Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Matter ► Engage: What’s Shocking Engage: What’s Shocking...
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Transcript of Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Matter ► Engage: What’s Shocking Engage: What’s Shocking...
Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of MatterMatter
► Engage: What’s Shocking► Explore: Particular Properties► Explain: The Solution to Solutions
Part I:Different Charges Part II: Paper Charges Part III: Bending the Rules Part IV: Resolving Dissolving
► Explain: Charge Those Particles Part I: Getting Charged Part II: Ionization vs. DissociationPart II: Ionization vs. Dissociation Part III: Sharing ElectronsPart III: Sharing Electrons
Entry TaskEntry Task►New Seating Chart!.New Seating Chart!.
ENGAGE:ENGAGE:What’s Shocking?What’s Shocking?
Learning TargetLearning TargetI can observe how different solutions conduct electricity.I can observe how different solutions conduct electricity.
Class Work Pgs. 102-104
Process & Procedure: #1-3, 6-8Process & Procedure: #1-3, 6-8
Reflect & Connect: #1-4Reflect & Connect: #1-4 Use IQIAUse IQIA Complete SentencesComplete Sentences Provide examples from activityProvide examples from activity Restate the Law of Conservation of Matter (#3)Restate the Law of Conservation of Matter (#3)
REVIEW & TURN INREVIEW & TURN IN
EXPLORE:EXPLORE:Particular PropertiesParticular Properties
Learning TargetLearning TargetI can group common substances I can group common substances
according to their physical properties.according to their physical properties.
VocabularyVocabulary
►PROPERTIES:PROPERTIES: information about a information about a substance that describes it and helps substance that describes it and helps identify itidentify it
►SOLUBILITY:SOLUBILITY: the ability of a the ability of a substance or material to be dissolvedsubstance or material to be dissolved
►HARDNESS:HARDNESS: a measure of how easily a a measure of how easily a material or substance can be scratchedmaterial or substance can be scratched
►MELTING POINT:MELTING POINT: the temperature the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquidat which a solid becomes a liquid
Class Work Class Work Pgs. 104-108Pgs. 104-108
► Process & Procedure: #2, 5Process & Procedure: #2, 5► Reflect & Connect: #1-4Reflect & Connect: #1-4
Use IQIAUse IQIA Complete SentencesComplete Sentences Provide examples from activityProvide examples from activity Accurately fill place the new substances in the Accurately fill place the new substances in the
proper categories (#2)proper categories (#2) Accurately place water, isopropyl alcohol, and Accurately place water, isopropyl alcohol, and
baby oil in the correct categoriesbaby oil in the correct categories
REVIEW & TURN INREVIEW & TURN IN
Compound Appearance Hardness Conductivity(as solid)
Solubility in Water
Conductivity (as liquid or solution)
MeltingPoint
Aspirin No Weak
Cornstarch No Weak
Deicer No Strong
Epsom Salt No Strong
Paraffin Wax No N/A
Sugar No Weak
Table Salt No Strong
Vitamin C No Weak
Compound Appearance Hardness Conductivity(as solid)
Solubility in Water
Conductivity(as liquid or solution)
MeltingPoint
Aspirin White, Powder
Soft No Partially Weak Low
Cornstarch White, Powder
Soft No Partially Weak Low
Deicer White, Crystals
Hard, Brittle No Yes Strong High
Epsom Salt White, Crystals
Hard, Brittle No Yes Strong High
Paraffin Wax Gray, Greasy Soft No No N/A Low
Sugar White, Crystals
Hard, Brittle No Yes Weak Medium
Table Salt White, Crystals
Hard, Brittle No Yes Strong High
Vitamin C White, Powder
Soft No Partially Weak Low
Strong Conductors (in solution)
Material Common Properties
Deicer Strong conductors
Epsom Salt Soluble in Water
Table Salt High melting temperature
Do not conduct as solid
Crystals
Hard
Weak/Non Conductors (in solution)
Material Common Properties
Aspirin Weak conductors
Cornstarch Soluble or not in Water
Paraffin Low melting temperature
Sugar Do not conduct as solid
Vitamin C Powdery
Soft
EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:The Solution to The Solution to
SolutionsSolutions(PART ONE—Different Charges)(PART ONE—Different Charges)
Pages 111-115Pages 111-115
Learning TargetLearning TargetI understand that all matter is I understand that all matter is
conductive.conductive.
I understand how charges interact.I understand how charges interact.
VocabularyVocabulary
►ELECTROSCOPE:ELECTROSCOPE: a device used to a device used to detect electric chargesdetect electric charges
►CHARGE:CHARGE: a property of all particles a property of all particles that determines whether they are that determines whether they are attracted or repulsed by other attracted or repulsed by other particlesparticles
►CONDUCTION:CONDUCTION: to move or transfer to move or transfer charge from one place to anothercharge from one place to another
Swizzle sticks are made of plastic which are good insulators. These swizzle sticks are connected by a nail.
Metal nails driven through each end of the electroscope.The nails are effective conductors because they are made of metal.
A swizzle stick is taped to an upside-down coffee cup.
Because the knife is Because the knife is more NEGATIVE. That more NEGATIVE. That means that the knife means that the knife BECAME more negative BECAME more negative because it GAINED because it GAINED more negative.more negative.
The glass is The glass is more POSITIVE. more POSITIVE. That means That means that the glass that the glass BECAME more BECAME more positive positive because it LOST because it LOST more negative.more negative.
EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:The Solution to The Solution to
SolutionsSolutions(PART TWO — Paper Charges)(PART TWO — Paper Charges)
PagesPages 115-116115-116
Learning TargetLearning TargetI can explain how plus and minus I can explain how plus and minus
charges interact.charges interact.
I can explain why matter exhibits both I can explain why matter exhibits both positive and negative charges.positive and negative charges.
Process & Procedure 1-4Process & Procedure 1-4Stop & Think 1, 2Stop & Think 1, 2
Examples: Stop & Think 1Examples: Stop & Think 1
Using MICROSCOPIC drawings. Using MICROSCOPIC drawings. Explain what is happening in Explain what is happening in this drawing. Use the terms: this drawing. Use the terms:
charge, conduction, plus, minus, charge, conduction, plus, minus, movement.movement.
EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:The Solution to The Solution to
SolutionsSolutions(PART THREE — Bending the Rules)(PART THREE — Bending the Rules)
PagesPages 117-119117-119
Learning TargetLearning TargetI can infer what kind of molecule water I can infer what kind of molecule water
is based on its conductive behavior.is based on its conductive behavior.
I can determine what substances are I can determine what substances are like water based on water’s conductive like water based on water’s conductive behavior and its physical characteristics behavior and its physical characteristics
of matter.of matter.
Stop & Think 1-3Stop & Think 1-3
Water StreamWater Stream
Water StreamWater Stream
What happens to a water stream when a negative rod is brought near?
The stream is attracted to the negative rod.
Water StreamWater Stream
What happens to a water stream when a positive rod is brought near?
The stream is attracted to the positive rod.
Water StreamWater Stream
Why does the stream attract to both positive and negative rods?
Water has to be both negative and positive.
Water MoleculesWater Molecules
►CompassCompass►DipoleDipole
Water is a polar molecule
Water StreamWater Stream
A stream of water is a random collection of polar molecules.
Water StreamWater Stream
When a negative rod is near, the polar water molecules line up so the positive side attracts to the negative rod.
Water StreamWater Stream
When a positive rod is near, the polar water molecules line up so the negative side attracts to the positive rod.
EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:The Solution to The Solution to
SolutionsSolutions(PART FOUR — Resolving Dissolving)(PART FOUR — Resolving Dissolving)
Readings: Pages 120-122 & 123-124Readings: Pages 120-122 & 123-124WorksheetWorksheet
Learning TargetLearning TargetI can explain what ionic compounds, I can explain what ionic compounds,
polar covalent, and covalent molecules polar covalent, and covalent molecules are and how they interact in solutions are and how they interact in solutions
mixed with water.mixed with water.
VocabularyVocabulary
►ION:ION: a charged particlea charged particle►IONIC COMPOUNDS:IONIC COMPOUNDS: a neutral a neutral
compound made from a combination of compound made from a combination of positive and negative ionspositive and negative ions
►CRYSTAL LATTICE:CRYSTAL LATTICE: the orderly the orderly structure of particles in a solidstructure of particles in a solid
►DIPOLE:DIPOLE: equal but opposite charges equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance that are separated by a short distance
VocabularyVocabulary
►POLAR:POLAR: a particle with an uneven a particle with an uneven distribution of chargedistribution of charge
►SOLVATION:SOLVATION: the process where a the process where a soluble particle is surrounded by soluble particle is surrounded by solvent moleculessolvent molecules
►COVALENT: COVALENT: a bond that is formed a bond that is formed when the electrons are shared when the electrons are shared somewhat equally between the nuclei somewhat equally between the nuclei in a compoundin a compound
Ionic CompoundIonic Compound
Three Types of Three Types of CompoundsCompounds
Solvation Reading Solvation Reading
Pg. 120-122Pg. 120-122
Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
► Made with charged Made with charged particles that attract particles that attract each other to form a each other to form a strong crystal lattice.strong crystal lattice.
► Water can pull the Water can pull the charged particles out charged particles out to form ions.to form ions.
Polar Covalent CompoundsPolar Covalent Compounds
► Made from neutral Made from neutral particles that have a particles that have a + and - side.+ and - side.
► Water can attract to Water can attract to either charged end either charged end and pull the particles and pull the particles out.out.
► The particles keep The particles keep both + and – charge, both + and – charge, so do not form ions.so do not form ions.
Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
► Made from neutral Made from neutral particles that have particles that have evenly distributed evenly distributed charges.charges.
► Water can not pull Water can not pull on any charged on any charged particles, so the particles, so the material will not material will not dissolve nor form dissolve nor form ions.ions.
EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:Charge Those ParticlesCharge Those Particles
(PART ONE – Getting Charged)(PART ONE – Getting Charged)
Pages 125-128Pages 125-128
Learning TargetLearning TargetI can explain how atoms become I can explain how atoms become
positively and negatively charged.positively and negatively charged.
Class WorkClass Work
►Process and Procedure 1Process and Procedure 1►Stop & Think 1-5Stop & Think 1-5
Why do the charges Why do the charges move?move?
ReadingsReadings
Getting Charged Pg. 127Getting Charged Pg. 127
How atoms become chargedHow atoms become charged
►All atoms have a positive All atoms have a positive ProtonProton and and a negative a negative ElectronElectron
►Neutral atoms have an equal number Neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electronsof protons and electrons
►Atoms gain or lose electrons to Atoms gain or lose electrons to become charged ionsbecome charged ions
►Lost electron makes a positive ionLost electron makes a positive ion
►Gained electron makes a negative Gained electron makes a negative ionion
+ e-11e-
11p+
10e-
11p+
Na+Na0 + e-
+ e-17e-
17p+
18e-
17p+
Cl-Cl0+ e-
EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:Charge Those ParticlesCharge Those Particles
(PART TWO – Ionization versus Dissociation)(PART TWO – Ionization versus Dissociation)
Pages 129-131Pages 129-131
Learning TargetLearning Target
I can explain what ionization I can explain what ionization and dissociation are.and dissociation are.
Process and Procedure 1-4Process and Procedure 1-4
VocabularyVocabulary
►IONIZATION:IONIZATION: any process that any process that results in the formation of an ionresults in the formation of an ion
►DISSOCIATION: DISSOCIATION: the process in which the process in which ions are separatedions are separated
►IONIZATION ENERGY:IONIZATION ENERGY: the energy the energy required to remove one electron from required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an elementa neutral atom of an element
EXPLAIN:EXPLAIN:Charge Those ParticlesCharge Those Particles
(PART THREE – Sharing Electrons)(PART THREE – Sharing Electrons)
Pages 131-139Pages 131-139
Learning TargetLearning TargetI will learn how to use ionization energy I will learn how to use ionization energy
and electronegativity to explain how and electronegativity to explain how atoms share electrons.atoms share electrons.
VocabularyVocabulary
►ELECTRONEGATIVITY:ELECTRONEGATIVITY: the the measure of the ability of an atom in a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract chemical compound to attract electronselectrons
Class WorkClass Work
►Process and Procedure 1-5Process and Procedure 1-5►Reflect & Connect 1-4Reflect & Connect 1-4