Chapter 2Quiz material

pp.39-50Part 4 of 4Organic Compounds

Use your:1. Vocabulary worksheet2. Worksheet with images and quiz questions3. This PowerPoint (posted on our website)

To study for this quiz25 questions worth 30 points

Types of Compounds Two types of compounds

important to life:Organic Compounds (covering now)

Inorganic Compounds (just finished covering last week.)

Biochemistry: Essentials for Life

Slide 2.21Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• Organic compounds• Contain carbon• Most are covalently bonded

Important Organic Compounds

1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids5. ATP

Important Organic Compounds

Slide 2.26

1. Carbohydrates• Help fuel your body and keep it

functioning properly.• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and

oxygen• Include sugars and starches• Classified according to size

• Monosaccharides – simple sugars

• Disaccharides – two simple sugars joined together-

• Polysaccharides – long branching chains of linked simple sugars

Carbohydrates

Slide 2.27Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 2.12a, b

Carbohydrates

Slide 2.28Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 2.12c

Important Organic Compounds

Slide 2.29

2. Lipids • Come into your body in the form of fat-

marbled meats, eggs yolks, milk products, and oils• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• Carbon and hydrogen outnumber oxygen

• Insoluble in water (will not dissolve in water)

Important Organic Compounds

Slide 2.33aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3. Proteins• Made of amino acids

• Contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Important Organic CompoundsProteins (cont.)

Slide 2.33bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3. Proteins•Account for over 50% of the body’s organic

matter• Provides for construction materials for

body tissues• Plays a vital role in cell function

•Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

Enzymes (a type of protein)

Slide 2.34Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• Act as biological catalysts• Catalysts-a substance that increases

the rate of a chemical reaction WITHOUT becoming part of the product or being changed.

• Enzymes are re-usable-can create a reaction again and again.

• Can think of enzymes as a wind that makes a fire burn hotter and burn more area. Figure 2.16

Important Organic Compounds

Slide 2.35Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• Nucleic Acids• Your genes are made of these bases• Nucleotide bases

• A = Adenine• G = Guanine• C = Cytosine• T = Thymine• U = Uracil (replaces T/RNA)

• Make DNA and RNA

Important Organic Compounds

Slide 2.36Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)• Organized by

complimentary bases to form double helix

• Replicates before cell division

• Provides instruction for every protein in the body

Figure 2.17c

Important Organic Compounds

Slide 2.37Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)• Chemical energy used by all cells• Energy is released by breaking high energy

phosphate bond• ATP is replenished by oxidation of food

fuels