Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 22 Comparing Two Proportions.
Chapter 22: Comparing Two Proportions
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Transcript of Chapter 22: Comparing Two Proportions
Chapter 22: Comparing Two Proportions
AP Statistics
In this chapter, we take what we have learned and apply it to comparing two proportions and determining if there is a difference between the two proportions (obtained from two samples).
Assumptions and Conditions for Two-Proportion z-interval and Two-
Proportion z-testIndependent Trials (Individuals Assumption:
Random Condition10% Condition
Independent Group Assumption:Can be assumed by looking at the way data
was collected
Normal Distribution Assumption:Success/Failure Condition
Sampling Distribution Model for a Difference Between Two-Independent Proportions
Only, if we know population proportion (very unlikely)
How we make our sampling model (Normal Model)—may need to use SE
How To Determine a Two-Proportion z-Interval
When we don’t know population proportions (likely)
Example
A magazine article surveyed 12,460 males and 12,678 females to see if they had finished high school (all aged 24). 84.9% of males and 88.1 females reported “yes”. Create a 95% confidence interval for the difference in graduation rates between males and females and interpret it in context.
Example
Two-Proportion z-Test
Typically, we start off with our null hypothesis stating that there is NO difference between the two groups.
Remember, the null hypothesis basically says that nothing is going on.
Two-Proportion z-Test
Our Null Hypothesis, typically looks like (but in context for subscripts):
Pooled Data
• Since we assume that the difference in proportions is zero, we are therefore saying that the two proportions are assumed to be EQUAL.
• If the two proportions are assumed to be equal, then we also assume that their standard errors are also EQUAL.
Pooled Data
In order to calculate what that equal proportion is, we combine the data (pool the data) to get one overall proportion.
That pooled proportion is then used to find the standard error,
Make sure “successes” are whole numbers.
Two-Proportion z-Test
Other Things
• When checking “Success/Failure Condition” you should be checking four different situations.
• CHECK assumptions/conditions and NEVER use two-proportion method if they are not satisfied.
• Same method as with one-proportion z-test.• Use the calculator (STAT TESTS)• Be careful with the alternative hypothesis.
Example
Is there a difference between the proportion of males and females who have graduated from high school? Perform a 2-proportion z-test. (Remember, you have already satisfied the conditions necessary to proceed).
Try pg 510, #20