Chapter 22 Section 3 and 4

Surviving the Great Depression and The Election of 1932

Penny Auction

Farmers would bid mere pennies on land and machines auctioned by the banks in order to help their struggling neighbors

How did penny auctions help farmers overcome some of the hardships of the Great Depression?

Neighbors would buy the farms and equipment, then return them to their original owners

Twenty-first Amendment

Repealed the 18th Amendment (prohibition) making it legal to produce and consume alcohol

Why was the 21st Amendment passed?

It passed because many people wanted to lift the ban on alcohol

Also, it return the decision of alcohol production up to the individual states, instead of the federal government

Why do you think it was passed during the Great

Depression?

To help people socialize during tough times

Lessen the activity of gangsters and bootleggers

The government could tax it and collect the revenue

Why was there an interest among some Americans in radical and reform movements?

Many Americans became interested in radical and reform movements because those movements promised a fairer distribution of wealth

How did American involvement in these radical and reform movements differ from the political

movements occurring in some parts of Europe at the same time?

Unlike the situation in many European nations, American involvement in these movements was nonviolent and did not seriously challenge the government

How did President Hoover hope to end the Depression

and its hardships?

Hoover believed that the economy could correct itself if Americans remained confident

He relied on voluntary actions from businesses to maintain this confidence

He agreed to allow some federal assistance to be used in relief efforts

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

The highest import tax in U.S. history

Designed to protect American workers by making foreign products more expensive

Forcing people to only buy American

What was the effect of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act?

It backfired

European nations raised their own tariff

Slowed down international trade

Made the depression Great

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Gave government credit to a number of institutions, such as large industries, railroads, and insurance companies

Lent money to banks so they could give loans

Bonus Army

A group of WWI veterans that wanted immediate payment of a pension that had been promised for 1945

They were in D.C. to support a bill in that senate that, if passed, would grant them their money

The bill was voted down and Hoover asked the military to escort them out of the city

How did the Bonus Army contribute to Hoover’s

downfall?

The military dispersed them with tear gas and fire

It made Hoover appear unconcerned with the problems of the average American, who made up the largest part of the voting public

Describe Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s appeal to the American voter in 1932.

He intended to bring in a new philosophy of government, one that would expand the government to provide more for the common people

From what groups did FDR receive support in the 1932

election?

Democrats, Republicans, immigrants, laborers, and urban workers

What percentage of the electoral vote did FDR

receive in 1932? Hoover?

FDR- 88.9%

Hoover- 11.1%

What percentage of the popular vote did FDR receive in the 1932 election?

Hoover?

FDR- 57.4%

Hoover 39.7%

Which states electoral votes did Hoover win?

Maine

New Hampshire

Vermont

Connecticut

Pennsylvania

Delaware