Chapter 3 Fresh Chapter 3 Fresh Water ResourcesWater ResourcesSection 1: Water to DrinkSection 1: Water to Drink

Ch. 3 Water to Drink, Section 1 Ch. 3 Water to Drink, Section 1 Learning Objectives: Water to DrinkLearning Objectives: Water to Drink

Describe sources of drinking water Describe sources of drinking water and how it is treated and distributed.and how it is treated and distributed.

Explain what happens to waste waterExplain what happens to waste water

1. Water quality1. Water quality

The degree of purity of water, The degree of purity of water, determined by measuring the determined by measuring the substances in water, besides water substances in water, besides water molecules. molecules.

2. pH2. pH

How acidic or basic a substance is, How acidic or basic a substance is, measured on a scale of 1 (very measured on a scale of 1 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic).acidic) to 14 (very basic).

3. Hardness3. Hardness

The level of the minerals calcium and The level of the minerals calcium and magnesium in water.magnesium in water.

4. Concentration4. Concentration

The amount of one substance in a The amount of one substance in a certain volume of another substance.certain volume of another substance.

Water Treatment ProcessWater Treatment Process

View before going over definitions:View before going over definitions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9z

14l51ISwg14l51ISwg

5. Filtration5. Filtration

The process of passing water through The process of passing water through a series of screens that allow the a series of screens that allow the water through, but not larger solid water through, but not larger solid particles.particles.

6. Flocs6. Flocs

Sticky globs created by adding a Sticky globs created by adding a chemical such as alum during water chemical such as alum during water treatment. treatment.

7. Coagulation7. Coagulation

The process by which particles in a The process by which particles in a liquid clump together; a step in the liquid clump together; a step in the water treatment process. water treatment process.

Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Pharmaceuticals in Drinking WaterWater

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8M6MRqirKk&feature=relatedM6MRqirKk&feature=related

Fish PharmFish Pharm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Phttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_P

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8. Sewage8. Sewage

Water containing human wastes.Water containing human wastes.

Sewage Treatment ProcessSewage Treatment Process

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxgpK1EUZns&feature=relatedgpK1EUZns&feature=related

9. Sludge9. Sludge

Deposits of fine solids that settle out Deposits of fine solids that settle out from wastewater during the from wastewater during the treatment process.treatment process.

10. Septic tank10. Septic tank

An underground tank containing An underground tank containing bacteria that treat wastewater as it bacteria that treat wastewater as it passes through.passes through.

11. Leach field11. Leach field

The ground area around a septic tank The ground area around a septic tank through which wastewater filters through which wastewater filters after leaving the tank.after leaving the tank.

NotesNotes

1. Our drinking water either comes 1. Our drinking water either comes from a ________________ or from a ________________ or _____________ water supply._____________ water supply.

surface

underground

2. Four sources of drinking water2. Four sources of drinking water

a.a.

b.b.

c.c.

dd..

lakes

rivers

reservoirs

aquifer

3. _________________________, 3. _________________________,

_________________________, and _________________________, and

_______________________are three _______________________are three

factors that affect water quality.factors that affect water quality.

acidity

hardness

Disease-causing organisms

4. On the pH scale ______ to ______ 4. On the pH scale ______ to ______ would be acidic, ______is neutral, and would be acidic, ______is neutral, and _____ to _____ is basic. _____ to _____ is basic.

0 6

7

8 14

5. pH stands for 5. pH stands for

_________________________._________________________.

pH level refers to the amount of acid and pH level refers to the amount of acid and alkaline contained inside of both the water alkaline contained inside of both the water and the growing medium or soil.  If the and the growing medium or soil.  If the environment is too acidic, the plant will not environment is too acidic, the plant will not attract enough hydrogen, while an attract enough hydrogen, while an environment that is too alkaline will attract environment that is too alkaline will attract too much hydrogen.  too much hydrogen.  

An environment that continually fluctuates An environment that continually fluctuates from one extreme on the pH scale to the from one extreme on the pH scale to the

other is unhealthy for the plant.other is unhealthy for the plant.

potential Hydrogen

6. __________ water contains high 6. __________ water contains high levels of _______________ and levels of _______________ and ______________.______________.

hard

calcium

magnesium

7. ____________________ is added to 7. ____________________ is added to drinking water to drinking water to

__________________________.__________________________.

chlorine

Kill disease causing micro-organisms

Chapter 3 Fresh Chapter 3 Fresh WaterWater

Section 2: Balancing Water Section 2: Balancing Water NeedsNeeds

DroughtDrought

A water shortage caused by scarce A water shortage caused by scarce rainfall in a particular area.rainfall in a particular area.

13. Conservation13. Conservation

The process of using a resource The process of using a resource wisely so it will not be used up.wisely so it will not be used up.

14. Desalination14. Desalination

The process of obtaining fresh water The process of obtaining fresh water from salt water by removing the salt.from salt water by removing the salt.

1. A water shortage occurs when 1. A water shortage occurs when therethere

is _______________water, or too greatis _______________water, or too great

a _______________, or both.a _______________, or both.

too little

demand

2. Three major forms of water 2. Three major forms of water conservation by industries:conservation by industries:

– A.A.

– B.B.

– C. C.

Reduce water

Recycle water

Reuse water

3. Two possible future sources of fresh3. Two possible future sources of fresh water are___________________ and water are___________________ and _________________._________________.

*Environmental questions with the ice berg:*Environmental questions with the ice berg:How would a huge mass of ice offshore affect the How would a huge mass of ice offshore affect the

local weather?local weather?

What would happen to the living things as the ice What would happen to the living things as the ice cooled around it?cooled around it?

Salt water (desalination)icebergs

4. Five ways you can conserve water at 4. Five ways you can conserve water at home:home:

A.A.

B.B.

C.C.

D.D.

E.E.

Take shorter showersScrub vegetables in a basin of water, not under running water

Keep a pitcher of drinking water in the refrigerator instead of running the water till it gets cold

Turn off the faucet instead of letting it run

Only run the washing machine when you have a full load

Chapter 3 Fresh Chapter 3 Fresh WaterWater

Section 3: Freshwater Section 3: Freshwater PollutionPollution

Water: The basics of use, pollution, and our health in 5 minutes. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMmpg35Bym0

15. Water pollution15. Water pollution

The addition of any substance that The addition of any substance that has a negative effect on water or the has a negative effect on water or the living things that depend on the living things that depend on the water. water.

16. Point source16. Point source

A specific source of pollution that can A specific source of pollution that can be identified, such as a pipe.be identified, such as a pipe.

17. Nonpoint source17. Nonpoint source

A widely spread source of pollution A widely spread source of pollution that is difficult to link to a specific that is difficult to link to a specific point of origin, such as road runoff. point of origin, such as road runoff.

18. Acid rain18. Acid rain

Rain that is more acidic than normal, Rain that is more acidic than normal, caused by the release of molecules caused by the release of molecules of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the air. into the air.

19. Pesticide19. Pesticide

A chemical intended to kill insects A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage and other organisms that damage crops.crops.

1. Four major sources of water 1. Four major sources of water pollution are:pollution are:

A.A.

B.B.

C.C.

D.D.

Human wastes

Industrial wastes

Agricultural chemicals

Runoff from roads

2. _______________________ is 2. _______________________ is

caused by ________________waste.caused by ________________waste.

Cholera

bacteria in human

3. Three types of industrial 3. Three types of industrial pollutants:pollutants:

A.A.

B.B.

C. C.

Chemicals

Smoke and exhaust

Heat pollution

4. __________________rain is caused4. __________________rain is caused

by the _________________and by the _________________and

____________released by smokestacks ____________released by smokestacks

and ___________exhaust.and ___________exhaust.

Acid

Sulfur dioxide

Nitrogen oxide

car, truck, bus

5. The rich supply of nutrients from 5. The rich supply of nutrients from _____________________encourages the _____________________encourages the growth of ________________and algae growth of ________________and algae in nearby bodies of water.in nearby bodies of water.

fertilizersplants

What can you do?What can you do?

See Dr. Eddie Widder is doing-Making See Dr. Eddie Widder is doing-Making Water Pollution Visible:Water Pollution Visible:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzjssMaQr6AjssMaQr6A

Chapter 3 Fresh Chapter 3 Fresh WaterWater

Section 4: Water as an Section 4: Water as an Energy ResourceEnergy Resource

20. Kinetic energy20. Kinetic energy

The form of energy that an object The form of energy that an object has when it is moving. has when it is moving.

21. Potential energy21. Potential energy

Energy that is stored and waiting to Energy that is stored and waiting to be used.be used.

22. Hydroelectric power22. Hydroelectric power

Electricity produced by the kinetic Electricity produced by the kinetic energy of water moving over a energy of water moving over a waterfall or dam.waterfall or dam.

1. Four types of Energy in a Hydroelectric Power 1. Four types of Energy in a Hydroelectric Power PlantPlant

A.A.

B.B.

C.C.

D.D. Hydroelectric power: Hydroelectric power:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnPEtwQtmGQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnPEtwQtmGQ Pg. 107 in textPg. 107 in text

Kinetic energy-form of energy an object has when it is moving

Potential energy-energy stored and waiting to be used

Hydroelectric power-electricity produced by the kinetic energy of water moving over a waterfall or a dam.Electrical energy

2. Three negative impacts a dam can have 2. Three negative impacts a dam can have on an area on an area

A.A.

B.B.

C.C.

Flooding the land can destroy wildlife habitats as well as farms and towns

organisms can not survive the change of once fast moving waters becoming still

The dam is a barrier across the river and it may prevent fish from traveling to the parts of a river where they usually lay their eggs and young fish are hatched.

Three positive impacts a dam can Three positive impacts a dam can have on an area have on an area

A.A.

B.B.

C. C.

Water power is the least expensive

Dams can supply water for irrigation and help in flood control

Water is the least polluting large scale energy source