Chapter 26!Chapter 26!

VocabularyVocabulary

• BankruptBankrupt; Unable to pay debts; Unable to pay debts• Relief ProgramsRelief Programs; government program to help the needy; government program to help the needy• Fireside ChatFireside Chat; radio speech given by President D. Roosevelt ; radio speech given by President D. Roosevelt

while in officewhile in office• Civil RightsCivil Rights; rights due to all citizens; rights due to all citizens• National DebtNational Debt; total sum of money the government owes to ; total sum of money the government owes to

othersothers

Herbert Hoover(1874-1964)Herbert Hoover(1874-1964)• After the crash(Stock Market) Hoover announced that After the crash(Stock Market) Hoover announced that

while he would keep the Federal budget balanced, he while he would keep the Federal budget balanced, he would cut taxes and expand public works spending.would cut taxes and expand public works spending.

• In 1931 repercussions from Europe deepened the crisis, In 1931 repercussions from Europe deepened the crisis, even though the President presented to Congress a even though the President presented to Congress a program asking for creation of the Reconstruction Finance program asking for creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to aid business, additional help for farmers Corporation to aid business, additional help for farmers facing mortgage foreclosures, banking reform, a loan to facing mortgage foreclosures, banking reform, a loan to states for feeding the unemployed, expansion of public states for feeding the unemployed, expansion of public works, and drastic governmental economy.works, and drastic governmental economy.

• At the same time he reiterated his view that while people At the same time he reiterated his view that while people must not suffer from hunger and cold, caring for them must not suffer from hunger and cold, caring for them must be primarily a local and voluntary responsibility.must be primarily a local and voluntary responsibility.

FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)• The Wall Street Crash in October 1929, created the worst depression in American The Wall Street Crash in October 1929, created the worst depression in American

history. President Herbert Hoover was slow to provide federal relief to farmers history. President Herbert Hoover was slow to provide federal relief to farmers and stubbornly refused to give help to the unemployed in urban areas. Hoover and stubbornly refused to give help to the unemployed in urban areas. Hoover vetoed a bill that would have created a federal unemployment agency and also vetoed a bill that would have created a federal unemployment agency and also opposed a plan to create a public works program. opposed a plan to create a public works program.

• As governor of New York, Roosevelt made strenuous attempts to help those As governor of New York, Roosevelt made strenuous attempts to help those without work. He set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission and without work. He set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission and appointed the respected Harry Hopkins to run the agency. Another popular appointed the respected Harry Hopkins to run the agency. Another popular figure with a good record for helping the disadvantaged, Frances Perkins, was figure with a good record for helping the disadvantaged, Frances Perkins, was recruited to the team as state industrial commissioner. With the help of Hopkins recruited to the team as state industrial commissioner. With the help of Hopkins and Perkins, Roosevelt introduced help for the unemployed and those too old to and Perkins, Roosevelt introduced help for the unemployed and those too old to work. work.

• Roosevelt was seen as great success as governor of New York and he was the Roosevelt was seen as great success as governor of New York and he was the obvious choice as the Democratic presidential candidate in 1932.obvious choice as the Democratic presidential candidate in 1932.

Eleanor RooseveltEleanor Roosevelt

• In 1905 she married her distant cousin, Franklin In 1905 she married her distant cousin, Franklin Roosevelt. While raising six children, she Roosevelt. While raising six children, she became more involved in political and reform became more involved in political and reform work.work.

• After Franklin Roosevelt was paralyzed by polio After Franklin Roosevelt was paralyzed by polio in 1921, his wife's activities expanded. Eleanor in 1921, his wife's activities expanded. Eleanor Roosevelt held her own press conferences, Roosevelt held her own press conferences, toured the nation, wrote newspaper columns, toured the nation, wrote newspaper columns, and spoke on radio broadcasts.and spoke on radio broadcasts.

Mary McLeod BethuneMary McLeod Bethune

• Bethune started a school for African Bethune started a school for African American girls in 1904. She also talked with American girls in 1904. She also talked with government leaders to find ways to help government leaders to find ways to help African Americans. African Americans.

• She worked to get better schools, better jobs, She worked to get better schools, better jobs, and more just treatment. and more just treatment.

• Bethune started a group for African Bethune started a group for African American women to work on these goals American women to work on these goals together. together.

Shirley TempleShirley Temple

• Shirley Temple was easily the most popular Shirley Temple was easily the most popular and famous child star of all time. and famous child star of all time.

• She got her start in the movies at the age of She got her start in the movies at the age of three and soon progressed to super stardom. three and soon progressed to super stardom.

• Shirley could do it all: act, sing and dance and Shirley could do it all: act, sing and dance and all at the age of five! all at the age of five!

• Fans loved her as she was bright, bouncy and Fans loved her as she was bright, bouncy and cheerful in her films and they ultimately cheerful in her films and they ultimately bought millions of dollars worth of products bought millions of dollars worth of products

ANIMAL CRACKERS IN MY SOUPANIMAL CRACKERS IN MY SOUP

Stock Market Crash (Black Tuesday)Stock Market Crash (Black Tuesday)

• The market lost $14 billion in value on October 29. The market lost $14 billion in value on October 29. The total decrease for the week would be $30 billion.The total decrease for the week would be $30 billion.• Black Tuesday marked the beginning of the Great Black Tuesday marked the beginning of the Great

Depression, a period of economic hardship in the Depression, a period of economic hardship in the United States lasting from 1929 to 1939. United States lasting from 1929 to 1939. • FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt)

• Wall Street Wall Street

The Great DepressionThe Great Depression• Many people lost their jobs and the some Many people lost their jobs and the some residents in Michigan had to mostly depend on residents in Michigan had to mostly depend on

trade to meet their needs. Soon so many people trade to meet their needs. Soon so many people couldn't afford food and became homeless.couldn't afford food and became homeless.

• North America, Europe, and other industrialized North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world areas of the world

• The industrialized Western worldThe industrialized Western world• It also redefined how our government looks at It also redefined how our government looks at

large economic problemslarge economic problems

New DealNew Deal

• comprehensive series of social and economic comprehensive series of social and economic programs enacted during the great programs enacted during the great depressiondepression

• FDR was involvedFDR was involved• It took place in AmericaIt took place in America• It represented a significant shift in political It represented a significant shift in political

and domestic policy in the USA, its more and domestic policy in the USA, its more lasting changes being increased federal lasting changes being increased federal government government

Dust BowlDust Bowl• It was a period of severe dust storms causing major It was a period of severe dust storms causing major

ecological and agricultural damage to American and ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie landsCanadian prairie lands

• People from Oklahoma were most affectedPeople from Oklahoma were most affected• America and CanadaAmerica and Canada• It plays an important role in the way we talk about the It plays an important role in the way we talk about the

history of poverty and public policy in America. history of poverty and public policy in America. (For almost seventy years the story of white families from (For almost seventy years the story of white families from

Oklahoma and neighboring states making their way to Oklahoma and neighboring states making their way to California in the midst of the Great Depression has been California in the midst of the Great Depression has been kept alive by journalists and filmmakers, college teachers kept alive by journalists and filmmakers, college teachers and museum curators, songwriters and novelists, and of and museum curators, songwriters and novelists, and of course historians.)course historians.)

The Arts Of The DepressionThe Arts Of The Depression

• The arts of depression are all the images and The arts of depression are all the images and pictures that people made during the pictures that people made during the depression, or even after.depression, or even after.

• Many different people were involved in thisMany different people were involved in this• It takes place everywhere and anywhereIt takes place everywhere and anywhere• They are important because they show how They are important because they show how

people felt during those times. And they people felt during those times. And they show how people think the Great Depression show how people think the Great Depression was.was.