Chapter 22 Section 2 Striking Back - Weebly

Chapter 22Section 2

Striking Back

I. IntroductionA. By summer of 1942, greatest

extent of German empireB. By October, Allies began to

win important battles

II. Allied Victories in North AfricaA. . British Gen. Bernard

Montgomery to North AfricaB. October 23, 1942,

Montgomery attacked Rommel at El Alamein

1. British outnumbered Germans

2. RAF dominated skies3. Forced Rommel to retreat

west

C. Nov. 8, 1942 – Operation Torch

1. Allied troops invade Africa from Europe

2. Led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower

3. Landed in Morocco and Algiers

4. Moved east surrounded Rommel

5. Hitler refused to let Rommel withdraw

6. May 12, 1943 – Germans surrendered

Operation Torch

III. The Allies Invade ItalyA. July 10, 1943- 180,000 troops

under Eisenhower landed in Sicily1. U.S. Gen. George Patton and

Montgomery pursued Germans 2. Italians on island welcomed allies 3. By August, in Allied hands

Operation Husky

III. The Allies Invade ItalyB. Mussolini’s power was

weakening 3. July 1943, leaders voted

to give power back to King Victor Emmanuel 4. Mussolini thrown in jail

5. Italian troops surrendered and joined partisans

6. New Italian government surrendered to Allies on Sept. 8, 1943

Monte Cassino

III. The Allies Invade ItalyC. Hitler rushed 400,000 troops

to Italy1. Location critical2. Rescued Mussolini

a. Put in control of Northern Italy

Operation Eiche (German for 'Oak')On 25 July 1943, a few weeksafter the allied invasion of Sicily and bombing of Rome, the Italian Grand Council of Fascism voted to depose Mussolini. Mussolini was subsequently arrested on King Victor Emmanuel's orders.

The Germans learned that Mussolini was being held in an Italian Resort located in the mountains.

Operation Eiche (German for 'Oak')The commandos crashed their nine DFS 230 gliders into the nearby mountains, then overwhelmed Mussolini's captors without a single shot being fired. Skorzeny attacked the radio operator and his equipment, and formally greeted Mussolini with "Duce, the Führer has sent me to set you free!" to which Mussolini replied "I knew that my friend would not forsake me!"

Operation Eiche (German for 'Oak')

III. The Allies Invade ItalyD. Allies landed on Italian

mainland in Sept. 19431. Pushed north

2. Strong German resistance3. Entered Rome on June 4,

1944

Allies Enter Rome

III. The Allies Invade ItalyE. End of Fascist Italy 1. April 1945 – Mussolini was captured and shot by fellow Italians 2. Fighting in Italy ended in May 1945

Mussolini Executed

IV. The Battle of StalingradA. Course of invasion of U.S.S.R. changed at

StalingradB. Summer of 1942, German

stalled in Moscow and Leningrad

IV. The Battle of StalingradC. Hitler decided to attack

Stalingrad in August1. Hoped to cut off oil

shipmentD. By November, Germany controlled 90% of city

IV. The Battle of StalingradE. Nov. 19 – 1 million Soviets trapped Germans inside city

1. Germans held out until Feb. 2, 1943

2. 140,000 Germans died3. Soviets lost 200,0004. First great victory over Nazis

Stalingrad – Battle in Factories

Pavlov’s HousePavlov's House became the name of a fortified apartment building during the Battle of Stalingrad from 27 September, 1942 to February 2, 1943. It gained its popular name from Sergeant Yakov Pavlov, who commanded the platoon that seized the building and defended it during the long battle.

SnipersVasily Grigoryevich Zaytsev (March 23, 1915 – December 15, 1991) was a Soviet sniper during World War II, notable particularly for his activities between November 10 and December 17, 1942, during the Battle of Stalingrad. He killed 225 soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht and other Axis armies, including 11 enemy snipers.

Prior to November 10, he had already killed 32 Axis soldiers. Between October 1942 and January 1943, Zaytsev made 242 verified kills.

Female Snipers

Lyudmila Mykhailivna Pavlichenko (July 12, 1916 – October 10, 1974) Soviet sniper during World War II, credited with 309 kills, and is regarded as the most successful female sniper in history

V. The D-Day InvasionA. Allies were planning for

invasion of France1. Operation Overlord

B. Gen. Eisenhower would lead invasion

1. Cross English Channel from Great Britain

2. Land on beaches of Normandy in NW France

3. Massive numbers of supplies and weapons assembled secretly

OPERATION FORTITUDE

Operation Fortitude was the codename for a World War II military deception employed by the Allied nations as part of an overall deception strategy (code named Bodyguard) during the build up to the 1944 Normandy Landings.

OPERATION FORTITUDE

V. The D-Day InvasionC. May 1944 – invasion force nearly

ready1. 11,000 aircraft2. 600 warships3. 4,000 invasion craft4. 1,500 tanks5. 175,000 soldiers6. Code named – D-Day – 6/6/44

D. Gen. Rommel in charge of defending Germany’s position in France

1. Strategy was to attack where they were the most vulnerable – on the beaches

German Defenses on Normandy

V. The D-Day Invasion

E. Allies fought to get ashore on 60 mile stretch of beach

1. British and U.S. battleships bombed Germans

2. Allied bombers attacked German positions

3. Americans landed on two beachesa. Utahb. Omaha

4. Germans fired down from cliffs

F. 6,600 U.S. soldiers killed or wounded

G. By July, Allies had over one million soldiers in France

Mulberry Harbor

H. Patton’s Army moved quickly inland

I. Other Allied troops advanced north from Italy

J. August 25, 1944 – Allies entered Paris in triumph

K. By Autumn of 1944 all of Western Europe had been liberated

L. Germany next

Liberation of Paris

Collaborators

VI. War in the Pacific

A. U. S. Pacific fleet needed to be rebuilt

B. As the war in Europe was wrapping up, troops moved to the Pacific

U.S.S. California – 1921

U.S.S. California – Pearl Harbor

U.S.S. California – 1944

C. Doolittle Raid – April 18, 1942

1. Colonel James Doolittle came up with plan to attack Tokyo

2. U.S. needed morale boost3. Led group of 16 B-25 bombers

from a U.S. aircraft carrier4. 71 of 80 crew returned5. Raid shocked Japanese

Doolittle RaidJames "Jimmy" Doolittle, (December 14, 1896 – September 27, 1993) was an American aviation pioneer. Doolittle served as a brigadier general, major general and lieutenant general in the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. He earned the Medal of Honor for his valor and leadership as commander of the Doolittle Raid while a lieutenant colonel.

Doolittle RaidWhen planning indicated that the B-25 was the aircraft best meeting all specifications of the mission, two were loaded aboard the aircraft carrier USS Hornet at Norfolk, Virginia, and subsequently flown off the deck without difficulty on 3 February 1942. The raid was immediately approved.

Doolittle Raid“The Japanese people had been told they were invulnerable ... An attack on the Japanese homeland would cause confusion in the minds of the Japanese people and sow doubt about the reliability of their leaders. There was a second, and equally important, psychological reason for this attack ... Americans badly needed a morale boost.”

Doolittle Raid

Doolittle Raid

According to the latest information there are 4 Raiders still alive as of January 10, 2011 .

The surviving Raiders are listed alphabetically below:Richard E. ColeRobert L. Hite

Edward J. SaylorDavid J. Thatcher


D. Turning point at Midway1. Japan determined to push

U.S. from Pacific2. Attacked U.S. territory of

Midway Islands

Midway Island

3. U.S. used cryptologists to break Japan’s code

a. Found out about plans4. Japan used 150 warships and 270

planes

5. U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz had about half of that

a. Outmaneuvered Japaneseb. Destroyed Japanese fleet

6. Severe blow for Japanese

Midway


E. On the Offensive at Guadal canal

1. After Midway, U.S. attacked Japanese held island

2. Japan building airfield that would allow attacks on U.S.

Guadalcanal

3. 6,000 Marines landed August 7, 1942

4. Lasted until February 19435. Japan finally ousted from

island6. Allies had to gain control of

Japanese islands

Guadalcanal

7. Developed strategy of “island hopping”

a. Captured some islands while bypassing others b. Those captured used as bases for attack

c. Steadily moving toward Japan

Lt. Hiroo Onoda

In 1944, In 1944, Lt. Hiroo Onoda was sent by the Japanese army to the remote Philippine island of Lubang. His mission was to conduct guerrilla warfare during World War II.

Lt. Hiroo OnodaUnfortunately, he was never officially told the war had ended; so for 29 years, Onoda continued to live in the jungle, ready for when his country would again need his services and information. Eating coconuts and bananas and deftly evading searching parties he believed were enemy scouts, Onoda hid in the jungle until he finally emerged from the dark recesses of the island on March 19, 1972.

Lt. Hiroo Onoda

Chapter 22 Section 2 Striking Back - Weebly

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 22 Section 2 Striking Back - Weebly