Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter
description
Transcript of Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter
![Page 1: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 3: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Atoms, the Building
Blocks of MatterBlocks of Matter
![Page 2: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Atomic Theory has Evolved!Atomic Theory has Evolved!
Leave a couple of lines!
![Page 3: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Law of Conservation of MassLaw of Conservation of Mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed during an ordinary chemical reaction or physical change.
Remember the Candle Lab:
C25H52 + O2 + E CO2 + H2O + C + E
![Page 4: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Draw a picture and explain Draw a picture and explain why it happens?why it happens?
Leave about a half a page for an activity…
![Page 5: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pioneers of the Pioneers of the Atomic TheoryAtomic Theory
Chapter 3Chapter 3
Observant people have been looking at matter and pondering why different phenomenon occur for hundreds of years.
![Page 6: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Early Philosophers- Early Philosophers- Aristotle and DemocritusAristotle and Democritus
Didn’t agree!!
![Page 7: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dead Dude #1- DemocritusDead Dude #1- Democritus
Ancient philosopher- 460BC
Matter is made of indivisible particles.
Atomos means “that which cannot be further broken down”
![Page 8: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ShortcomingsShortcomings
It is a conceptual definition, not based on science.
Doesn’t talk about subatomic particles.
![Page 9: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dead Dude#2- DaltonDead Dude#2- DaltonExplained the LawsExplained the Laws John Dalton (early
1800s)
Atom is a solid, indestructible mass (like a billiard ball)
![Page 10: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
All Atomic Theory builds on Dalton’s LawAll Atomic Theory builds on Dalton’s Law
1. All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and properties Atoms of each element are different.
3. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created or destroyed.
4. Compounds consist of atoms of different elements combined together. Compounds have constant composition (fixed ratio of atoms).
5 Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of those atoms.
![Page 11: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dead Dude #3Dead Dude #3
J.J Thomson- 1850
A ball of positive mass containing a number of electrons that are embedded.
Getting the idea that there are protons and electrons (nucleus).
![Page 12: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ShortcomingsShortcomings
Doesn’t explain the existence of electrons outside the nucleus or their importance in bonding.
No neutrons- can’t explain radioactivity or the existence of isotopes.
![Page 13: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What did experiments with the What did experiments with the cathode ray tubes teach us?cathode ray tubes teach us?
![Page 14: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Late 1800’sLate 1800’s
Discovery of and experiments using the cathode ray tube led to our understanding of the electron.
![Page 15: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Millikan Oil Drop ExperimentMillikan Oil Drop Experiment
![Page 16: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Henri Becquerel- 1897Henri Becquerel- 1897
Researched newly discovered X-rays (Phosphorescence).
Accidently discovered that uranium emits radiation that could be measured using photographic plates.
Discovered Radioactivity- electrically charged particles.
![Page 17: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Dr’s Curie- 1898The Dr’s Curie- 1898Discovered new elements- Polonium and Radium.
Very unstable elements that give off energy.
This led to an under- standing of Alpha, Beta and Gamma particles.
![Page 18: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Dead Dude #4Dead Dude #4
Rutherford Model- 1905
– Mass of the atom is concentrated in the center of a positively charged region called the nucleus.
– The Planetary Model
![Page 19: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Gold Foil Experiment- Draw this and leave some room to Gold Foil Experiment- Draw this and leave some room to write about the experiment.write about the experiment.
![Page 20: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ShortcomingsShortcomings
Doesn’t place the electrons.
Doesn’t include neutrons.
![Page 21: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Bohr Model-1920Bohr Model-1920
Believed that electrons traveled in precise orbits around the nucleus of an atom
![Page 22: Chapter 3: Atoms, the Building Blocks of Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814df7550346895dbb62e7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Schrodinger Quantum Schrodinger Quantum Mechanical Model.Mechanical Model.
Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
The nucleus is at the center of the atom and the electrons are in the electron cloud.