Chapter 3 paola mateus tourism
Transcript of Chapter 3 paola mateus tourism
CHAPTER 3TOURISM
AFTER READING AND STUDYING THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: Define tourism Outline the important international and
domestic tourism organizations Describe the economic impact of
tourism Identify promoters of tourism List reasons why people travel Describe the sociocultural impact of
tourism Describe ecotourism
CHARACTERISTICS Year-round economic driver Accounts for 10.2% of world GDP 7.8%
of global workforce Employer of 200 million people or 7.8%
of the global workforce Spending on tourism is $72.3 billion Leading producer of tax revenues
TOURISM OFFERS GREATEST GLOBAL EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS
Trend factors The opening of borders despite security concerns An increase in disposable income and vacations Cheaper and more exclusive flights An increase in the number of people with time and
money to travel More people with the urge to travel
THE WORLD TOURISM
ORGANIZATION STATES: “Tourism comprises the activities of
people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business, and other purposes.”
TOURISM CAN BE CATEGORIZED BY THE FOLLOWING FACTORS: Geography Ownership Function Industry Motive
AIRLINES Change occurred in 1978 Purpose is to allow a free market of
competition (fare structures) Change in companies and the way
airlines are doing business
CHANGES SEEN SINCE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 Business travelers spend less Airlines’ fuel costs, pensions and
security costs are on the rise Major airlines are laying off employees Delivery of new jets is delayed Closing hubs, reservation and
maintenance centers to cut costs
THE HUB-AND-SPOKE SYSTEM Enables passengers to travel from
one smaller city via another smaller city via a hub
Hubs are the centers for connections around the world
BenefitsAirlines can service cities at a lower costAirlines can maximize passenger loads
from small cities, thereby saving fuel
CRUISE SHIPS A floating resort 8.2 million passengers vacationed
on a ship in 2003 alone Most cruise ships sail under foreign
flagsLower labor costUS ships are not permitted to operate
casino-style gamblingLower construction costs
CRUISE MARKET SEGMENTS Mass market Middle market Luxury market
WORLD AND DOMESTIC ORGANIZATIONS Click on the links below for more
information:World Tourism Organization International Air Transportation Organizati
on International Civil Aviation OrganizationOrganization for Economic Cooperation an
d DevelopmentPacific Asia Travel AssociationTravel Industry of AmericaWorld Travel and Tourism Council
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM International travelers spend about
$72.3 billion on travel-related expenses in the US annually
20.8 million people are directly employed in the industry
Travel generates $95.6 billion yearly in tax receipts
Approximately 40 million international travelers visit the US each year
MULTIPLIER EFFECT New money spent by tourists is then re-
spent by hotels and restaurants in the community for goods and services
Leakage occurs when money must be spent outside the community for goods unavailable within the community
TRAVEL AGENCIES Serve as a middle person Agents use computer reservation
systems Make money on commissions charged to
hotels and car rental bookings Charge clients a fee for their services What does the future hold for travel
promoters?
CORPORATE MANAGERS Work within a large corporation Can still work with travel agencies Can also be the “meeting planner”
WHOLESALERS Consolidated services
AirlinesOther transportation carriers Ground service suppliers
Tours Sold to the public
NATIONAL TRAVEL OFFICES National Offices
US now has an NTO Private organization
Examples of other NTO’s Canada Germany Australia
DESTINATION MANAGEMENT COMPANIES Service organizations Meet the needs of their clients They sell destinations Meeting planners Incentive companies
REASONS PEOPLE TRAVEL To experience new
and different surroundings
To experience other cultures
To rest and relax To visit friends and
family To view, or
participate in, sporting/recreational activities
REASONS FOR ANTICIPATED INCREASE IN TOURISM Longer life span Flexible working
hours Early retirement Greater ease of
travel Tendency to take
shorter, more frequent trips
Increase in standard of living
APPEAL OF TRAVEL Scenic beauty Pleasant attitudes of locals Suitable accommodations Rest and relaxation Airfare cost Historic and cultural interests Cuisine Water sports Entertainment Shopping facilities Sports
TRENDS IN BUSINESS TRAVEL Companies are requiring employees to
take the lowest reasonable airfare 37% of employees stay over a Saturday
night when it will reduce the airfare 77% impose a size limit on rental cars,
up from 70% 14% regularly make employees stay in
economy hotels such as Hampton Inn or Courtyard by Marriott
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPACT OF TOURISM Tourism pollution Cultural awareness Higher levels of employment
ECOTOURISM Buzzword Seeks to
minimize the impact of tourism
Natural environment and native cultures
TRENDS IN TOURISM Ecotourism Number of tourist arrivals will continue
to increase Governments will continue to recognize
importance of tourism Increase in number of bi-lateral treaties
MORE TRENDS Internet booking will increase Technology will continue to advance Marketing partnerships and corporate
alliances will continue to improve Ticket-less air travel will become
commonplace Managing destinations has become a
challenge Increase in number of “boutique”
airlines Increase in use of automatic airport
check-ins
EVEN MORE TRENDS… Continued expansion in the cruise
industry More alternate cruises Increased concern for health and safety
of travel and tourism Increase in “nature” tourism