00

79.2096.5086.06

104.1795.32

114.1789.18

113.3398.63

118.3393.50

116.3383.27

102.6798.08

125.47--

1,537.672,358.422,098.142,950.17

78.78100.93

82.00105.13

75.0795.6762.5582.17

57.1189.5864.7189.2560.1776.5874.0590.5874.2394.9268.7789.0877.0893.2174.2394.8362.7383.4281.3899.6092.10

116.42----

63.4688.2563.9382.5858.0577.25

--

63.6096.6768.8895.8365.0082.6779.3296.5878.48

100.8372.1795.0081.6897.6978.48

100.1766.9789.5086.63

104.9397.33

122.50----

67.8393.0068.7888.8364.3983.17

--

9.17.95.06.05.46.96.95.74.96.03.65.85.75.65.54.95.46.15.44.9

--

0.30.20.20.25.76.05.76.96.87.28.88.0

11.47.96.57.48.07.97.16.65.76.24.96.66.04.85.75.66.87.36.55.45.75.2

----

6.95.47.67.6

10.97.7

--


Wage



RENTAL RATES OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERIESMachineries and equipment are vital components in any construction process. Some contractors invest heavily in buying own machineries and equipment,

expecting high returns by effectively optimizing the usage in completing the construction process and securing large-scale projects. More projects can be completed in shorter periods and increase the overall productivity. However, some contractors may opt to rent or hire the machineries, to minimize their costs



68 69

Source : CIDB

Rental Rates of Construction Machineries Rental Rates of Construction Machineries

Table 3.30 Average Rental Rates of Construction Machineries in Malaysia

Excavator

Loader

Bulldozer

Compactor

Grader

Backhoe

Paving/Resurfacing EquipmentGarbage Truck

Lorry

Crane

Land Work

Roadwork

Truck and Haulage

Hoisting and Lifting

433.47 1,141.66

430.28 899.16 734.50 951.66 598.16 649.93 550.83 630.97 445.28 449.44 463.47 558.57 509.86 713.61 413.89 983.06 915.28

1,566.67


435.42 1,142.13

433.33 899.17 740.93 952.13 597.94 649.93 550.83 630.97 449.44 449.44 475.32 561.81 509.86 714.72 415.28 983.06 915.28

1,577.78

7,169.72 14,392.59

7,918.15 13,107.41 10,567.13 12,647.22

8,374.94 9,010.07 8,558.33 9,791.67 6,944.45 7,012.50 6,851.85 8,030.56 9,027.78

11,750.00 8,530.56

17,108.33 12,546.53 19,465.32

7,129.35 14,373.61

7,924.63 13,107.41 10,578.70 12,656.48

8,391.67 9,023.61 8,558.33 9,787.50 7,031.95 7,037.50 6,978.71 7,899.07 9,027.78

11,750.00 8,541.67

17,098.61 12,546.53 19,465.66

0.40.00.70.00.90.00.00.00.00.00.90.02.50.60.00.20.30.00.00.7

-0.6-0.10.10.00.10.10.20.20.00.01.20.41.8

-1.70.00.00.1

-0.10.00.0

Type of Works

Category ofMachineries

Minimum/ Maximum

Price

Change (%)Types of Rental (RM/unit)Daily Monthly

Daily Monthly2015 20152014 2014

and effectively manage their resources. Factors that encourage the rental or hiring of machineries include mobility and site location, as well as storage and maintenance of the equipment. In terms of mobility, it is more convenient for contractors to rent machineries from local suppliers near their project sites. Some leasing companies offer daily, monthly or short-term rentals, which is more efficient for project planning. In addition, sale prices are generally very high for any machinery and a single project requires many types of equipment that serve different specific purposes.

Rental rates of machineries were obtained from Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. This section presents the rental rates for 10 major machineries involved in land work, roadwork, haulage and hoisting; and purchase price for equipment such as generators,

compressors, pumps, drills, cutters, hammers and other equipment used in construction works.

In Malaysia, most daily and monthly machineries rental rates showed an increase in 2015, the highest came from resurfacing equipment for roadwork. Only compactor used for land work recorded lower daily rental rates compared with 2014. In Peninsular Malaysia, three machineries showed an increase in both maximum and minimum monthly rental rates ranging from 0.1% to 2.3%. The highest increase in rental rate was noted in the maximum daily rental rates of crane, which increased from RM1,391.67 per day to RM1,425.00 per day.

Source : CIDB

Table 3.31 Average Rental Rates of Construction Machineries in Peninsular Malaysia

Excavator

Loader

Bulldozer

Compactor

Grader

Backhoe


Lorry

Crane

Land Work

Roadwork

Truck and Haulage


399.31 1,111.11

395.83 868.61 721.25 931.11 572.81 633.54 542.50 642.92 452.50 455.00 430.42 520.14 486.25 690.83 425.00 932.50 837.50

1,391.67


401.81 1,112.50

396.11 868.61 737.22 932.50 568.00 633.54 542.50 642.92 455.00 455.00 432.64 529.86 486.25 694.17 429.17 932.50 837.50

1,425.00

6,614.72 13,511.11

7,471.11 12,377.78 10,095.83 12,141.67

8,466.50 9,163.54 8,541.67 9,541.67 6,766.67 6,837.50 6,822.22 7,908.33 8,783.33

11,833.34 8,691.67

16,358.34 11,889.58 18,062.63

6,560.28 13,454.17

7,479.45 12,377.78 10,108.33 12,147.22

8,470.83 9,166.67 8,541.67 9,529.17 6,829.17 6,845.83 6,836.11 7,908.33 8,783.33

11,833.34 8,725.00

16,329.17 11,889.58 18,063.63

0.60.10.10.02.20.1

-0.80.00.00.00.50.00.51.80.00.51.00.00.02.3

-0.8-0.40.10.00.10.00.10.00.0

-0.10.90.10.20.00.00.00.4

-0.20.00.0

Type of Works

Category of Machineries

Minimum/ Maximum

Price


Daily Monthly2015 20152014 2014

In Sabah and Sarawak, most of the rental rates of machineries used in construction projects did not experience any significant change in 2015. In fact, most machineries reported the same daily and monthly rental rates as in the previous year. An increase in

rental rate was most notable in the backhoe category in Sabah, where the daily rental rate increased from RM450.00 to RM460.00 daily. While in Sarawak, daily and monthly rental rates increased across all types of paving/resurfacing equipment.

Table 3.32 Average Rental Rates of Construction Machineries in Sabah

Excavator

Loader

Bulldozer

Compactor

Land Work 473.33 1,219.44

466.11 957.22 756.67 973.33 631.67 681.25


476.67 1,219.44

469.44 957.22 760.00 973.33 635.83 681.25

7,627.78 15,122.22

8,327.78 13,777.78 11,177.78 13,055.56

8,208.33 8,695.83

7,627.78 15,122.22

8,338.89 13,777.78 11,200.00 13,055.56

8,233.33 8,712.50

0.70.00.70.00.40.00.70.0

0.00.00.10.00.20.00.30.2

Type of Works


Minimum/ Maximum

Price


Daily Monthly2015 20152014 2014



70 71Prices of Construction MachineriesRental Rates of Construction Machineries

Source : CIDB

Grader

Backhoe


Lorry

Crane

Roadwork

Truck and Haulage


550.00 650.00 450.00 460.00 497.22 588.89 533.33 750.00 400.00

1,066.67 1,091.67 1,600.00


550.00 650.00 460.00 460.00 497.22 588.89 533.33 750.00 400.00

1,066.67 1,091.67 1,600.00

8,633.33 10,333.33

7,000.00 7,066.67 7,044.45 8,216.67 9,183.33

11,633.33 8,533.33

17,533.33 14,083.34 19,916.67

8,633.33 10,333.33

7,066.67 7,066.67 7,044.45 7,822.22 9,183.33

11,633.33 8,533.33

17,533.33 14,083.34 19,916.67

0.00.02.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.90.00.0

-5.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

Type of Works


Minimum/ Maximum

Price

Change (%)Types of Rental (RM/unit)

Daily Monthly Daily Monthly

2015 20152014 2014

Source : CIDB

Table 3.33 Average Rental Rates of Construction Machineries in Sarawak

Excavator

Loader

Bulldozer

Compactor

Grader

Backhoe


Lorry

Crane

Land Work

Roadwork

Truck and Haulage


427.78 1,094.44

428.89 871.66 725.57 950.55 590.00 635.00 560.00 600.00 433.33 433.33 462.78 566.67 510.00 700.00 416.67 950.00 816.67

1,708.34


427.78 1,094.44

434.45 871.67 725.56 950.55 590.00 635.00 560.00 600.00 433.33 433.33 496.11 566.67 510.00 700.00 416.67 950.00 816.67

1,708.34

7,266.67 14,544.44

7,955.55 13,166.67 10,427.78 12,744.44

8,450.00 9,170.83 8,500.00 9,500.00 7,066.67 7,133.33 6,688.89 7,966.67 9,116.67

11,783.33 8,366.67

17,433.33 11,666.67 20,416.67

7,200.00 14,544.44

7,955.55 13,166.67 10,427.78 12,766.67

8,470.84 9,191.67 8,500.00 9,500.00 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,055.56 7,966.67 9,116.67

11,783.33 8,366.67

17,433.33 11,666.67 20,416.67

0.00.01.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.06.70.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

-0.90.00.00.00.00.20.20.20.00.01.90.95.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

Type of Works

Category ofMachineries

Minimum/ Maximum

Price


Daily Monthly2015 20152014 2014

The prices of construction equipment in Malaysia were summarised into seven categories based on the prices and location from Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Collectively, the prices of construction equipment had relatively small changes in the three regions. In Malaysia, the price of construction equipment remained unchanged in 2015 for power trowels, gasoline generator sets, gasoline (petrol) generators set, industrial pump, construction water

pump and super drill. Only eight construction equipment experienced an increase of prices in both the minimum and maximum section (concrete mixer – mini; vibrator pokers; blade cutters; rotary hammer drill; hammer drill; diamond core drill; wheel cutter; rebar cutter/ bender). The only drop in both section of minimum and maximum prices came from bar cutter which falls by 0.5% at each section. Diesel generator set and water pump had a decrease in the maximum section, while the rest of the categories show an increase in either one of the minimum or maximum section.

PRICES OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

Table 3.34 Average Price of Construction Equipment in Malaysia

Concrete Mixer - Mini

Concrete Mixer - Manual

Power Trowel

Concrete Vibrator

Concrete Cutter

Vibratory PlateCompactorVibrator Poker

Blade Cutter

Fuel Generator Set

Diesel Generator Set

Gasoline Generator Set

Gasoline (Petrol) Generator Set

Reciprocating Piston

Concrete Works & Plastering

Generator

Compressor

MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum

1,429.171,519.444,141.674,640.001,585.001,585.001,230.971,694.451,029.861,080.28

642.78836.53163.89165.55626.11627.22763.06

6,641.113,918.05

202,452.781,615.564,084.811,375.973,388.611,357.22

14,963.89

1,436.111,534.694,144.444,617.781,585.001,585.001,231.531,701.391,031.251,080.28

649.86836.53167.92167.92628.33628.33768.61

6,642.503,920.83

201,047.221,615.564,084.581,375.973,388.611,360.00

14,959.72

0.51.00.1

-0.50.00.00.00.40.10.01.10.02.51.40.40.20.70.00.1

-0.70.00.00.00.00.20.0

Category of Equipment Types of Equipment Minimum/ Maximum

PriceChange

(%)

Malaysia

Purchase Price (RM/unit)

20152014



72 73

Source : CIDB

Source : CIDB

Prices of Construction EquipmentPrices of Construction Equipment

Oil Flooded Compressor

Water Pump

Industrial Pump

Construction Water Pump

Rotary Hammer Drill

Hammer Drill

Demolition Drill

Impact Drill

Angle Drill

Diamond Core Drill

Super Drill

Metal Cutter

Wheel Cutter

Bar Cutter

Rebar Cutter/Bender

Rotary Hammer

Demolition Hammer

Pump

Drill

Cutter

Hammer


3,426.394,823.47

620.141,168.11

269.312,411.11

938.672,111.67

623.75718.61791.25

2,959.891,622.222,196.67

309.721,490.971,154.171,156.951,561.111,566.671,088.341,088.342,122.922,359.58

331.39389.47

4,768.064,768.065,779.175,779.17

496.113,590.14

878.892,415.34

3,434.724,827.64

621.801,166.72

271.502,411.11

938.672,117.22

623.75713.61795.39

2,971.001,622.222,199.45

310.281,490.971,156.951,156.951,568.061,568.061,088.341,088.342,122.922,381.94

333.33393.47

4,759.724,759.725,784.725,784.72

497.223,590.14

881.662,418.11

0.20.10.3

-0.10.80.00.00.30.0

-0.70.50.40.00.10.20.00.20.00.40.10.00.00.00.90.61.0

-0.2-0.20.10.10.20.00.30.1


PriceChange

(%)

Malaysia


2015

2015

2014

2014

Table 3.35 Average Price of Construction Equipment in Peninsular Malaysia



Power Trowel

Concrete Vibrator

Concrete Cutter


Blade Cutter

Fuel Generator Set






Water Pump

Industrial Pump


Rotary Hammer Drill

Hammer Drill

Demolition Drill


Generator

Compressor

Pump

Drill


1,420.841,525.004,166.674,415.001,550.001,550.001,132.921,598.341,061.251,145.84

651.67804.58148.33148.33606.67610.00715.83

6,618.333,712.50

196,225.001,526.673,888.751,321.253,310.841,316.67

15,041.673,229.174,625.42

547.081,093.33

242.922,300.00

886.671,966.67

601.25693.33732.08

2,796.341,543.332,108.33

1,425.001,537.424,175.004,415.001,550.001,550.001,134.581,602.501,065.421,145.84

662.92804.58150.42150.42613.33613.33715.83

6,622.503,720.84

194,975.001,526.673,888.751,321.253,310.841,325.00

15,195.833,254.174,637.92

547.081,089.17

242.822,300.00

886.671,966.67

601.25657.50744.17

2,796.341,543.332,116.67

0.30.80.20.00.00.00.10.30.40.01.70.01.41.41.10.50.00.10.2

-0.60.00.00.00.00.61.00.80.30.0

-0.40.00.00.00.00.0

-5.21.70.00.00.4


PriceChange

(%)

Peninsular Malaysia




74 75

Source : CIDB


Table 3.36 Average Price of Construction Equipment in Sabah



Power Trowel

Concrete Vibrator

Concrete Cutter


Blade Cutter

Fuel Generator Set






Water Pump

Industrial Pump


Rotary Hammer Drill

Hammer Drill

Demolition Drill


Generator

Compressor

Pump

Drill


1,420.841,525.004,166.674,415.001,550.001,550.001,132.921,598.341,061.251,145.84

651.67804.58148.33148.33606.67610.00715.83

6,618.333,712.50

196,225.001,526.673,888.751,321.253,310.841,316.67

15,041.673,229.174,625.42

547.081,093.33

242.922,300.00

886.671,966.67

601.252,099.00

732.082,796.341,543.332,108.33

1,490.001,533.334,233.334,800.001,600.001,600.001,345.001,733.331,066.671,108.33

670.00851.67195.00195.00655.00655.00833.33

6,650.004,033.33

200,833.331,716.674,160.001,450.003,533.331,450.00

15,833.333,666.675,050.00

673.331,219.33

306.672,583.33

979.332,316.67

650.00763.33825.33

3,183.331,671.672,200.00

0.02.20.0

-1.40.00.00.00.00.00.01.50.02.62.60.00.02.00.00.0

-1.10.00.00.00.00.0

-1.00.00.00.70.02.20.00.00.70.00.00.01.10.00.0

Impact Drill

Angle Drill

Diamond Core Drill

Super Drill

Metal Cutter

Wheel Cutter

Bar Cutter

Rebar Cutter/Bender

Rotary Hammer

Demolition Hammer

Cutter

Hammer


277.501,469.581,095.841,104.171,466.671,466.67

926.67926.67

2,085.422,268.75

292.50333.42

4,754.174,754.175,454.175,454.17

440.003,505.42

768.332,278.34

350.001,563.331,250.001,250.001,666.671,666.671,326.671,326.672,211.672,525.00

360.00460.00

4,850.004,850.006,166.676,166.67

571.673,598.33

968.332,517.67

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.30.02.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.90.0



Power Trowel

Concrete Vibrator

Concrete Cutter

Vibratory PlateCompactor



1,376.671,533.334,025.004,638.331,605.001,605.001,215.001,751.67

961.67986.67616.67853.33

1,393.331,533.334,025.004,638.331,605.001,605.001,215.001,768.33

961.67986.67616.67853.33

1.20.00.00.00.00.00.01.00.00.00.00.0

Category of Equipment



Types of Equipment

Types of Equipment

Types of Equipment

Minimum/ Maximum

Price

Minimum/ Maximum

Price

Minimum/ Maximum

Price

Change(%)

Change(%)

Change(%)

Sabah

Sabah

Sarawak




2015

2015

2015

2014

2014

2014

Table 3.37 Average Price of Construction Equipment in Sarawak



76 77

Source : CIDB


Vibrator Poker

Blade Cutter

Fuel Generator Set






Water Pump

Industrial Pump


Rotary Hammer Drill

Hammer Drill

Demolition Drill

Impact Drill

Angle Drill

Diamond Core Drill

Super Drill

Metal Cutter

Wheel Cutter

Generator

Compressor

Pump

Drill

Cutter


153.33158.33616.67616.67756.67

6,655.004,008.33

207,966.671,603.334,205.001,356.673,321.671,305.00

13,850.003,383.334,795.00

645.001,191.67

265.002,350.00

950.002,068.33

620.00720.00816.67

2,933.331,651.672,281.67

301.671,440.001,116.671,116.671,550.001,566.671,011.671,011.672,071.672,316.67

341.67385.00

158.33158.33616.67616.67756.67

6,655.004,008.33

207,333.331,603.334,205.001,356.673,321.671,305.00

13,850.003,383.334,795.00

645.001,191.67

265.002,350.00

950.002,068.33

620.00720.00816.67

2,933.331,651.672,281.67

301.671,440.001,116.671,116.671,566.671,566.671,011.671,011.672,071.672,350.00

341.67385.00

3.30.00.00.00.00.00.0

-0.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.10.00.00.00.01.40.00.0

Bar Cutter

Rebar Cutter/Bender

Rotary Hammer

Demolition Hammer

Hammer


4,700.004,700.005,716.675,716.67

476.673,666.67

908.332,450.00

4,700.004,700.005,716.675,716.67

476.673,666.67

908.332,450.00

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

Category of Equipment Category of EquipmentTypes of Equipment Types of Equipment Minimum/ Maximum

Price

Minimum/ Maximum

PriceChange

(%)Change

(%)

Sarawak Sarawak



2015 20152014 2014

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