Chapter 3 Geography and Early History of Africa. LEQ’s What is Africa’s relative location in...
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Transcript of Chapter 3 Geography and Early History of Africa. LEQ’s What is Africa’s relative location in...
![Page 1: Chapter 3 Geography and Early History of Africa. LEQ’s What is Africa’s relative location in the world? How have landforms influenced movement.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d085503460f949d9ab7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Africa
Chapter 3Geography and Early
History of Africa
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LEQ’s
What is Africa’s relative location in the world?
How have landforms influenced movement across Africa?
What natural resources are important to African nations?
Vocabulary: Escarpment, cataract, hydroelectric power
Section 1- The shape of the land
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Describe the relative location of Africa using the map on the following slide.
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Centrally located on Earth’s surface
Straddles the equator To the West is the Atlantic Ocean and to the
East is the Indian Ocean. To the North is the Mediterranean Sea and to the Northeast is the Red Sea.
Relative location of Africa
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Regions of Africa
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http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/afnewlnd.gif
Most of Africa is vast plateaus with escarpments and cataracts http://
image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/154792/107629448/stock-photo-nieuwoudtville-waterfall-on-the-bokkeveld-plateau-in-south-africa-107629448.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Bandiagara_Escarpment_Mali.jpg
Great Rift Valley: http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/uploads/cmimg_72656.jpg
Contains some of Africans most fertile farmland
Rich in minerals and metals Mining and transportation are difficult due to
steep cliffs , high mountains and deep valleys- makes building roads and railroads dangerous and costly.
Landforms
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Provide:
Fish Water for irrigation Means of transportation Source of hydroelectricity
Nile River http://www.globalresearch.ca/articlePictures/nile%20river%20basin.jpg http://knowledgegeekss.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/nile.jpg http://
ssrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/egypt/The%20Nile%20River%20Gift%20from%20the%20Gods_files/image002.jpg
Aswan Dam http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/34/76234-004-2A9B844D.jpg
Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam http://www.ethiogermany.de/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Nile_Basin_Countries.jpg
Major rivers map http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/images/africahydrology.jpg
Rivers
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Rivers are a major source of precious metals
Diamonds and gold Major reason for Europe's interest in Africa
Mineral exports Copper, platinum, cobalt, oil. Most profit from natural resources flow out of
Africa due to foreign companies investing in mining.
Uneven distribution Few African nations have oil to export so most
countries rely on expensive imported oil. Much of Africa is not fertile and uncertain
rainfall makes farming difficult. https://www.schoology.com/page/74753779
Natural Resources
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LEQ’s How do climates differ across Africa? What way of life did Africans
develop? How do Africa’s language reflect its
cultural diversity? Vocabulary: tropics, drought,
leaching, desertification
Section 2- Climate and Diversity
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Climate Regions
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80% of continent is tropics because the
equator runs through the middle so the area between the Tropic of Capricorn and Cancer is generally warm all year.
Coolest parts of the region are found in the highlands because of increased elevation.
Role of Latitude and Elevation
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http://
education.randmcnally.com/pdf/edpub/Africa_Precipitation.pdf
Rainfall
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Tropical wet(rainforest) Tropical wet and dry(Savanna) Deserts Mediterranean
Four major climate zones
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Narrow belt along the equator (8% of Africa) Hot and humid all year around Average temp 80 60-120 inches of rain per year Plentiful plant and animal life Poor soil due to leaching Poor place to live due to :
Disease carrying insects breed in standing pools of water
Termites attack wood buildings and furniture Dampness causes mold and rotting in everyday
items.
Tropical Wet(Rainforest)
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Largest climate zone that covers almost half the continent.
Warm all year Summer(rainy season)- hot and wet Winter(dry season)- warm with little or no rainfall
20-80 inches of rainfall per year (depends on distance from the equator)
Close to the equator – wetter part and supports many trees and grasses
Outer edge- semi-arid(very dry) with short rainy season; scattered grass and small trees.
Tropical Wet and Dry(Savanna)
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Unpredictable rainfall
Rain may be heavy or light Come weeks early or weeks late Drought Heavy downpours wash away the soil
and cause flooding http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/photos/savannah/#/acacia-tree-africa_4
1_600x450.jpg
Desertification- explain:
Tropical Wet and Dry(Savanna) Continued
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Cover 40% of Africa Sahara http://
www.slideshare.net/Socialesdigital/sahara-7422704?utm_source=slideshow02&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=share_slideshow
http://www.slideshare.net/pacific2000/sahara-desert-north-africa?utm_source=slideshow02&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=share_slideshow
Larger than the US Temps reach as high as 130 Can go for 10 years without rainfall 10 inches average rainfall per year Few grassy areas that can support
grazing animals
Deserts
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Kalahari
Not as dry as Sahara and supports grasses and wild melons and antelopes graze here.
Namib
Driest places on earth; small trees get mist from nearby Atlantic Ocean
Deserts Continued
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Summers are hot and dry; winters are cooler and moist Mild climates and fertile soil support many crops and
herding
Mediterranean
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Population: 1.033 Billion (2013) http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
lOifKKWLVgM/UF6_nw11znI/AAAAAAAACYg/OojmZVuP3kY/s1600/africa_population_density.jpg
Most populous countries in Africa: Nigeria: 173,611,131 Ethiopia: 95,045,679 Egypt: 82,196,587 Democratic Republic of the Congo: 67,363,365 South Africa: 52,914,243
What influences where the people live?
Population
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Very diverse cultures that have different histories, religious beliefs, values and traditions.
Basic societies in Africa Herding Fishing Hunting- very few societies remain Food gathering- very few societies remain Urban
Majority of Africans live in the Savanna Cities flourish along the Mediterranean coast, the
Savanna of West Africa and the coast of East Africa.
Adapting to the land
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Estimated that 2,000-3,000 different
languages are spoken in Africa. With as many as 8,000 different dialects Official Languages of Africa.docx
How does having so many languages and dialects affect the people?
Languages
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maps\religions.docx
Christianity- European Christian missionaries spread their religion to replace traditional African religion.
Islam- Muslim traders spread the teachings of Islam.
Traditional African Beliefs- read traditional beliefs section on page 91 in text and write a summary of there beliefs.
Religion
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Research a traditional African religion and
present the beliefs to the class.
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Social OrganizationFamily