Chapter 20 World War II

Details? & a Line of dialogue?

ID them all!

• The desire of Fascist dictatorships for more territory increasingly threatened world peace during the 1930s.

• The League of Nations, which had been formed after World War I to preserve peace, proved powerless to stop the drift toward war.

• Why? Because after World War I the League did issue sanctions but also not wanting to start a World War II used a strategy of appeasement. This policy of giving in to demands to avoid conflict allowed for the slow expansion of powerful dictators-like Hitler –ie: by giving in to his small territorial demands.

• Better example: Adolph Hitler aimed to bring much of Europe under Nazi control. When the German leader threatened to invade Czechoslovakia in 1938, Great Britain and France negotiated the Munich Agreement that gave Hitler the part of Czechoslovakia that he demanded.

• "I saw my enemies in Munich, and they are worms.“ A. Hitler• This appeasement or compromise with the dictator-to avoid

war only increased Hitler’s expansionism.

• In 1939, Hitler took over all of Czechoslovakia, and in September of that year secured the help of the Soviet Union in attacking Poland. (Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact)

• The Nazi assault on Poland led Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany.

• In the spring of 1940, German forces took control of Norway and Denmark, and then invaded the Low Countries and France, pushing British and French forces to the English Channel.

• Germany was able to quickly defeat France here because in the beginning France failed to recognize Germany as a threat but more importantly they over relied on their fortifications like the Maginot Line. (which the Germans drove around!)

• France surrendered in June, leaving the British to fight Hitler alone. In the summer and fall of 1940,

• Great Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill, fought and won a crucial victory over Germany in the air conflict known as the Battle of Britain.

• By 1941, however, Nazi Germany had conquered large areas of Europe, and in June of that year, launched a large-scale invasion of the Soviet Union.

• Meanwhile, the United States remained neutral in the actual conflict, but implemented a lend- lease policy to aid Britain. This allowed the United States to supply the British with equipment to fight the war. (under FDR as president)

• On the other side on the World, to prevent the Americans from interfering with its expansionist thrust in East Asia and the Pacific, Japan decided to attack the United States fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. (under leadership of Prime Minister Hideki Tojo)

• ADD: They attacked due to US putting a FREEZE on Japanese assets & placing a trade embargo due to Japan’s invasion of China….

• The Pearl Harbor attack brought the United States into the war on the side of the Allies- Great Britain, the Soviet Union, the French, and other anti Fascist governments and nations.

• However, it was not until 1942 that the tide begin to turn in favor of the Allies.

• For example, Americans responded to Japan’s aggression or attack on Pearl Harbor by defeating Japanese naval forces at the Battle of Midway in the Pacific Ocean.

• Then, in 1943, Soviet forces also contributed to “the turn of tide” by throwing back a German offensive at Stalingrad. This victory however was mostly due to complications of the Russian winter. German’s were not use to this weather and were not prepared for such an environment.

• Later, the British and American forces would also push the Germans out of North Africa. Defeating Rommel’s Afrika Korps,

1944-45• From there, the Allies launched an invasion of Sicily and the

Italian Peninsula.

• Finally, on June 6th 1944, Western Allied forces invaded Normandy in France, better known as D-Day, and pushed Germany inland as Soviet troops advanced from the east.

• In April 1945 Western and Soviet allies met at the Elbe River, and the following month Germany surrendered.

• As for Japan, FIRST THEY TURNED more desperate using KAMIKAZE tactics against the U.S.

• The US then ended Japan’s resistance by dropping its new secret weapon, the atomic bomb, on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Days later Japan surrendered. (Sept 2nd 1945)

• World War II was over, but much of Europe laid in ruins, and millions of people had died.

• The most shocking horror in a war filled with atrocities was the Holocaust, the killing of over 6 million Jews by the Nazis in a campaign of genocide, or the deliberate killing of a racial, political, or cultural group.

• This event was performed because the Nazi's wanted to racial purify Germany and the rest of Europe.

• Among the political changes brought by the war was the division of Europe into Communist and non-Communist areas.

Review Qs Of War!•1. Name 3 events that happened in this chapter and tell where they happened.

2. What policy was used that allowed Hitler to keep on conquering places unstopped by the Allies in the 1930s?

3.Who was the bigger threat to the US in WW2 the Germans or the Japanese? Why choose the way you did?4.After Nazi Germany was defeated, what 2 political philosophies competed for Europe’s govts. during the upcoming Cold War of the 1950s?5.5. What was the ONE event from WW2 that shaped out world today the most? Why pick that one?

Vlas:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q78COTwT7nE