Chapter 2b Single

8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single

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Continuing Gross Topography


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Fornix C-shaped fiber bundle

Connects temporal

lobe (hippocampalformation) with

mamillary bodies

Hippocampal formation memory, spatial navigation, part of limbic system


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TH

HT

Diencephalon

Thalamus (TH) Centre of forebrain

Junction-box for sensoryinformation

Hypothalamus (HT) Widespread connections

including to pituitary gland

Part of limbic system, withrole in motivated behaviors

Produces hormones for the

endocrine system

Separated from Thalamus byHypothalamic Sulcus


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(Taken from Kalet, 2007)


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Cingulate Gyrus Limbic system

Calcarine Sulcus Site of Primary visual

area

Divides Occ. Lobe into Dorsal cuneus gyrus

Ventral lingual gyrus

Cingulate Sulcus

Pericallosal

Sulcus

CG


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Limbic System


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Parahippocampal Gyrus

(PHG)

Part of limbic system

Spatial memory

Fusiform Gyrus (FG)

Separated from PHG by

collateral sulcus Houses the Face area

CG

UPHG

FG


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Diencephalon

Midbrain

PonsMedulla

Cerebellum


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Cerebellum

Diencephalon


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Cranial Nerves

On Old Olympus Towering Top A FamousVocal German Viewed Some Hops

Each letter is the start of a cranial nerve name

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother

Says Big Brains Matter Most

Cranial nerves can be Sensory, Motor, orBoth


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On Old Olympus

Olfactory - Sensorysmell

Optic - Sensory

vision

Oculomotor - Motor

eye movement

pupil dilation


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Towering Top

Trochlear - Motoreye movement

Trigeminal - Both

somatosensory face/head

chewing


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A Famous Vocal

Abducens - Motor eye movement

Facial - Both

Taste (front 2/3 of tongue) Somatosensory from ear

Facial expression muscles

Vestibulocochlear - Sensory Hearing

Balance


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German Viewed

Glossopharyngeal - BothTaste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)

Somatosensory from tongue, pharynx

Some swallowing muscles

Vagus - Both

Sensory/motor/autonomic functions of viscera(internal organs: glands, GI tract, heart, etc)


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Some Hops

Spinal Accessory - MotorMuscles for head movements

Hypoglossal - Motor

Muscles of tongue


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Result of damage?

Olfactory Structures

Olfactory Bulb

Olfactory Tract

Optic Structures

Optic Nerve

Optic chiasm

Oculomotor Nerve

Aneurysm = oculomotornerve palsy


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Face

Trigeminal nerve (Vcranial nerve; sensory -ophthalmic, maxillary andmandibular regions,motor - mandibular )

Facial Nerve (VII cranial;face muscles & taste)

Hearing

Cochleovestibular nerve

Tumor in acousticneuromas = hearing loss


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Blood Supply to the Brain Circle of Willis

Components Anterior Communicating

Artery

Anterior cerebral Artery (L& R)

Internal carotid

Posterior CommunicatingArtery (L & R)

Posterior Cerebral Artery

(L & R) creates redundancies in

the cerebral circulation. If an artery in or supplying

the Circle of Willis

becomes stenosed orblocked, blood flow can bemaintained


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T2-weighted MRIenhances contrast High fat content =

black

High H2O content =

white => white matter

less intense than

grey matter Clear contract

between CSF andbrain structures.


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Alzheimers Disease Incidence:

1/10 people over 65 Almost over 85

Presentation: "I have lost myself.

Impairment of memory, confusion,

depression, delusions, sleeplessness Degenerative

Genetic markers for early and late-onset have been identified 1 inchromosome 21

Biochemical causes: Tau tangles- degenerating cell

bodies

Amyloid- plaques degeneratingaxons and dendrites

Treatment stimulate acetylcholinewhich offsets basal forebrain damage

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