Chapter 3 Birth Of Civilisations
40
Chapter Three Birth of Civilisations Chapter 3 Slide 1
description
chp 3 birth of civilisations
Transcript of Chapter 3 Birth Of Civilisations
Chapter ThreeChapter Three
Birth of Civilisations
Chapter 3 Slide 1
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
1. What are ‘civilisations’, ‘kingdoms’ and ‘empires’?
2. What were the factors that led to the rise of civilisations?
3. What are the features of a civilisation?
Chapter 3 Slide 2
This picture shows how people lived thousands of years ago. How are their lives different from ours?
Chapter 3 Slide 3
How civilisations began…How civilisations began…
Chapter 3 Slide 4
Early people roamed around to hunt for animals and gather
food.
Chapter 3 Slide 5
Later, people began to live in small groups after learning how to grow crops and rear animals.
When these groups of people come together and develop a way of life, they are said to share the same culture.
Chapter 3 Slide 6
When a culture has developed over a long time and becomes
advanced, we call it a civilisation.
Chapter 3 Slide 7
RECAP!! RECAP!!
What is a civilisation?
From the Latin word civilis
Has to do with people who live in cities
People sharing a common culture
Chapter 3 Slide 8
Cradle of CivilisationCradle of Civilisation
The cradle of a civilisation refers to the place where a civilisation first began.
What do you think were the conditions that led to the rise of civilisations?
Chapter 3 Slide 9
Ordinary people and lands
Chiefs
KingsWhat Is a Kingdom?What Is a Kingdom?
Chapter 3 Slide 10
EmperorWhat Is an Empire?What Is an Empire?
Ordinary people and lands
Kings
Chiefs
Chapter 3 Slide 11
RECAP!!RECAP!!
What is the difference between a kingdom and
an empire?
Chapter 3 Slide 12
Civilisation in IndiaCivilisation in India
Origins
Features
Decline
Arrival of the Aryans
The Indus Valley Civilisation
Chapter 3 Slide 13
OriginsOrigins Began
around 3000 BCE
Dravidians settled in the Indus plains
Built cities e.g. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
Chapter 3 Slide 14
A map showing the extent of the Indus Valley Civilisation
What were the features of the Indus Valley Civilisation?
What were the features of the Indus Valley Civilisation?
Chapter 3 Slide 15
GovernmentGovernment
Architectural evidence — well-planned streets, a drainage system, public buildings and a citadel
Chapter 3 Slide 16
The ruins of a street in Mohenjo-daro
Variety of OccupationsVariety of Occupations
Chapter 3 Slide 17
Farmers, craftsmen and traders
King-priests who conducted religious ceremonies
Indus seals–probably used by traders for identifying goods
WritingWriting
Chapter 3 Slide 18
Not deciphered yet
A seal depicting a bull
Why Did the Indus Valley Civilisation
Decline?
Why Did the Indus Valley Civilisation
Decline?Probable causes :
Severe floods killed many and forced others to leave
Invasion by another people — the Aryans
Chapter 3 Slide 19
The AryansThe Aryans Nomads, came
from the western part of Asia
Entered India in small groups, fought with Dravidians, but settled down
Gradually moved eastwards into Ganges valley
Cultures of Dravidians and Aryans gradually mixed, as seen in Hinduism
Chapter 3 Slide 20
Movement of Aryans into Ganges Valley
Civilisation in ChinaCivilisation in China
Origins
Features
Decline
Chapter 3 Slide 21
The Shang dynasty
A map showing the extent of the Shang dynasty
Longshan (2200 BCE) People reared
animals and farmed Lived in walled
communities Made pottery from
potters’ wheels
The Yangshao and Longshan villages
OriginsOrigins
Yangshao (3000 BCE) People hunted, reared animals and farmed
Chapter 3 Slide 22
What were the features of the
Shang Civilisation?
What were the features of the
Shang Civilisation?
Chapter 3 Slide 23
Ruled by kings from same family line
Picture of the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) of the Shang dynasty
GovernmentGovernment
Chapter 3 Slide 24
Lived in capital city,ruled surrounding villages and smaller cities
Temples, palaces storehouses in capital city
Merchants
Craftsmen
Priests
Farmers
Chapter 3 Slide 25
Variety of OccupationsVariety of Occupations
Pictograms
Found on oracle bones
Over 3 000 characters
The basis of modern Chinese script
Chapter 3 Slide 26
WritingWriting
End of the Shang DynastyEnd of the Shang Dynasty
Chapter 3 Slide 27
Last Shang king assassinated in 1100 BCE
Western Zhou 1523–1027 BCE
Eastern Zhou 1027–221 BCE
Qin 221–206 BCE
Han 202 BCE–220 CE
Sui 581–617 CE
Tang 618–907 CE
Song 960–1279 CE
Yuan 1279–1368 CE
Ming 1368–1644 CE
Qin 1644–1912 CE
Successive dynasties
Civilisations in Southeast AsiaCivilisations in Southeast Asia
Growth
Features
Chapter 3 Slide 28
A map of Southeast Asia
Consists of present-day Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar
Rivers that flow through these areas include the Irrawady River and the Mekong River
Mainland Southeast AsiaMainland Southeast Asia
Chapter 3 Slide 29
Island Southeast AsiaIsland Southeast Asia
Made up of thousands of islands separated by seas
Much of it is now made up by present-day Indonesia and Philippines
Chapter 3 Slide 30
An illustration of an Illanun pirate boat. Piracy was common in island Southeast Asia.
Birth of CivilisationsBirth of Civilisations
Began around 6000 BCE in villages near rivers and seas
People were hunters and fishermen
By 200 BCE, Indian and Chinese traders came to Southeast Asia and the villages served as resting points. Some grew into port cities, e.g. Oc-eo
Chapter 3 Slide 31
Oc-eo (1st–6th century CE)
Oc-eo (1st–6th century CE)
First major port city
Capital of Funan
Grew because of trade and its strategic location
Became less important with the rise of
Palembang
Chapter 3 Slide 32
The extent of Funan
Palembang(7th–13th century CE)
Palembang(7th–13th century CE)
Located in present-day Sumatra
Capital of Srivijaya
Grew because of trade and its strategic location
Chapter 3 Slide 33
Declined in importance after 13th century CE, when traders went directly to East Java to trade
The extent of Srivijaya
What were the features of Southeast Asian
civilisations?
What were the features of Southeast Asian
civilisations?
Chapter 3 Slide 34
GovernmentGovernment
Ruled by kings
Assisted by officials
Chapter 3 Slide 35
A Malay sultan (king)
Variety of Occupations Variety of Occupations
Traders
Farmers
Priests
Craftsmen
Officials
Chapter 3 Slide 36
A 15th century tin coin used by traders in Melaka
WritingWriting
Chapter 3 Slide 37
Adopted Sanskrit from traders
Sanskrit poems from India. Southeast Asian rulers and officials adopted this script for records.
Developed own scripts, e.g. Jawi
The Jawi alphabet
Cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan
Various cultures and religions
Kampong Kling mosque, Melaka
Chapter 3 Slide 38
Buddhist temple in Pagan, Myanmar
Angkor Wat in Angkor, Cambodia
Some Powerful Southeast Asian Kingdoms
Some Powerful Southeast Asian Kingdoms
Funan (1st–6th century CE)
Srivijaya (7th–13th century CE)
Majapahit (800–1432 CE)
Melaka (1403–1511 CE)
Chapter 3 Slide 39
Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes
Chapter 3 Slide 40
1. A ‘civilisation’ is...A ‘kingdom’ is...An 'empire' is...
2. The factors that led to the rise of civilisations were...
3. The features of a civilisation are...
