CHAPTER 4 CARBON & MOLECULAR DIVERSITY Check your knowledge by answering the questions in red.
Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life.
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Transcript of Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life.
You Must Know
• The cellular functions of lipids.
• How the sequence and subcomponents of lipids determine their properties.
• The basic structure of a nucleic acid.
• How changes in organic molecules would affect their function.
Concept 3.4: Lipids are a diverse group of molecules
• What do these molecules have in common?
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fats
OH
OH
OH
Glycerol
Hydroxyl
HO
HO
HO
Fatty Acid
carboxyl
triglyceride
Ester linkage
• Fatty acids vary in length (number of carbons) and in the number and locations of double bonds
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
(a) Saturated fat
Structuralformula of asaturated fatmolecule
Space-fillingmodel ofstearic acid,a saturatedfatty acid
Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no carbon carbon double bonds.
(b) Unsaturated fat
Structuralformula of anunsaturated fat molecule
Space-fillingmodel of oleic acid, an unsaturatedfatty acid Double bond
causes bending.
Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more carbon carbon double bonds.
• The major function of fats is energy storage• Fat is a compact way for animals to carry their
energy stores with them
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.14ab
(a) Structural formula (b) Space-filling model
Choline
Phosphate
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Hyd
rop
hili
c h
ead
Hyd
rop
ho
bic
tai
ls
Phospholipids
Figure 3.14cd
Hydrophilichead
(d) Phospholipid bilayer
(c) Phospholipid symbol
Hydrophobictails
Steroids
Concept 3.6: Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary information
• The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance called a gene
• Genes are made of DNA, a nucleic acid made of monomers called nucleotides
• There are two types of nucleic acids– Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)– Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.26aSugar-phosphate backbone(on blue background)
(a) Polynucleotide, or nucleic acid
(b) Nucleotide
5 end
3 end
5C
5C
3C
3C
Phosphategroup Sugar
(pentose)
Nitrogenousbase
Nucleoside