Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil Chapter Preview 2.1 Minerals and Rocks 2.2 Rocks and Weathering 2.3...
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Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil Chapter Preview 2.1 Minerals and Rocks 2.2 Rocks and Weathering 2.3 How Soil Forms 2.4 Soil Conservation Table of Contents
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Transcript of Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil Chapter Preview 2.1 Minerals and Rocks 2.2 Rocks and Weathering 2.3...
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chapter Preview
2.1 Minerals and Rocks
2.2 Rocks and Weathering
2.3 How Soil Forms
2.4 Soil Conservation
Table of Contents
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chapter Preview Questions
1. The processes that form and change rocks on Earth are parts of the
a. nitrogen cycle.
b. water cycle.
c. carbon cycle.
d. rock cycle.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chapter Preview Questions
1. The processes that form and change rocks on Earth are parts of the
a. nitrogen cycle.
b. water cycle.
c. carbon cycle.
d. rock cycle.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Freezing and thawing and the growth of plant roots are processes that
a. cause igneous rocks to form.
b. cause volcanoes to erupt.
c. break rocks into smaller pieces.
d. combine minerals to form rocks.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Freezing and thawing and the growth of plant roots are processes that
a. cause igneous rocks to form.
b. cause volcanoes to erupt.
c. break rocks into smaller pieces.
d. combine minerals to form rocks.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Which of these plays the largest role in reshaping the land?
a. ice.
b. moving water.
c. wind.
d. gravity.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Which of these plays the largest role in reshaping the land?
a. ice.
b. moving water.
c. wind.
d. gravity.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Which of these recycles matter from dead plants and animals?
a. decomposers.
b. producers.
c. herbivores.
d. carnivores.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Which of these recycles matter from dead plants and animals?
a. decomposers.
b. producers.
c. herbivores.
d. carnivores.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Suppose that you carve a model of a mountain in a bar of soap. Then, you leave the model outside in the rain overnight. Based on what you think would happen to the model, predict how rock on Earth’s surface might change over time.
How does the weathering of rock help reshape Earth’s topography and form soil?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Part of Speech Key Terms
Process of,
action ofNoun-ation
Conservation, oxidation, rotation
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Part of Speech Key Terms
Process of,
action ofNoun-sion Abrasion, erosion
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Part of Speech Key Terms
Showing continuous action
Noun or adjective-ingMelting, plowing, smelting, weathering, wedging
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Apply It!
Complete the sentences with the correct words.
1. People who electricity are contribuing to energy .
conserve/conservation
2. Rain, snow, and other types of contribute to the of
Earth´s surface.
weather, weathering
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
End of Chapter Preview
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Section 1:Minerals and Rocks
What is a mineral?
What are the three major groups of rock, and how do they form through the rock cycle?
How are minerals and rocks used and processed?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Sedimentary rocks form over millions of years as particles of sediment are deposited and then squeezed and glued together.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Rocks change continuously through the rock cycle.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Rocks change continuously through the rock cycle.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Rocks change continuously through the rock cycle.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Rocks change continuously through the rock cycle.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Rocks change continuously through the rock cycle.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Rocks change continuously through the rock cycle.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Rock Cycle Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about the rock cycle.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Producing Metals From Minerals
In the process of smelting, an ore is mixed with other substances and then melted to separate the useful metal from the other elements the ore contains.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
End of Section: Minerals and Rocks
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Section 2:Rocks and Weathering
How do weathering and erosion affect Earth’s surface?
What are the causes of mechanical weathering and chemical weathering?
What determines how fast weathering occurs?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Mechanical WeatheringMechanical weathering affects all rock on Earth’s surface.
Release of Pressure As rock erodes, release of pressure causes the outside of the rock to crack and flake off.
Freezing and Thawing When water freezes in a crack in a rock, it expands and makes the crack bigger.
Animal Actions Burrowing animals like this mole can loosen and break apart rocks and soil.
Plant Growth Roots of plants enter cracks in rocks, forcing the cracks farther apart.
Abrasion Rock particles carried by wind, water, or ice and wear away exposed rock surfaces like sandpaper on wood.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Chemical Weathering
As weathering breaks apart rock, the surface area exposed to weathering increases.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Which Weathered Faster?
The graph shows the rate of weathering for two identical pieces of limestone that weathered in different locations.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Which Weathered Faster?
Time in years
Reading Graphs:
What does the x-axis of the graph represent?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Which Weathered Faster?
The thickness of stone lost to weathering
Reading Graphs:
What does the y-axis of the graph represent?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Which Weathered Faster?
Stone A lost about 8.5 millimeters; Stone B lost slightly more than 4 millimeters.
Reading Graphs:
How much thickness did Stone A lose in 1,000 years? How much thickness did Stone B lose in the same period?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Which Weathered Faster?
Stone A weathered at a faster rate.
Drawing Conclusions:
Which stone weathered at a faster rate?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Which Weathered Faster?
They were exposed to different climate conditions.
Inferring:
Since the two identical pieces of limestone weathered at different rates, what can you infer caused the difference in their rates of weathering?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
More on Weathering
Click the PHSchool.com button for anactivity about weathering.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
End of Section:Weathering and Rocks
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Section 3:How Soil Forms
What is soil made of, and how does it form?
How do scientists classify soils?
What is the role of plants and animals in soil formation?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
What Is Soil?
Loam, a type of soil, is made up of air, water, and organic matter as well as materials from weathered rock.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
What Is Soil?
Soil particles range in size from gravel to clay particles too small to be seen by the unaided eye. The sand, silt, and clay shown here have been enlarged.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
The Process of Soil Formation
Soil forms as rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other materials on the surface. Soil is constantly being formed wherever bedrock is exposed.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Soil Layers Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about soil layers.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Soil Types
Soil pH affects plants’ ability to take up nutrients from the soil. It also affects the color of hydrangea flowers.
pH 5.0Blue hydrangea
pH 6.0Pink hydrangea
Most acidic
Most basic
pH Scale
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Living Organisms in Soil
Some soil organisms make humus, the material that makes soil fertile. Other soil organisms mix the soil and make spaces in it for air and water.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
End of Section:How Soil Forms
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Section 4:Soil Conservation
Why is fertile soil considered a nonrenewable resource?
How can soils lose its value?
What are some ways that soil can be conserved?
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Soil Damage and Loss-
Wind erosion is one cause of soil loss. For example, wind erosion contributed to the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains. The Dust Bowl ruined farmland in western Oklahoma and parts of the surrounding states. Wind blew dry particles of soil into great clouds of dust that traveled thousands of kilometers.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
Links on Soil Conservation
Click the SciLinks button for links on soil conservation.
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
End of Section: Soil Conservation
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
QuickTake Quiz
Click to start quiz.
