Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING MYSELF. Learning Objectives Positive psychology Personality Freud’s Theory...
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Transcript of Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING MYSELF. Learning Objectives Positive psychology Personality Freud’s Theory...
Learning Objectives
• Positive psychology
• Personality
• Freud’s Theory of Personality
• Defense Mechanisms
• “Big Five” personality traits
• Intelligence
• Types of Intelligence
• Personal learning style and preferences
• Personal positive view, self esteem, self efficacy
Everyone is unique…and that is not bad
Personality Intelligence Learning Styles Preferences It is important to understand your own traits and use them
to be successful in life
Personality
Unique expression of our characteristics and traits –how we feel, think, behave.
Personality doesn’t change much Different theories of personality development
Psychodynamic
Trait theory
Psychodynamic theory
• Sigmund Freud
• Mind functions as conscious(aware),
unconscious (unaware, but driving most personality) and preconscious (semi-aware)
• Personality divided– Id—instinct driven for survival
– Superego—personality driven by societal rules
– Ego—part of personality that has to balance the drives of the Id and the Superego—and often accomplishes this through Defense Mechanisms
Id Exists entirely in the
unconscious
Our hidden true animalistic wants and desires.
Works on the Pleasure Principleseeks immediate
gratification
Ego
Develops after the Id
Works on the Reality Principle
• Seeks to fulfill the Id’s impulses in realistic ways that will bring long term pleasure rather than pain.
In our conscious and unconscious minds.
It is what everyone sees as our personality.
If you want to be with someone. Your id says just take them, but your ego does not want to end up in jail. So you ask her out and turn on “the swag”.
Superego Develops after ego
It is our conscience
• (what we think the difference is between right and wrong)
The Ego often mediates between the superego and id.
Defense Mechanisms
• Repression—eliminating ideas from consciousness• Regression—returning to an earlier stage of
development• Rationalization—stating logical explanation in place of
the real reason for something• Displacement—transferring impulses to a less
threatening object or person• Projection—attributing one’s own unacceptable
impulses to others• Reaction formation—engaging in behavior that is the
opposite of what one is really feeling• Denial—refusing to see the true nature of a situation
or behavior
Charades: Defense Mechanisms
Split into groups of 2 or 3.
Each group should pick a Defense Mechanism to demonstrate through charades.
Each group will perform their charade until a representative from another group raises her hand and explains (1) what’s happening in the charade and (2) what Defense Mechanism is being demonstrated.
Trait Theory
• “Big Five Theory”—Five basic personality traits that are connected to GPA, achievement, alcohol consumption, personal values—cuts across cultural and racial lines
– Neurotic
– Extroverted
– Open
– Agreeable
– Conscientious
Open: Imaginative vs. Conforming Conscientious: Reliable vs. Disorganized Extroverted: Outgoing vs. Shy Agreeable: Sensitive vs. Cold Neurotic: Anxious vs. Relaxed
THE OCEAN OF EMOTION THE OCEAN OF EMOTION
Watch these fish and how they react in the same situation....
The Big Five
Intelligence
The ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience
Involves the ability to learn both formally and informally as well as to pose and solve problems
Multiple Intelligences—Howard GardnerThere isn’t just one way to be smart
• Verbal-linguistic: Word Smart
• Mathematical-logical: Number Smart
• Visual-spatial: Picture Smart
• Musical-rhythmic: Sound Smart
• Bodily-kinesthetic: Body Smart
• Interpersonal: People Smart
• Intrapersonal: Self Smart
• Naturalistic: Nature Smart
Successful Intelligence-Robert Sternberg
Successfully intelligent people maximize their strengths and compensate for weakness
Three aspects of successful intelligence Analytical intelligence
Creative intelligence
Practical intelligence
Emotional Intelligence-Daniel Goleman
Ability to understand and monitor emotions of self and others
Allows an individual to cope well in times of stress Allows an individual to deal with the people around him or
her Time Magazine: “the best predictor of success in life”
Abilities of Emotional Intelligence
• How we manage ourselves– Self awareness
– Self regulation
– Self motivation
• How we manage relationships– Empathy
– Managing relationships—persuasion, leadership, active listening, team building, forging bonds
Improving Emotional Intelligence
Pay attention to emotional changes and what causes them Take the time to talk it out Deal with one issue at a time Accept responsibility for your emotions and your actions
Learning Styles• Sensing-Information perceived by
senses, facts, information presented step by step
• Visual—Information presented in pictures, diagrams
• Read/Write—Information in words
• Active—Learn by trying things out or other practical applications
• Sequential—Process information step by step
• Intuitive—Information in the abstract, the “big picture,” the meaning of things
• Auditory—Information presented orally—discussions, lectures
• Kinesthetic—Information gained through hands-on activities
• Reflective—Process information by internally thinking about it
• Global—Process information by seeing the whole then knowing how the individual parts fit in
Personal Preferences
Myers Briggs Indicators: Behavior is based on preferences in how people perceive and interact with the world
What is your Personal Preference Type? Take the Personal Preferences Survey
Favorite world Extraversion(E) Focus on the outer world Intraversion (I) Focus on your inner world
Information Sensing (S) Focus on information you take in Intuition (N) Focus on how you interpret and add meaning to information
Decisions Thinking (T) Make decisions by looking at logic and consistency Feeling (F) Make decisions by considering people and special
circumstances Structure
Judging (J) In dealing with situations, prefer to get things decided Perceiving (P) In dealing with situations, prefer to stay open to new
information and options.
Mrs. Shipman INFP???
Idealistic, loyal to their values and to people who are important to them. Want an external life that is congruent with their values. Curious, quick to see possibilities, can be catalysts for implementing ideas. Seek to understand people and to help them fulfill their potential. Adaptable, flexible, and accepting unless a value is threatened.
Once you identify your 4 letters
Your unique combination tells you many facets of your personality
For detailed information go to:
http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/the-16-mbti-types.asp
Positive Psychology
Scientific study of strengths and virtues that enable persons and communities to thrive
Every person has a pre-determined set point for their overall outlook—optimistic vs gloomy, happy vs sad, etc.
Positive psychology studies how we can change set points and focus on our strengths rather than weaknesses.
Self-concept
How we view ourselves, beliefs and attitudes Ideal self
Looking glass self
Self-image
Real self
Self –esteem
Degree of how much we like ourselves Related to health and well-being High self-esteem correlated with responsibility, self-
management, self-direction and innovation High self esteem views criticism as constructive
To Increase Self-Esteem
Live consciously Practice self-acceptance Practice self-responsibility Practice self-assertiveness Practice living purposefully Practice personal integrity Concentrate on strengths and use them Make positive changes in your lifestyle Pay attention to “self-talk”
Self-efficacy
Belief we can cope with life and win Influences decisions we make, careers we choose,
and interaction with others May influence willingness to take advantage of
opportunities, motivation, success in college Behaviors that increase self-efficacy can be taught—
problem solving Can be influenced by previous success, vicarious
experience, verbal persuasion, physiological arousal
To increase self-efficacy
Make goals and reward their achievement Set reasonable but challenging goals Talk positively to yourself Choose good role models Be willing to work for your goals