Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology...
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Transcript of Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology...
![Page 1: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 3
Part 2
![Page 2: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
This chapter contains a lot of chemistry
• Read your textbook!!!• Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell
biology textbook and read about membranes
• Look at your organic chemistry/chemistry textbooks
• Read about esters, ethers, glycerol and phospholipids
![Page 3: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Look at chapter 3 chemistry worksheet
![Page 4: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Outline• Membrane structure
• Basic backbone• Differences between eukaryotes and
prokaryotes• What is different about archae?
• Membrane function• Transport mechanisms
![Page 5: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Membranes• Get together with a partner(s)• Draw a membrane
– Include 3 of the 4 class of molecules in nature– What is on the outside?– What is one the inside?– Or, inbetween?– How is a eukaryotic membrane diff. from
prokaroytic?– What is the function(s) of a membrane?
![Page 6: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Membrane lipids– Sterols
• Rigid, planar lipids
found in eukaryotic
membranes
• Strengthen and stabilize
membranes
– Hopanoids
• Structurally similar to
sterols
• Present in membranes
of many Bacteria
• a
a = sterol (cholesterol)b = hopanoids
![Page 7: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Phospholipids• H2C-OH• HC-OH Glycerol• H2C-OH
• In phospholipids, two of the OH groups are linked to fatty acids and one of the OH groups is linked to a phosphorylated alcohol
• Fatty acids have a carboxyl group with long hydrocarbon tails
![Page 8: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Phospholipid Backbone• Ester linked
phospholipid (bacteria and eukarya) – Polar headglycerol– Nonpolar tailfatty
acid
• Archaea contain ether-linked lipids
![Page 9: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bacterial /Eukaryotic membranes
• glycerol ester link• R=fatty acid (saturated or unsaturated)
![Page 10: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Archae are different from eukarya and bacteria
• Ether linkage between glycerol and hydrophobic side chains
• Instead of fatty acids, they have side chains composed of the 5C hydrocarbon isoprene– extra CH3 group
![Page 11: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Archaeal Membranes– Ether linkages in phospholipids
– Different from Bacteria and Eukarya that have
ester linkages in phospholipids
– Archaeal lipids lack fatty acids, have
isoprenes instead
– Major lipids are glycerol diethers
![Page 12: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Two types of lipids in archaeal membranes
• Glycerol diether– Contains phytanyl– 4 linked isoprene
units (5 carbons)
![Page 13: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Two types of lipids in archaeal membranes
• Diglycerol tetraether– Contains 2 phytanyl
groups linked together
![Page 14: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Archaea membrane lipids
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Archaea Lipid Structure
• Glycerol diether (phytanyl) forms a bilayer
• Diglycerol tetraether
(biphytanyl) forms a
monolayer
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Questions on Membrane lipids
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Membrane transport systems
• Simple transporters • Phosphotransferase-type transporters (group
translocation)• ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters
• All require energy in some form, usually proton motive force or ATP
![Page 18: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Membrane transport systems
![Page 19: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Simple transport
• Transport proteins = carrier proteins
• Enery or no energy• 1 or 2 molecules
![Page 20: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Proton motor force (PMF) drives transport in symport or antiport
• protons concentrated on outside of cell generates potential energy
• Protons (H+) move from high to low energy• Energy released used to drive the movement of
another molecule from low to high energy
![Page 21: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
H+ goes from high to low concentration while another molecule goes from low to
high concentration
![Page 22: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Next group of transporters = group translocation
• Phosphotransferase-type transporters • the transported substance
is chemically altered during transport
• Examples: glucose, mannose and fructose• Enzymes are first
phosphorylated• Then sugars are
phosphorylated during transport
• Energy derived from PEP
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Last transporters = Periplasmic binding proteins and ABC
transporters
• Periplasm found in
gram – bacteria• Contains numerous
proteins involved in
transport
![Page 24: Chapter 3 Part 2. This chapter contains a lot of chemistry Read your textbook!!! Find your biology 1107 textbook or cell biology textbook and read about.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc15503460f94989456/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ATP binding cassette
• 3 parts
• Periplasmic binding protein• Membrane spanning transporter• ATP hydrolyzing protein
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ABC: ATP Binding Cassette
• Binding protein• Extremely high affinity for substrate• Uptake of nutrients in really low concentration (EX. Maltose)• Gram – cells: periplasmic protein and is mobile• Gram + cells: membrane spanning protein and is attached
• Transporter• Membrane spanning
• ATP hydrolyzing protein• Spans membrane and extends into cytoplasm
• ATP provides energy for transport