Chapter 2 sept 2015.ppt

8/18/2019 Chapter 2 sept 2015.ppt

1/33

Ethics and Professionalism

ASSOC. PROF. DR. MUHAMMADYUSOF ISMAIL


2/33

!o "nderstand the conce#t of #rofessionalismand ho$ en%ineerin% is considered a#rofession.!o "nderstand the conce#ts of #ersonal&social and #rofessional ethics incl"din%en%ineerin% ethics.

'.( O)*ecti+es


3/33

'.' Introd"ctionEthics , st"d- of moral actionsEn%ineerin% ethics , the #ro#er co"rse of action

for en%ineers $hen dealin% $ith each other.Code of ethics one of the characteristics ofmodern #rofessions.!hese codes ser+e to %"ide en%ineers in ma/in%decisions , from 0EM 1 IEEE.


4/33

En%ineers create #rod"cts and #rocesses toim#ro+e food #rod"ction& shelter& ener%-&comm"nication& trans#ortation& health and

#rotection a%ainst nat"ral calamities.En%ineers enhance the con+enience and )ea"t-of o"r e+er-da- li+es.En%ineers ma/e #ossi)le s#ectac"lar h"mantri"m#hs.


5/33

'.2 Micro and Macro Iss"esMicro , concern the decisions made )-indi+id"als and com#anies in #"rs"in% their

#ro*ects.Macro , concern more %lo)al iss"es& s"ch asdirections in technolo%ical de+elo#ment& la$sthat sho"ld and sho"ld not )e #assed& collecti+eres#onsi)ilities of %ro"#s and cons"mer %ro"#s.


6/33

'.3 0oard of En%ineers Mala-sia 40EM5Under the Re%istration of En%ineers Act (678 andformed on '2 A"%"st (68'.!o re%"late the #rofessional cond"ct and #racticeof re%istered en%ineers in order to safe%"ard the#")lic safet- and interest.

It #la-s a +ital role in "#liftin% the ima%e ofen%ineerin% #rofession.


7/33

'.9 Instit"te of En%ineers Mala-sia 4IEM5Professional learned societ- ser+in% more than(9 ::: mem)ers in Mala-sia& o+erseas and

comm"nities in $hich the- $or/.Formed in (696 and admitted a mem)er ofCommon$ealth En%ineers Co"ncil in (67'.


8/33

'.9.( !he o)*ecti+es of IEM!o #romote and ad+ance the theor- and #ractice ofen%ineerin%.

!o raise the character and stat"s& and ad+ance theinterests of #rofession.!o increase the confidence of the comm"nit- in theem#lo-ment of reco%ni;ed en%ineers.

!o #romote honest #ractice & #re+ent mal#racticeand settle dis#"ted #oints of #ractice and ethics.


9/33

Arran%e lect"res& e


10/33

'.7 Dimensions of En%ineerin%In the sco#e of man"fact"rin%=Ste# ( , Initiation of task

4idea& s#ecific re>"est or mar/et demand5Ste# ' , Design

4conce#t& %oals& #reliminar- desi%n& #erformance s#ecifications& #reliminar- anal-sis5

Ste#'a , 4detailed anal-sis=sim"lation?#rotot-#in%&

s#ecifications for materials and com#onents& detailed sho# dra$in%s5


11/33

Ste# 2 , Manufacture 4sched"lin% of tas/s& #"rchasin% com#onents and materials5

Ste# 2a , 4fa)rication of #arts& assem)l-?constr"ction5

Ste# 2) , 4>"alit- control?testin%5Ste# 3 , Implementation

4ad+ertisin%& sales and financin%& o#eratin% and #arts man"als5

Ste# 3a , 4shi##in% and installation& o#erator trainin%& #ro+ision for safet- meas"res and de+ices5Ste# 3) , 4"se of the #rod"ct5


12/33

Ste# 3c , 4field ser+ice= maintenance& re#airs& s#are #arts5

Ste# 3d , 4monitorin% social and en+ironmental effects5Ste# 3e , 4re#ortin% findin%s to #arties at #ossi)le ris/5

Ste# 9 , Final Tasks 4treatment ser+ice= re)"ildin%& rec-clin%5Ste# 9a , 4dis#osal of materials and $astes5

@Design is usually the kind of problem solving we call ill-structured

…you don’t start off with a well-defined goal and alternatives $ordsfrom Her)ert Simon 4Bo"rnal of En%ineerin% Ed"cation5


13/33

'.8 Potential Moral Pro)lemsEn%ineerin% %enerall- does not consist ofcom#letin% desi%ns or #rocesses one after

another in a strai%htfor$ard #ro%ression ofisolated tas/s.It in+ol+es a trial and error #rocess $ith)ac/trac/in% )ased on decisions made aftere


14/33

!hese are the ran%e of #ro)lems that can%enerate moral challen%es for en%ineers=a5 Lac/ of +ision , o+erloo/s s"ita)le

alternati+es.)5 Incom#etence , carr- o"t technical tas/s.c5 Lac/ of time?lac/ of #ro#er materials.

d5 A silo mentalit- , /ee#s information rather than shared across different le+els.


15/33

e5 Dishonest- , #ress"re )- mana%ement to ta/e shortc"ts.f5 Inattention , ho$ the #rod"ct is #erformin% after it is sold and $hen in "se.


16/33

'. hat is En%ineerin% EthicsConsists of the res#onsi)ilities and ri%hts thato"%ht to )e endorsed )- those en%a%ed in

en%ineerin% and also of desira)le ideals and#ersonal commitments in en%ineerin%.!he st"d- of decisions& #olicies and +al"es thatare morall- desira)le in en%ineerin% #ractice andresearch.


17/33

'.6 h- st"d- En%ineerin% Ethics!o increase o"r a)ilit- to deal effecti+el- $ithmoral com#le


18/33

As related to en%ineerin% ethics& these s/illsincl"de the follo$in%=a5 Moral a$areness , #roficienc- in reco%ni;in% moral

#ro)lems and iss"es in en%ineerin%.)5 ood moral reasonin% , com#rehendin%& clarif-in% and assessin% ar%"ments on o##osin% sides of moral iss"es.c5 Moral coherence , formin% consistent and com#rehensi+e +ie$#oints )ased on consideration of rele+ant facts.


19/33

d5 Moral ima%ination , discernin% alternati+e res#onses to moral iss"es and findin% creati+e sol"tions for #ractical diffic"lties.e5 Moral comm"nication , #recision in the "se of a

common ethical lan%"a%e& a s/ill needed to e


20/33

h5 !olerance of di+ersit- , $ithin a )road ran%e& res#ect for ethnic and reli%io"s differences and acce#tance of reasona)le differences in moral #ers#ecti+es.i5 Moral ho#e , enriched a##reciation of the #ossi)ilities of "sin% rational dialo%"e in resol+in% moral conflicts.

*5 Inte%rit- , maintainin% moral inter%it- and inte%ratin% oneGs #rofessional life and #ersonal con+ictions.


21/33

Professionalism is a $a- of li+in% rather than anacc"m"lation of certificates and learnin%.Professionalism cannot )e learned )-

memori;in% a set of r"les li/e the code of ethics.It is thro"%h the de+elo#ment of stron%#rofessional attit"de to %i+e contri)"tion tosociet-.


22/33

'.(: Im#ortance of CodesCodes of ethics state the moral res#onsi)ilitiesof en%ineers.

Codes of ethics #la- at least essential roles=a5 Ser+in% and #rotectin% the #")lic.)5 "idance

c5 Ins#iration


23/33

d5 Shared standardse5 S"##ort for res#onsi)le #rofessionals

f5 Ed"cation and m"t"al "nderstandin%%5 Deterrence and disci#lineh5 Contri)"tin% to the #rofessionGs ima%e


24/33

'.(( Moral Choices and Ethical DilemmasHistor- Desi%nin% Al"min"m Cans

Henr- Petros/i chronicles de+elo#ment of al"min"m can $ith sta-on ta) o#eners.

USA , (:: )illion cans #rod"ced each -ear.First al"min"m can , desi%ned in (69 4 aiser Al"min"m5.!o im#ro+e on hea+ier and more e


25/33

!he tric/ $as to ma/e the can stron% eno"%h to /ee# #ress"ri;edli>"id inside and )ein% thin eno"%h to )e cost effecti+e.Fit con+enientl- in the hand.Relia)l- satisf- c"stomers needs.

Sha#e , in$ard dished )ottom to im#ro+e sta)ilit- $hen the can isset do$n& #ro+ide some lee$a- for e"ired additional man"fact"rin% costs to ma/e readil- a+aila)le tocons"mers.


26/33

Se#arate o#ener also ca"sed incon+enience.Ermal Fra;e disco+ered& (696 , he had for%otten to )rin% theo#ener $hile in #icnic& $hat ha##en He had to thin/ otheralternati+e.Fra;e o$ned Da-ton Relia)le !ool and Man"fact"rin% Com#an-. Hecame "# $ith one idea , small le+er attached to the can andremo+ed as the can o#ened.Idea #ro+ed $or/a)le and em)raced )- man"fact"rers.

rad"al im#ro+ements $ere made to ens"re eas- o#enin% and

#re+ention of li# and nose in*"ries from the *a%%ed ed%es of theo#enin%.


27/33

ithin a decade an "nantici#ated crisis arose& creatin% an ethicaldilemma.Fra;e had not tho"%ht thro"%h the im#lications of )illions ofdiscarded #"ll ta)s ca"sin% #oll"tion& foot in*"ries and harm to fishand infants $ho in%ested them.

!he dilemma , $hat to do to )alance "sef"lness to cons"mers $ith#rotection of the en+ironment.In (687& Daniel F.C"d;i/ in+ented a sim#le& sta- attached o#ener.Dilemma sol+ed d"e to technolo%ical inno+ation.

A%ain& minor desi%n im#ro+ements came as #ro)lems $ere

identified.


28/33

Search for im#ro+ements contin"es )eca"se #eo#le $ith arthriticfin%ers or lon% and )rea/a)le fin%ernails ha+e diffic"lt- "sin% theo#eners.Poll"tion from cans , #rom#ted rec-clin% #ro%rams.Petros/i reco"nts these de+elo#ments to ill"strate ho$ en%ineerin%#ro%resses )- learnin% from desi%n fail"res.Desi%ns that ca"se "nacce#ta)le ris/s or other #ro)lems.

At each sta%e of the desi%n #rocess& en%ineers are #reocc"#ied$ith $hat mi%ht %o $ron%.

!o antici#ate and #re+ent fail"res& dra$in% on /no$led%e a)o"t #astfail"res.


29/33

Ho$e+er& o"r interest is in ho$ moral +al"es $ere em)edded in thedesi%n #rocess at all sta%es& to )rin% "# ethical dilemmasconcernin% en+ironment.Moral +al"es , decision ma/in% #rocess of en%ineers and theirmana%ers #ro)a)l- a##eared to )e #"rel- technical or economic.!his a##earance is misleadin% that had moral dimensions in 3%eneral directions=a5 Safet-)5 En+ironmental #rotection

c5 Cons"mer "sef"lnessd5 Economic )enefits.


30/33

Safet-=a5 sli%ht c"ts to li#s and noses from #oorl- desi%ned o#eners and minor in*"ries to feet in recreation areas.

)5 Minor in*"ries mi%ht ca"se infections.c5 ario"s /inds of #oisonin% mi%ht occ"r "nless all materials $ere tested "nder a ran%e of conditions.d5 E


31/33

En+ironmental #rotection=a5 !he )roader #ro)lem came from o#eners that re>"ired cor#orate action in #a-in% for rec-cled

materials.)5 Comm"nit- action in de+elo#in% the technolo%ies for rec-clin%.c5 Chan%es in #")lic #olic- and social attit"des a)o"t rec-clin%.


32/33

Cons"mer "sef"lness=a5 !he terms s"ch as "sef"l and con+enient #rod"cts $ere #ertainin% to the sha#e and a##earance of cans to satisf- h"man desires.

Economic )enefits=a5 Mone- matters and it matters morall-.)5 Bo)s #ro+ide the li+elihood for $or/ers and their families that ma/e #ossi)le the material %oods that contri)"te to ha##iness and s"r+i+al.c5 Cor#orationGs s"ccess contri)"tes to li+elihood of s"##liers& retailers and sta/eholders.


33/33

End of slide Thank you for listening & participating

Chapter 2 sept 2015.ppt

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 2 sept 2015.ppt