Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and...
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Transcript of Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and...
![Page 1: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 2: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Fossil Record
And Geologic Time
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 4: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 5: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 6: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 7: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 8: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 9: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 10: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 11: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 12: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 13: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 14: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 15: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth.
Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
![Page 16: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sedimentary strata reveal the relative ages of fossils.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Radiometric dating can provide the absolute age.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Geologic eras and periods correspond to major transitions in fossil species.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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The fossil record is substantial…
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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The fossil record is substantial…
…but incomplete.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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The fossil record is substantial…
…but incomplete.
It favors species that:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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The fossil record is substantial…
…but incomplete.
It favors species that:
•existed for a long time
•were widespread
•had hard shells or skeletons
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Continental drift has had a major impact on phylogeny
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Continental drift has had a major impact on phylogeny.
Pangaea formed in the late Paleozoic era and broke up in the early Mesozoic era.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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The history of life is punctuated by mass extinctions.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Taxonomy:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Taxonomy:
The identification and classification of species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Taxonomy:
The identification and classification of species.
Taxon:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Taxonomy:
The identification and classification of species.
Taxon:
A single category of species.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Dumb
kings
play
chess
on
fine
green
sand.
![Page 35: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Dumb
kings
play
chess
on
fine
green
sand.
![Page 36: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cbf5503460f949857b2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Dumb
kings
play
chess
on
fine
green
sand.
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
pardus
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Systematics:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Systematics:
The study of biological diversity in an ecological context.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Phylogeny:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Phylogeny:
The evolutionary development of a taxon from earlier taxa.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Cladistics:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Cladistics:
The classification of species by their evolutionary descent.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Clade:
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Clade:
An evolutionary ancestor and all of its descendants
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Clade:
An evolutionary ancestor and all of its descendants. A clade is defined by its evolutionary novelties and shared characteristics.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Systematics can infer phylogeny from molecular data.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Parsimony
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor, also called the KISS principle
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor, also called the KISS principle, says when offered several explanations, use the simplest.
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
K
I
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Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Keep
I
S
S
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Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Keep
It
S
S
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Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Keep
It
Simple,
S
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Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
Keep
It
Simple,
Stupid!
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The simplest phylogenetic tree is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes.
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“Molecular clocks” keep track of evolutionary time.
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Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses. They incorporate extensive molecular and morphological data
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics
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Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses. They incorporate extensive molecular and morphological data. But they are “flourishing with lively debate.”
Chapter 25Phylogeny and Systematics