CHAPTER 2 REVIEW

AFRICA- SHAPED BY HISTORY

Key Terms

–to adapt wild plants and animals and breed them for human use

• Domesticate-

• to move from one place to settle in another

•Migrate-

• a group of people who share the same ancestors, culture, language, or religion.

• Ethnic group-

• - a society that has cities, a central government, and social classes and usually has writing, art, and architecture

• Civilization

• Bantu language spoken in much of East Africa; a mixture of Arab and African languages; also an ethnic group

• Swahili-

• a city that is also an independent state, with its own traditions, government, and laws

• City-states-

–a religious journey

• Pilgrimage-

• a large farm where cash crops are grown

• Plantation-

• the point of land at the southern tip of Africa

• Cape of Good Hope-

• to settle an area and take control of its government

• Colonize-

– a feeling of pride in one’s homeland

• Nationalism-

• able to read and write

• Literate-

• the average length of time a person is expected to live.

• Life expectancy-

• - the belief that all Africans should work together for their rights and freedoms

• Pan-Africanism

• a government over which citizens exercise power

• Democracy-

• a plant that is created by breeding different types of the same plant.

• Hybrid-

• a large-scale production of crops for sale

• Commercial farming-

• a refusal to buy or use certain products or services

• boycott-

The process used by early humans to hunt for wild game and gather berries and other eatable herbs & plants.

• Hunting & Gathering

•What two ancient civilizations sprung up along the Nile?

• Egypt & Nubia

• One of the largest migrations that has ever taken place

• Bantu Migrations

• African & Arab traders from what kingdom settled along the Red Sea and over time Aksum controlled the Red Sea area.

• Askum Kingdom

He was the king of Mali in about 1312. He traveled from Mali to the holy city of Mecca, taking 60,000 followers with him.

•Mansa Musa

These traders sailed south around the Cape of Good Hope and then north along the eastern coast of Africa. They liked what they saw and came back later with three ships to seize the riches of East

Africa.

• Portuguese

• Europeans held a conference in 1884 in Berlin, Germany to decide what concerning Africa?

•Who would be allowed to claim land in Africa

• How did World War II effect some African nations?

• It made them want freedom of their own

•What role did Africans have in WWII?

• More than one correct answer

• Liberia and Belgian Congo supplies the allies with rubber and other needed resources

• Allied planes were allowed to use African airfields to move supplies into Asia

• Many thousands of Africans fought and died in WWII–About 170,000 West Africans & 280,000

East and Southern Africans fought for the British Army

•Which country was the first to win its independence?

• South Africa- 1910

•Which countries were never colonized?

• Liberia & Ethiopia

• Algerians and the ??? people disagreed about whether or not independence was necessary. They fought for eight bloody years.

• French

•What were some of the challenges for African nations after they gained their independence?

–New leaders were not prepared to govern–Governments were very

unstable–Some military leaders took

control by force

•What is the most important economic activity in Africa?

• Farming

•What are the two types of farming practiced in Africa?

• Subsistence & Commercial

•What type of economy is one in which the country depends on exporting one or two products?

• Specialized Economy

•What is the cause for a short life expectancy in countries such as Botswana’s 32 years average?

–Childhood diseases are the main reason for early death;HIV AIDS Malaria