Chapter 3 egyptian art
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Transcript of Chapter 3 egyptian art
Egyptian Art
Chapter 3
Egypt
• 2500 BCE
• What is backbone of Egypt?
• Defined cultures
• Discovery in 18th century ?
• Napoleon
• Rosetta Stone
Hierakonpolis – Egypt – Predynastic – 3500 BCE – Paint and Plaster
1st Dynasty – Narmer Palette
• Creation of Kingdoms of Two Great Lands• Upper and lower Egypt• Goddess Hathor• Horizontal bands• Crown = upper Egypt• Horus- God Protector• Intertwined animals = unification?
Palette of Narmer – Is the beginning of Egyptian laws of representation
• Commemorative rather than funerary
Mastaba -
• Insure happiness in the afterlife
• Rectangular
• Brick with slope
• Shaft connected this chamber w/ outside providing a place for the Ka to leave and come back into the Mastaba.
• What was inside of the Mastaba?
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What do the Egyptians do to prepare tomb for the afterlife?
• Embalming the body to keep it intact for as long as possible
• Organs removed• Canopic Jars• 40 days for salt to dehydrate the body• Amulets and scarabs with the corpse• Spells• Happiness in the afterlife = Goal of the tomb• Eye of Horus
Stepped Pyramid
• Imhotep – Royal builder for King Djoser 2630
• High Priestess • Pyramid had
chambers underground and galleries
• North side placement facing Northern Stars
Columnar Entrance to the Mortuary area of Djoser – 2630-2611BCE
• Resemble Greek Columns
• Emerged into a courtyard
• Engaged columns not freestanding
Mortuary Precinct of Djoser – 2630 BCE –courtyards, temples, courts
The Old Kingdom –Gizeh, Egypt
Great Pyramids 2490 BCE Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure
• Enormous cost • New style – due to a new
type of religion• Symbols of the sun• Kings in the Pyramids
were -Reborn in the afterlife
• Limestone coating• 450 FT• East side placement –
with the rising sun• Sun rays ramp to the sun
Valley of the Kings
Khafre, - 2520BCE, Diorite,wears a kilt, sitting upright, God Horus, False beard, royal linen headdress, and cobra of kingship. Intertwined lotus
and papyrus plants
• Menkaure and the Queen, 2490BCE
• Left leg advancement• Martial Status, How?
Seated Scribe- from his Mastaba – 2450BCE -Limestone
• Egyptian Realism• Position of Honor• Some statues were
painted, not all.• What is a scribe?• Signs of age?
Ka –Aper – from his Mastaba 2450 BCE –WoodAlmost looks alive, on a ground, realism, Saggy stomach
Ti watching a hippopotamus hunt, relief in Mastaba of Ti – 2450BCE
• For adornment of a tomb
• Stems• Egyptian canon of
proportions- fixed number of squares
The Middle Kingdom
• 2150 Pharaoh’s power was challenged, the Pharaoh of Upper Egypt Mentuhotep II united Egypt again = Middle Kingdom
• What is so different about this face?
• ( Fragmentary head of Senusret III, 1860BCE)
• Senusret’s tomb was mud brick
Rock cut tombs- Beni Hasan – Egypt -1950BCE
Rock cut tombs replaced Mastabas - columned hallways, like Greek columns
Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut @ Deir el-Bahri - Egypt- 1473BCE
• Ramps, colonnades, in natural setting• Gardens and rare plants would be placed around the tomb area• Inside art of her coronation and birth
Hatshesput with offering Jars – 1473BCE – Red Granite
around 200 sculpture were made of Hatshesput, seen often as a sphinxPortrayed as a male
Ramses
• Great warrior Pharaoh
• Lived longer than any Pharaoh
• Wanted to restore empire
• 4 collosal statues stand in front of his Temple façade
• 8 times as large as Hatshesput’s statues
• Lack detail
Temple of Ramses II -1290 – 1124 BCE
Hypostyle Hall- @Karnak, Egypt – 1290-1224 BCE
• New Kingdom temples often had Hypostyle halls
Senmut with Princess Nefrua 1470BCE
• Ka may find home in block sculptures
• Hatshepsuts (Hat-shep-sutt) chancellor holds the baby girl Princess Nefrua ( Neff-err-roo-ray)
Fowling Scene form the tomb of Nebamun- 1400-BCE
• Enjoying his afterlife• Hieroglyphics• Birds• Wild cat• Wife and daughter are with
him hunting• Fresco secco ( dry fresco)
used to create wall painting. (let plaster dry before painting on it)
Akhenaton and the Amarna Period
• Nerbamun laid to rest in his tomb• Pharaoh Akhenaton (1353bce) rises as
Pharoah• He abandoned worshipping Egyptian
Gods for just one God. • Emptied temples of gods• Worshipped in art as a sun disk or a
animal• Religious Revolution
Akhenaton – Karnak – Egypt 1353 BCE
• Profound changes in art happened during his rule
• Went against established style?
Queen Nefertiti- 1353, Limestone
Found in Thutmose’s workshop, unfinished
Queen Tiye – 1353BCe- wood with gold and silver
• Lines in her face• Influential • Heavy set eyes, lips painted
red• headband
Akhenaton, Nefertiti and 3 daughters – 1353BCE
• Life giving rays of the god Aton
• Family picture
King Tut 1333-1323
• Most likely Akhenatons son by a minor wife
• 3 coffins• Beaten gold, inlaid with
stones, lapis lazuli, turquoise
• Portrait Mask• Egyptian power and pride
Book of Dead in Hu-Nefer’s Tomb – 1290BCE
• Cult of Osiris – spells and prayers, 70 ft. of spells, prayers, texts