Chapter 28.1 and 28.2 pages 521 to 536
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Chapter 28.1 and 28.2 Chapter 28.1 and 28.2 pages 521 to 536 pages 521 to 536 Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A system that has changed over time, which system that has changed over time, which includes dynamic changes in the Earth’s includes dynamic changes in the Earth’s crust, is the Earth system crust, is the Earth system 1. 1. Geologic time can be estimated by Geologic time can be estimated by observing rock sequences and using observing rock sequences and using fossils to correlate sequences at fossils to correlate sequences at various various locations. locations.
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Chapter 28.1 and 28.2 pages 521 to 536. Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A system that has changed over time, which includes dynamic changes in the Earth’s crust, is the Earth system 1.Geologic time can be estimated by observing rock sequences and using - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Chapter 28.1 and 28.2 pages 521 to 536
Chapter 28.1 and 28.2Chapter 28.1 and 28.2pages 521 to 536pages 521 to 536
Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A
system that has changed over time, whichsystem that has changed over time, which
includes dynamic changes in the Earth’sincludes dynamic changes in the Earth’s
crust, is the Earth systemcrust, is the Earth system
1.1. Geologic time can be estimated byGeologic time can be estimated by
observing rock sequences and usingobserving rock sequences and using
fossils to correlate sequences at fossils to correlate sequences at variousvarious
locations.locations.
Chapter 28: The Changing Chapter 28: The Changing EarthEarthSection 1: Understanding EarthSection 1: Understanding EarthRefer to Figure 28.2 page 521Refer to Figure 28.2 page 521
Steno’s ideas & relative dating – Steno’s ideas & relative dating – superposition,superposition,
original horizontality, and lateral continuityoriginal horizontality, and lateral continuity
Interpreting rock formations – Interpreting rock formations – cross-cuttingcross-cutting
Relationships, inclusions and faunal successionsRelationships, inclusions and faunal successions
• C:\Documents and Settings\C:\Documents and Settings\gchonggchong\My Documents\\My Documents\An_Introduction_to_the_Forces_That_Shape_theAn_Introduction_to_the_Forces_That_Shape_the_Earth.asf_Earth.asf
Chapter 28: The Changing Chapter 28: The Changing EarthEarthSection 1: Understanding EarthSection 1: Understanding EarthCalculating Earth’s age – Calculating Earth’s age – radioactive decay, radioactive decay,
compare ages, & geologic time scalecompare ages, & geologic time scale
Inside Earth – Inside Earth – lithosphere and asthenospherelithosphere and asthenosphere
Refer to page 525Refer to page 525
Layers of Earth – Layers of Earth – crust, mantle, core – crust, mantle, core – Note Note
difference between continental and oceanic difference between continental and oceanic crustscrusts
• C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\What_Is_It_Like_Below_the_Surface_of_the_Earth_.aWhat_Is_It_Like_Below_the_Surface_of_the_Earth_.asfsf
Chapter 28: The Changing Chapter 28: The Changing EarthEarthSection 1: Understanding EarthSection 1: Understanding EarthRead 525 and 527 to strengthen Read 525 and 527 to strengthen
understanding ofunderstanding of
section 1section 1
• C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\Documents\What_Are_the_Lithosphere_and_the_AstheWhat_Are_the_Lithosphere_and_the_Asthenosphere_.asfnosphere_.asf
Chapter 28: The Changing Chapter 28: The Changing EarthEarthSection 2: Plate TectonicsSection 2: Plate TectonicsThe surface of Earth – The surface of Earth – Pangaea, continental Pangaea, continental
drift, drift,
plate tectonics, tectonic platesplate tectonics, tectonic plates
The movement of tectonic plates affects The movement of tectonic plates affects
Earth’s surface & causes earthquakes &Earth’s surface & causes earthquakes &
volcanoes.volcanoes.
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Chapter 28: The Changing Chapter 28: The Changing EarthEarthSection 2: Plate TectonicsSection 2: Plate TectonicsContinental drift – Wegener’s evidence in Continental drift – Wegener’s evidence in
1915 1915
The Origin of Continents and OceansThe Origin of Continents and Oceans
Rocks, fossils and glacier evidences.Rocks, fossils and glacier evidences.
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Chapter 28: The Changing Chapter 28: The Changing EarthEarthSection 2: Plate TectonicsSection 2: Plate TectonicsSea-floor spreading – early 1960’s (Wegner Sea-floor spreading – early 1960’s (Wegner
died indied in
1930) 1930) mid-ocean ridge and sea-floor mid-ocean ridge and sea-floor spreadingspreading
Refer to Figure 28.12 and Mid-ocean ridges Refer to Figure 28.12 and Mid-ocean ridges
located on page 530.located on page 530.
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Chapter 28: The Changing Chapter 28: The Changing EarthEarthSection 2: Plate TectonicsSection 2: Plate TectonicsMagnetic patterns on the sea-floor – striping Magnetic patterns on the sea-floor – striping patterns – patterns – Describing plate boundaries – Describing plate boundaries – faultsfaultsDivergent plate boundaries – 534Divergent plate boundaries – 534Convergent plate boundaries – 535Convergent plate boundaries – 535Transform plate boundaries - 536Transform plate boundaries - 536
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Chapter 28.3 and 29.1Chapter 28.3 and 29.1pages 537 to 545 & 551 to 561pages 537 to 545 & 551 to 561
Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A system that has changed over time, whichsystem that has changed over time, whichincludes dynamic changes in the Earth’sincludes dynamic changes in the Earth’scrust, is the Earth systemcrust, is the Earth system2.2. The solid crust of the Earth consists The solid crust of the Earth consists
of separate plates that move very slowly of separate plates that move very slowly pressing against one another in some pressing against one another in some places and pulling apart in other places places and pulling apart in other places (i.e. volcanoes, earthquakes and (i.e. volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain building)mountain building)
Chapter 28: The Changing Chapter 28: The Changing EarthEarthSection 3: EarthquakesSection 3: Earthquakes1.1. Definition of earthquake.Definition of earthquake.
2.2. FaultFault
3.3. Focus Focus
4.4. EpicenterEpicenter
5.5. Types of seismic waves – 3 typesTypes of seismic waves – 3 types
6.6. Measurement of earthquakesMeasurement of earthquakes
7.7. Ring of FireRing of Fire
8.8. Seismologists and how to determine an Seismologists and how to determine an epicenterepicenter
Chapter 29: Formation of Chapter 29: Formation of RocksRocksSection 1: VolcanoesSection 1: VolcanoesTerms to define: Terms to define: magma, volcano, lava, magmamagma, volcano, lava, magma
chambers, pyroclasts (551), vents, pipes (551), chambers, pyroclasts (551), vents, pipes (551),
crater, partial melt (552), subduction zone, shieldcrater, partial melt (552), subduction zone, shield
volcano, stratovolcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes,volcano, stratovolcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes,
hot spots (555), chemosynthesis (559),pahoehoehot spots (555), chemosynthesis (559),pahoehoe
(559), Aa (559), kimberlites (560)(559), Aa (559), kimberlites (560)
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Chapter 29: Formation of Chapter 29: Formation of RocksRocksSection 1: VolcanoesSection 1: VolcanoesTerms defined continued: Terms defined continued: active volcano (561),active volcano (561),
dormant volcano (561), igneous rock, batholith dormant volcano (561), igneous rock, batholith
(561)(561)
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Chapter 29: Formation of Chapter 29: Formation of RocksRocksSection 1: VolcanoesSection 1: VolcanoesRead about the Ring of Fire page 553Read about the Ring of Fire page 553
• C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\The_Ring_of_Fire.asfDocuments\The_Ring_of_Fire.asf
Chapter 29: Formation of Chapter 29: Formation of RocksRocksSection 1: VolcanoesSection 1: VolcanoesTypes of volcanoes are located on pages Types of volcanoes are located on pages
554 to554 to
557:557:
Shield, stratovolcano and cinder coneShield, stratovolcano and cinder cone
• C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\Types_of_Volcanoes.asfDocuments\Types_of_Volcanoes.asf
Chapter 29: Formation of Chapter 29: Formation of RocksRocksSection 1: VolcanoesSection 1: VolcanoesLava – magma that reaches the Earth’s Lava – magma that reaches the Earth’s
surfacesurface
• C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\Documents\Lava_on_Land_and_in_Water.asfLava_on_Land_and_in_Water.asf
Chapter 32: The UniverseChapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641Section 1 only – pages 631 to 641
Content Standard 5: The Universe – The
universe is an ever-changing system of
matter and energy that exists now, in the
past, and in the future.
1. The stars differ from each other in size,
temperature, & age, but they appear to be made up of the same elements that are found on Earth.
Chapter 32: The UniverseChapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641Section 1 only – pages 631 to 641
Content Standard 5: The Universe – The
universe is an ever-changing system of
matter and energy that exists now, in the
past, and in the future.
2. All stars have life cycle including birth, development, and death. Fusion reactions in stars release great amounts of energy and matter over millions of years.
Terms that need to be defined:Terms that need to be defined:
Star, energy, mass, speed of light, fusion,density, constellation (633) spectroscopy, spectrometer, helios (634) size,temperature, brightness, medium-sized star,supergiants, giants, white dwarfs, neutronstars (635) magnitudes, apparent brightness, absolute brightness, photometer,Parsecs (636)
Terms that need to be defined:Terms that need to be defined:
H-R diagram, main sequence stars (637)
Nebula, protostar (638) planetary nebula,
black dwarf (639) supernova, neutron star,
black hole (640)
Chapter 32: The UniverseChapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641Section 1 only – pages 631 to 641
Albert Einstein’s famous equation (1915):
E = mc2
E = energy ; m = mass ; c = speed of light
Stars have a high value for density and mass.
Nuclear_Fusion.asf
Chapter 32: The UniverseChapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641Section 1 only – pages 631 to 641
Spectroscopy is a tool of astronomy in which the electromagnetic radiation (including visible light)produce by a star or other object (called itsspectrum) is analyzed.Refer to figure 32.3 – page 634
Let’s look at color and temperature of stars.
The_Color_of_Stars.asf
Chapter 32: The UniverseChapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641Section 1 only – pages 631 to 641
Let’s look at the how stars are formed.
How_Stars_Form.asf
Chapter 32: The UniverseChapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641Section 1 only – pages 631 to 641
Classification of Stars: read page 635
Refer to Table 32.1: Stars, their colors, and their
surface temperature page 635
• Neutron_Stars_and_Black_Holes.asf
Chapter 32: The UniverseChapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641Section 1 only – pages 631 to 641
Read about magnitudes, apparent and absolute brightness. Page 636
Know how to read a H-R diagram:Dependent variable is absolute brightness Independent variable is temperatureLook at the main sequence stars
Chapter 32: The UniverseChapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641Section 1 only – pages 631 to 641
Life Cycle of stars – pages 638 – 639
• The_Life_Cycle_of_Stars.asf
Chapter 32: The UniverseChapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641Section 1 only – pages 631 to 641
Conclusion of a star’s life cycle:
• Dying_Stars_and_Conclusion.asf
