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Chapter 3Creating Curriculum
“In emergent curriculum, teachers and children together decide what to do and teachers participate in learning alongside children, asking their own questions and
conducting their own quest” (Wein, 2008).
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Early Childhood Curriculum Curriculum is child-centered/child-
initiated Provides for all of the child’s
development Encourages learning by doing Is inclusive with appropriate services Supports diverse cultural and
linguistic heritage Invites creativity Facilitates physical activity and play Involves families
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Multilevel Process Philosophy
Expresses basic principles, attitudes and beliefs of program
Goals General overviews of what children are
expected to gain Objectives
Specific teaching techniques or interpretations of the goals
Meaningful descriptions of what is expected to be learned
Designed to meet the physical, intellectual, cultural, social, emotional, and creative development of each child
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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DAP Curriculum Goals are developmentally and
educationally significant Learning experiences reflect what is known
about: Young children in general Young children in particular The sequences in which children acquire
specific concepts, skills and abilities
Builds on prior experience
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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NAEYC Ethical Core Values Components
1. Appreciate childhood as a unique and valuable stage of the human life cycle
2. Base our work on knowledge of how children develop and learn
3. Appreciate and support the bond between the child and family
4. Recognize that children are best understood and supported in the context of family, culture, community, and society
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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NAEYC Ethical Core Values (continued) Components
5. Respect the dignity, worth, and uniqueness of each individual (child, family member, and colleague)
6. Respect diversity in children, families, and colleagues
7. Recognize that children and adults achieve their full potential in the context of relationships that are based on trust and respect
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Process of Curriculum Development Ongoing Both planned and unplanned Based on child developmental
theories Child-centered, child-directed Provides for effective use of
personnel, time, space, equipment, and materials
Inclusive, integrated, emergent
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Planning and Scheduling Goals and objectives
Both should be developmentally appropriate
Routines and schedule Both create a framework for security
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Daily Schedule A schedule is a framework of basic
time lines, curricula, and activities
ARRIVAL DEPARTURE REST/NAPTIME
TRANSITIONSROUTINES
(events that fit into the schedule)
MEALS & SNACKS
ACTIVITY TIMEDIAPERING &
TOILETINGOUTDOOR
ACTIVITIES
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Key Terms Inclusive curriculum
Underscores the importance of individual differences, special needs, and cultural and linguistic diversity among young children, allowing for children to learn at their own pace and style
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Key Terms (continued)
Integrated curriculum Encourages young children to transfer
knowledge and skills from one subject to another while using all aspects of their development
Emergent curriculum Emerges out of the interests and
experiences of the children
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Curriculum Models and Programs
Head Start
BankStreet
Montessori
High/Scope
ReggioEmilia
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Montessori “Absorbent minds” Environment important Hands-on activities Involvement of family Attitude of cooperation rather than
competition Self-correcting materials Didactic materials Focus on daily living tasks Sensorial and conceptual materials
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Head Start Publicly funded Comprehensive services Aimed at low-income, at-risk children
and families Low child-staff ratio Written curriculum plan known as
performance standards
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Head Start (continued)
Ten percent of enrollment available for children with special needs
Involvement of families Early Head Start to promote infant and
toddler development
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Bank Street Founded by Lucy Sprague Mitchell Child-centered learning Emphasizes the interaction between the
child and the environment and interaction between the cognitive and affective (developmental interaction)
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Bank Street (continued)
Creation of meaning is the central task of childhood
Distinct learning centers Opportunities for children to experience
democratic living Flexibility in the schedule Synonymous with “open education”
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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High/Scope Created under leadership of David Weikert
Began as an intervention program for low-income, at-risk children
High/Scope Perry Preschool Study
Active learning
Plan-do-review sequence
Emphasizes key experiences now known as key developmental indicators (KDIs)
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Reggio Emilia
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Multicultural/Anti-Bias Considerations Changing demographics Discover your own cultural uniqueness Explore your feelings about people who
differ from you culturally, racially, or because of special needs
Anti-bias actively challenges prejudice, stereotyping, and unfair treatment of an individual or group of individuals
Ultimate goal is the development of each child to his or her fullest potential
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Multicultural/Anti-Bias Considerations (continued)
Culture is learned and is something that members of a group share in common
Recognize differences within cultures and within families
Curriculum is one that actively challenges prejudice and stereotyping
Expanding learning experiences to include others helps young children develop values, respect, and a cultural sense of belonging
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Curriculum Development
Themes and units
Child
Projects
WebsLessonplans
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Themes and Units A theme is a broad concept or topic A unit is a section of the curriculum Basic concepts for developing
thematic curriculum Merge play with child-directed and
teacher-initiated experiences Should be developmentally
appropriate Support a positive self-esteem Activities should be adaptable
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Projects A project is an in-depth investigation
Addresses the four major learning goals of all education
Can be done by a small group, entire class, or individual child
Inquiry skills are utilized Goes through 3 phases
1. Choose a topic
2. Investigate the topic (co-learning)
3. Review and reflect about what you have learned
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Curriculum Webs Graphic representation of brainstorming
ideas
Integrate various learning activities
Develop the scope and content of the theme
Child-centered webbing can be used to create activities that focus on the identified needs/goals
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Lesson and Activity Plans Lesson plans involve making series of
choices Specific planning time Planning form “Things to remember” form/checklist
Activity plan Step-by-step procedures Writing measurable objectives
Key words
©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.