Chapter 3 Notes Ancient India. 2. Aryans (2500BC – 322BC) Group of nomadic tribes who had...
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Transcript of Chapter 3 Notes Ancient India. 2. Aryans (2500BC – 322BC) Group of nomadic tribes who had...
Chapter 3 Notes
Ancient India
2. Aryans (2500BC – 322BC) Group of nomadic tribes who had originally inhabited Central Asia
Tall, fair haired, with clear cut features, they settled in Punjab, in the Indus Valley River region. Fought with the original people of Indus Valley Civilization, who were dark skin and known as Dasyus or Dravidians The superiority of the Aryans resulted in the Dravidian submission and retirement to the south.
The Aryan society was very well organized, ruled by amonarch. Practiced the four Vedas Caste system was introduced and practiced, based onone’s profession:Brahmins: Priests, teachers, intellectualsKhsatriyas: Warriors, soldiersVashya: Traders, merchants, peasantsShudras: People in service of others
Varna (Social Hierarchy)
ShudrasShudras
VaishyasVaishyas
Kshatriyas Kshatriyas
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
BrahminsBrahmins
Vedic PhilosophyThe Vedas are the oldest written text on our
planet today. They date back to the beginning of Indian
civilization and are the earliest literary records of the human
mind.
They have been passed through oral tradition for over
10,000 years, and first appeared in written form between 2500 - 5,000 years
ago.
Veda means “Knowledge” in Sanskrit. Veda means “Knowledge” in Sanskrit.
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DestroyDestroyerer
Shiva
PreservPreserverer
Vishnu
CreatorCreator
Brahman
The TrinityThe Trinity
Mauryan Dynasty• Chandragupta Maurya
• Organizes to fight invasion by Alexander (325 BCE).
Characterized by:Large armies ( thousands of
elephants, chariots, etc.)
Bureaucracy
Autocracy ( marked by strong military and government control)
Ashoka• Grandson of
Chandragupta• Led lavish lifestyle• Extended Mauryan
conquests• Bloodthirsty and Brutal
….but then….• Converted to Buddhism• Urged humane behavior• Helped progress by
investing in roads for trade, technology, etc.
Buddhism
Quest for Answers
• Siddhartha was born a prince, but he questioned the meaning of life.
• Determined to find answers using:
• Meditation
• Fasting
• Learning from different teachers
Enlightenment
• Found it under the Tree of Wisdom while meditating
• Called the Buddha (Enlightened One)
• Spent the rest of his life traveling and teaching his ideas
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
E. Napp
Around 320 A.D.,another greatIndian empireemerged. It
was known asthe Gupta
empire.
E. Napp
The Gupta Empire
• The rulers of the Gupta empire encouraged peace, prosperity, and trade.
• The Gupta empire is considered a golden age of Hindu culture.
• A golden age is a time of peace, prosperity, and great achievements.
MedicineMedicineMedicineMedicine LiteratureLiteratureLiteratureLiterature
MathematicsMathematicsMathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomyAstronomyAstronomy
PrintedPrintedmedicinal medicinal
guidesguides
1000 1000 diseasesdiseasesclassifiedclassified
PlasticPlasticSurgerySurgery
C-sectionsC-sectionsperformeperforme
dd
InoculatioInoculationsns
500 healing500 healingplants plants
identifiedidentified
DecimalDecimalSystemSystem
ConceptConceptof Zeroof Zero
PI = 3.1416PI = 3.1416
KalidasKalidasaa
SolarSolarCalendarCalendar
The The earthearth
is roundis round
GuptaGuptaIndiaIndia
Gupta Gupta AchievemeAchieveme
ntsnts
Gupta Gupta AchievemeAchieveme
ntsnts
1 Billion people, 1 Billion Deities !
Rama GaneshaSarasw
ati
Lakshmi
Nanak
Buddha Christ DeviKrsna
Murugan
Sights of India
Mount Kailas, Himalayas“abode of snow” – in Sanskrit
“Gods blessed region”, Kerala
Western Thar Desert, Rajasthan
The Beauty of Kashmir
Varanasi, Ganges River