Chapter 23.2: Female Reproductive System. General Anatomy -Ovaries: produce oocytes and hormones...
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Transcript of Chapter 23.2: Female Reproductive System. General Anatomy -Ovaries: produce oocytes and hormones...
Chapter 23.2: Female Reproductive System
General Anatomy
- Ovaries: produce oocytes and hormones
- Uterine tubes: transport oocytes from ovaries to uterus
- Uterus: pathway for sperm to reach ovaries and development of fetus
- Vagina
- Mammary glands Vagina
Uterine (fallopian) tube
Ovary
Uterus
Cervix
Urethra
Labium minus
Anatomy of Ovaries
Mature (graafian) follicle
Ruptured follicle
Ovulation (expulsion of a secondary oocyte)
Degeneratingcorpus luteum
Corpusluteum
Growing follicles
Oogenesis
- The process by which ovaries produce eggs- This begins before birth
- Three stages:- Meiosis I- Meiosis II- Maturation
Meiosis I
- During fetal development- Oogonium (2n) develop into primary oocytes (2n)- About 200,000 to 2,000,000 developed at time
of birth
- At puberty- 40,000 primary oocytes remain- Hormones initiate completion of Meiosis I
to produce secondary oocyte (n) and 1st polar body (n)
Oogonium
2n
Primary oocyte
2n
n n
Secondaryoocyte
Firstpolar body
Meiosis I
During fetal development meiosis I begins.
After puberty, primary oocytes complete meiosis I, which produces a secondary oocyte and a first polar body that may or may not divide again.
Meiosis II
- Secondary oocyte (n) begins Meiosis II- Occurs in the ovary
- Ovulation- Secondary oocyte released into fallopian tube- Only about 400 go through this
- Fertilization- Sperm penetrates secondary oocyte- Meiosis II resumes- Produces ovum (n) and second polar body (n)- Sperm and ovum nuclei join to produce a
zygote (2n)
Oogonium
2n
Primary oocyte
2n
n n
n n
n
nn
2n
n
n
Secondaryoocyte
Firstpolar body
Spermcell
Secondaryoocyte
Fertilization
Secondpolar body
Ovum
Zygote
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
During fetal development meiosis I begins.
After puberty, primary oocytes complete meiosis I, which produces a secondary oocyte and a first polar body that may or may not divide again.
The secondary oocyte begins meiosis II.
A secondary oocyte (and first polar body) is ovulated.
After fertilization, meiosis II resumes. The oocyte splits into an ovum and a second polar body.
The nuclei of the sperm cell and the ovum unite, forming a diploid (2n) zygote.
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Ovulation
Uterine Tubes and Uterus
- Two uterine (fallopian) tubes- Transport secondary oocytes to
uterus
- Each tube has a open, funnel- shaped end called infundibulum- Contain fimbriae that sweep oocyte
into fallopian tube
- Fertilization occurs in the tubes- Fertilized ovum implanted into uterine wall
Infundibulum ofuterine tube
Cervix of uterus
Vagina
Uterine (fallopian) tube
Ovary
Fimbriae of uterine tube
Body of uterus
Vagina
- Extends from the exterior of the body to uterine cervix
- Vaginal mucosa produces organic acids- Prevents microbial growth- Harmful to sperm
- Surrounded by smooth muscle to allow intercourse and child birth
Mammary Glands
- Modified sweat glands that produce milk
- 15-20 lobes which contain alveoli
- Milk secreting glands
- Milk production stimulated by prolactin and milk secretion stimulated by oxytocin
Lobule containing alveoli
Milk duct
Nipple
Adipose tissue in subcutaneous layer