Chapter 20:Perceptual Motor

Development

PED 383: Adapted Physical EducationDr. Johnson

Sensory input Receiving energy forms from the environment and from

within the body itself as sensory stimuli and processing the information for integration into the CNS. Incoming messages

Sensory integration Integrating comparing and storing short or long term

memories Output and feedback

Movements occur as a result of decisions from the CNS. The actual movement response – jump, run, etc

As this happens, information is sent back in as feedback

Overview

Perception Monitoring and interpreting of sensory information or knowledge

resulting from the interaction between sensory and CNS processes

Perceptual motor development Enhancing the ability to integrate sensory stimuli arising from or

relating to observable movement responses Sensorimotor activity

Motor responses to sensory output Does not require cognitive ability

Affordances Actions exerted on the environment

Ecological approach Perception is specific to each person and that the environment is

perceived directly in terms of its usefulness for the perceiver

Terminology

Hitting a baseball when pitched Understanding tracking Messages to the CNS on information input Decision based on input information Information added based on result

Hit Strike Should have not swung

Examples

Motor output is impacted by deficits in several areas Visual Auditory Vestibular, kinesthetic or tactual Mental or affective

Each have different responses based on level of disability

Deficits

Sensory Stimulation Associate senses with movements Not dependent on cognitive ability Overlap in sensorimotor activities

How to overcome deficits or prevent them

Ability to interpret sensations through the skin (feel)

Types Proprioception

Feelings form inside the body Kinesthetic Perception

Awareness and memory of planned movement and position Body awareness(feeling a movement correctly) Laterality

Balance Relation between the body and gravitational pull (equilibrium)

Tactile Perception

Body awareness Ability to derive meaning from the body

Body Schema Information supplied through activity of the body

Body image Feelings one has about their own body

How it functions, not how it looks

Body concept Knowledge one has about their own body

Body parts

Kinesthetic perception

Laterality Knowing both sides of the body

Verticality Knowing the up and down sides of the body

Kinesthetic perception

Visual Figure-ground

Ability to distinguish the main figure or target from the background or to give meaning to form(s)

Spatial Locating objects in space

Egocentric – self in space – not touching hoop Objective – others – complete a pass when guarded

Perceptual constancy Recognizing objects despite changes in presentation

Football – always the same size, color, shape

Visual-motor coordination Coordinate vision with movements

Development Include activities that are specific for your type of need (listed above)

Visual

Auditory acuity and perception How we hear

Auditory figure-ground Distinguish and attend to relevant auditory stimuli against a background of

general auditory stimuli Auditory discrimination

Distinguish among frequencies, qualities and amplitudes of sound Sound localization

Determining the source or location of a sound Smoke alarm when batteries need to be replaced

Temporal auditory perception Recognize and discriminate among variations of auditory stimuli presented

in time (tempo) Auditory-motor coordination

Coordinate auditory stimuli with body movements Development

Include activities that are specific for your type of need (listed above)

Auditory